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Risk Analysis and Consumer Protection in B2C Transactions

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2005年第1期22卷 83-89页

作者：杨坚争时启亮 Gary Millar ruhul a.sarker Business School University of Shanghai for Science & Technology Shanghai 200031Glorious Sun School of Business and Management Donghua University Shanghai 200051 Business School University of Shanghai for Science & Technology Shanghai 200031 School of Computer Science The University of New South Wales Australia

Recent studies have shown that the perceived lack of security is a major obstacle to the wider acceptance of e-commerce. To overcome this barrier, businesses need to implement comprehensive consumer protection systems that protect consumers during every stage of the purchasing process. This paper used the consumer behaviour model as the basis for analysing risks in Bussiness-to-Consumer (B2C) transactions. Four categories of risks were identified: information, agreement, payment and delivery risk. By combining these risk categories with the three dimensions of management, technology and legislation, a comprehensive B2C consumer protection framework is developed.

关键词： Consumer Protection Business-to-Consumer. (B2C) E-commerce Security Risk.

Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm for Solving Dynamic Optimization with Existence of Infeasible Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1-17页

作者： Mohamed A.Meselhi Saber M.Elsayed Daryl L.Essam ruhul a.sarker School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales Canberra Australia

Dynamic constrained optimization is a challenging research topic in which the objective function and/or constraints change over *** such problems,it is commonly assumed that all problem instances are *** reality some instances can be infeasible due to various practical issues,such as a sudden change in resource requirements or a big change in the availability of ***-makers have to determine whether a particular instance is feasible or not,as infeasible instances cannot be solved as there are no solutions to *** this case,locating the nearest feasible solution would be valuable information for the *** this paper,a differential evolution algorithm is proposed for solving dynamic constrained problems that learns from past environments and transfers important knowledge from them to use in solving the current instance and includes a mechanism for suggesting a good feasible solution when an instance is *** judge the performance of the proposed algorithm,13 well-known dynamic test problems were *** results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing recent algorithms with a margin of 79.40%over all the environments and it can also find a good,but infeasible solution,when an instance is infeasible.

关键词： Dynamic optimization constrained optimization disruption differential evolution

A DSS for Human Resettlement: Supporting Interactive Optimal Decisions

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American Journal of Operations Research 2012年第3期2卷 322-330页

作者： Sajjad Zahir Ziaul Al-Mahmud ruhul sarker Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada School of Engineering & IT UNSW@ADFA Canberra Australia

Decisions regarding relocation of people due to environmental requirements can be very complex and may have serious socio-economic implications. We present the design of a Decision Support System to support such decis... 详细信息

关键词： Decision Support Systems Environmental Decision Goal Programming Model Analytic Hierarchy Process Integration Interactive Interface

Comparative Study on Biomass Yield,Morphology,Silage Quality of Hybrid Napier and Pakchong and Their Utilization in Bull Calves

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第3期9卷 166-176页

作者： Nathu Ram sarker Dilruba Yeasmin Farah Tabassum Md.ruhul Amin Md.Ahsan Habib Poultry Production Research Division Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute(BLRI)SavarDhaka 1341Bangladesh Fodder Research and Development Project Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute(BLRI)SavarDhaka 1341Bangladesh

This work was conducted to compare the potentiality between BLRI Napier-3(BN-3)and Pakchong(PK)*** a completely randomized design(CRD)layout,10 plots(5 m′5 m each)were prepared and stem cuttings were *** plants were harvested at 70,80 and 90 days after plantation(DAP)followed by making *** Red Chittagong Cattle(RCC)growing bull calves were selected and equally divided into two treatment groups fed only silages for nutrient utilization and growth *** highest biomass yield(69.3 ton/ha)and plant height(104.6 cm)were observed in PK at 90 *** highest leaf weight(498.6 g/plant)and leaf to stem ratio(LSR)(1.53)were observed in BN-3 at 70 DAP,which was decreased gradually in progressing ***,stem weight was increased with progressing *** matter(DM)(24.71%),total ash(8.35%)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)(61.89%)in PK silage were significantly *** the other hand,crude protein(CP)(9.86%),organic matter(OM)(91.65%)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(88.06%)in PK silage did not differ with BN-3 *** matter intake(DMI)and crude protein intake(CPI)from PK silage(2.25 kg/day/animal and 0.22 kg/day/animal)were significantly *** of DM(55.07%),CP(62.35%),OM(57.85%),total ash(30.89%),ADF(73.02%)and NDF(78.19%)for PK silage were significantly higher.N-intake(35.57 g/d)from PK silage was significantly higher,although,N-retention did not differ *** were no significant differences in weight gain of calves fed PK(117 g/d)and BN-3(68 g/d).It can be concluded that PK silage is comparatively better than BN-3 in respect to biomass yield,digestibility and nutrient utilization in growing bull calves.

