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Approach for C1 to C2 products commencing.from carbon dioxide: A brief review

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PETROLEUM 2024年第3期10卷 373-398页

作者： Dey, g. R. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr Radiat & Photochem Div Mumbai 400085 India Homi Bhabha Natl Inst Mumbai 400094 India

The carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to useable compounds remains a g.eat contest to scientists, eng.neers, and environmentalists with reg.rd to the reverse of the oxidative deg.adation of org.nics. This conversion is essential for the development of complementary fuels and raw materials for various industries, which in turn will help in avoiding.the drastic increase in tropospheric temperature due to g.eenhouse effect leading.to g.obal warming. The solar energ. is the earth's essential power source along.with the other various forms of energ. for example fossil fuels, hydropower, wind, and biomaterials, etc. The final g.al is to establish the artificial photosynthesis, which can be replicated thru various chemical reduction techniques of CO2 by employing.appropriate photo-, thermal- and electro-catalysts in order to produce different one carbon atom (C-1) and hig.er carbon atoms containing.products. Besides, the utilization of clean and sustainable CO2 towards hig.-value products is of g.eat interest today due to the recog.ized environmental worries and subsequent lessening.of the fossil fuels utilization load to meet the energ. demand of mankind. This way, solar energ. can directly and/or indirectly be altered and stored in chemical energ. form for industrial as well as societal applications. In this article our endeavor is to summarize the advances in CO2 chemical reduction research area till date especially in free radical-based methods such as electrochemical, photochemical and plasma chemical for the development of carbon species up to two carbon (C-2) atoms containing.products perceived in the chemical reduction of CO2. The author hopes that this piece of work will be helpful to researchers and readers who are focused on the field of CO2.

关键词： Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis Plasmolysis Thermolysis Carbon dioxide Chemical reduction PHOTOCATALYTIC CO2 REDUCTION g.S SHIFT REACTION METAL-ORg.NIC FRAMEWORKS EFFICIENT ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARg.S ION-EXCHANg. MEMBRANES FORMIC-ACID ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE ROOM-TEMPERATURE

Recycled g.aphite for more sustainable lithium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energ. 2024年第5期6卷 15-24页

作者： Mayokun Olutog.n Anna Vanderbrug.en Christoph Frey Martin rudolph Dominic Bresser Stefano Passerini Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) Ulm g.rmany Karlsruhe Institute of Technolog.(KIT) KarlsruheGermany Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(HZDR) Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology(HIF)FreibergGermany Prog.aphite g.bH UntergriesbachGermany Chemistry Department Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

The demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is driven larg.ly by their use in electric vehicles,which is projected to increase dramatically in the *** g.eat success,however,urg.ntly calls for the efficient recycling.of LIBs at the end of their ***,we describe a froth flotation-based process to recycle g.aphite—the predominant active material for the neg.tive electrode—from spent LIBs and investig.te its reuse in newly assembled *** has been found that the structure and morpholog. of the recycled g.aphite are essentially unchang.d compared to pristine commercial anode-g.ade g.aphite,and despite some minor impurities from the recycling.process,the recycled g.aphite provides a remarkable reversible specific capacity of more than 350 mAh g.(−1).Even more importantly,newly assembled g.aphite‖NMC532 cells show excellent cycling.stability with a capacity retention of 80%after 1000 cycles,that is,comparable to the performance of reference full cells comprising.pristine commercial g.aphite.

关键词： anode g.aphite lithium-ion battery recycling sustainability

Enhanced heavy and extra heavy oil recovery: Current status and new trends

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PETROLEUM 2024年第3期10卷 399-410页

作者： g.maa, Sayed Salem, Khalaf g. El-hoshoudy, A. N. Al Azhar Univ Fac Engn Min & Petr Engn Dept Cairo Egypt South Valley Eg.ptian Petr Holding.Co g.NOPE Dept Reservoir Engn Cairo Egypt Eg.ptian Petr Res Inst PVT Lab Prod Dept Cairo 11727 Egypt Eg.ptian Petr Res Inst EPRI PVT Serv Ctr Cairo 11727 Egypt

Due to the increased demand for energ. resources these days, especially due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the focus of the major countries is turning.strong.y towards improving.oil production, especially heavy and extra heavy oil, which represents 40% of the world oil reserve. Steam-based and thermal (EOR) procedures are promising.techniques for recovering.heavy oil reservoirs, but they suffer from a sequence of problems and complications that arise after long.term application. These complications comprise steam breakthroug., steam overlap, and steam/rock interactions. This research presents the currently applied techniques to maximize the productivity of heavy oil, such as steam injection, cyclic steam stimulation, in-situ combustion, and steam-assisted g.avity drainag.. Thermal technolog.es face numerous obstacles, as they are energ. and water-intensive processes that are not environmentally friendly. The research also presents future trends in energ.-saving.and environmentally friendly techniques that enhance heavy oil recovery throug. vapor extraction (VAPEX) steam-solvent hybrid techniques, electromag.etic energ., sonication, and nanotechnolog.. The finding. of this review reported that all the presented techniques focus on how to reduce the oil viscosity and in-situ upg.ade the crude oil properties. In turn, these enhance both the productivity rate and oil recovery and minimize the production cost. This article can be considered a comprehensive review of thermal recovery methods in heavy and extra-heavy oil, in addition to screening.criteria used for each method. (c) 2023 Southwest Petroleum University. Publishing.services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// ***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery Heavy crude oil Steam flood Hybrid techniques Nanotechnolog. IN-SITU-COMBUSTION ASSISTED g.AVITY-DRAINAg. CYCLIC-STEAM-STIMULATION ROCK WETTABILITY VAPOR EXTRACTION INJECTION PERFORMANCE BITUMEN SAg. EOR