关键词： PK silage BN-3 silage biomass yield nutrient utilization

A brief review on natural fiber used as a replacement of synthetic fiber in polymer composites

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Materials Engineering Research 2019年第2期1卷 86-97页

作者： Fatin I. Mahir Kamrun N. Keya Bijoyee sarker Khandakar M. Nahiun ruhul A. Khan Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research Nayarhat Savar Dhaka 1350 Bangladesh

The use of composites in different sectors has become inevitable due to the enhancement in properties, reduction in the manufacturing cost and suitability to several applications. Among different classifications, polymeric composites are mainly focused on their use as structural components and the selection and composition of reinforcement play a vital role in determining the characteristics of the composite. Although composites are developed with man-made reinforcement in the beginning stage, in the present situation, natural reinforcements have proved excellent results in terms of properties. Hence, nowadays researches are mainly focused on the use of different natural fibers in different forms as reinforcements in polymeric composite. This work presents a brief overview on the properties of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites which is an emerging area in polymer science. Interests in natural fiber is reasonable due to the advantages of these materials compared to others, such as synthetic fiber composites, including low environmental impact and low cost and support their potential to be used. Moreover, the disadvantage of the synthetic and fiber-glass as reinforcement, the use of natural fiber reinforced composite gained the attention of the young scientists, researchers, and engineers and are being exploited as a replacement for the conventional fiber such as glass, aramid, carbon etc. Natural fibers have been proven alternative to synthetic fiber in transportation such as automobiles, railway coaches and aerospace, military, building, packaging, consumer products and construction industries for ceiling paneling, partition boards etc. However, in development of these composites, some drawbacks have also emerged. In this paper, it has been tried to overview all of this together.

关键词： natural fiber synthetic fiber polymer composite composite and bio-degradable

Genome-Wide Analysis for Yield-Related Agronomic and Biochemical Traits of Chinese and Bangladeshi Grass Pea Genotypes Using SSR Markers

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1781-1804页

作者： Md.Mosiur Rahman Md.ruhul Quddus Quanle Xu Muhammad Malek Hossain Rong Liu Mengwei Li Xin Yan Guan Li Yishan Ji Chenyu Wang Ashutosh sarker Tao Yang Xuxiao Zong Md.Monoar Hossain Saleh Alfarraj Mohammad Javed Ansari Sagar Maitra Akbar Hossain Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China Pulses Research Center Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Gazipur1701Bangladesh Hybrid Rice Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute(BRRI)Gazipur1701Bangladesh Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University Yangling712199China International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) New Delhi110012India Wheat Breeding Division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Hindu College Moradabad(Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand UniversityBareilly)Moradabad244001India Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry Centurion University of Technology and ManagementOdisha761211India Soil Science Division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh

Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.)is an imperative food crop cultured in dryland agricultural *** is a vital source of dietary protein to millions of populaces living in low-income countries in South-East Asia and *** study highlights the improvement of genomic properties and their application in marker-trait relationships for 17 yield-related characters in 400 grass pea genotypes from China and *** characters were assessed via 56 polymorphic markers using general linear model(GLM)(P+G+Q)and mixed linear model(MLM)(P+G+Q+K)in the tassel software based on the linkage disequilibrium and population structure *** structure analysis showed two major groups and one admixed group in the *** significant loci pairs of linkage disequilibrium(LD)mean value(D′)was 0.479.A total of 99 and 61 marker-trait associations in GLM and MLM models allied to the 17 traits were accepted at a 5%level of *** these markers,21 markers were associated with more than one trait;12 marker-trait associations passed the Bonferroni correction *** models found six markers C41936,C39067,C34100,C47146,C47638,and C43047 significantly associated with days to maturity,flower color,plant height,and seed per pod were detected in the Hebei and Liaoyang location(p≤0.01),and the interpretation rate(R^(2)value)11.2%to 43.6%.Conferring to the consequences,the association analysis methodology may operative system for quantitative,qualitative,and biochemical traits related to gene position mapping and support breeders in improving novel approaches for advancing the grass pea quality.

关键词： Grass pea dryland agriculture genome-wide association yield contributing traits SSR markers