Photometric Studies of EV Cnc and AH Cnc in the Open Cluster M67

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 196-211页

作者： Mamatha Rani g. K.Sriram Deblina Lahiri Vijaya,A. Department of Astronomy Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India

Contact binaries at various stag.s of evolution unveil various operating.mechanisms that drive *** report the photometric and period variation analysis of two contact binaries EV Cnc and AH Cnc in open cluster *** observed the cluster from the JCBT 1.3 m telescope and utilized TESS and Kepler *** photometric solutions of EV Cnc and AH Cnc revealed a mass ratio of q~0.41 and~0.15 with an inclination of i=42°and87°*** solutions sug.est that EV Cnc is probably a semi-detached and AH Cnc is a deep low-mass ratio contact *** study of O-C variation analysis indicates that for both systems,the period is increasing.which sug.ests the mass transfer is occurring.from secondary to *** the case of AH Cnc and based on simulations by randomly varying.the time of minima to fit the LITE solution,we noted the third body orbital period to be around P_(3)=26.82±2.54 yr,which is different from earlier reported values and conclude that future observations are required to confirm this *** compare these two systems with other similar contact binaries to g.t an estimate of the final config.ration of the respective systems.

关键词： (stars)binaries(including.multiple) close-(stars)binaries eclipsing.stars activity

Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee Kim rudolph ETanzi Se Hoon Choi g.netics and Ag.ng.Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is g.nerated by cleavag. of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing.protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions ag.inst Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving.cog.itive function and reducing.amyloid-β and tau patholog.es as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Althoug. current and ong.ing.studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising.results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaning.ul therapeutic targ.t for alleviating.Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β patholog. by increasing.the activity/levels of amyloid-β-deg.ading.enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms ag.inst Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing.protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

Experimental study on the effect of micro-carbon additives in veg.table oils for aquifer thermal energ. storag.

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CLEAN ENERg. 2024年第2期8卷 48-59页

作者： Suzuki, Takashi Ichiyanag., Mitsuhisa Yilmaz, Emir Maxwell, Archie g. K. Ang.raini Handoyo, Ekadewi Sophia Univ Dept Engn & Appl Sci 7-1 Kioi ChoChiyoda Ku Tokyo 1028554 Japan Sophia Univ Grad Sch Sci & Technol 7-1 Kioi ChoChiyoda Ku Tokyo 1028554 Japan Petra Christian Univ Dept Mech Engn Siwalankerto 121-131 Surabaya 60291 Indonesia

Aquifer thermal energ. storag. is a versatile method for reg.lating.building.temperatures, utilizing.g.oundwater as a medium for both summer cooling.and winter heating. Water has hig. thermal conductivity and specific heat but is corrosive, creating.a mineral build-up that causes scaling. Additionally, its hig. freezing.point presents operational challeng.s. Veg.table oils emerg. as a promising.alternative, owing.to their lower freezing.points. In lig.t of environmental concerns, researchers are exploring.veg.table oils as substitutes for petroleum-derived mineral oils. This paper is intended as an initial study using.veg.table oils, i.e. coconut and sunflower oil, as the heat-transfer medium in aquifer thermal energ. storag.. The experiments assess the heat-transfer coefficient of coconut, sunflower, mineral, and synthetic oils when exposed to the same heat source. The study also evaluates the impact of introducing.micro-carbon (g.aphite and charcoal) to the oils. Results indicate that sunflower oil has the hig.est heat-transfer coefficient of 374.4 W/m2 K among.the oils, making.it suitable for aquifer thermal energ. storag. applications. Furthermore, aug.enting.sunflower oil with charcoal powder enhances its performance by increasing.the heat-transfer coefficient to 474.9 W/m2 K, or a 27% increase. In contrast, coconut oil proves unsuitable for aquifer thermal energ. storag. deployment because of its low heat-transfer coefficient of 293.7 W/m2 K. The heat-transfer coefficient of synthetic oil increases with g.aphite powder but decreases with charcoal powder introduction. The use of veg.table oils as the heat-transfer medium in aquifer thermal energ. storag. is studied experimentally to assess the heat-transfer coefficients of coconut, sunflower, mineral and synthetic oils. The study also evaluates the impact of introducing.micro-carbon (g.aphite and charcoal) to the oils. g.aphical Abstract

关键词： sunflower oil aquifer thermal energ. storag. charcoal g.aphite veg.table oil COCONUT OIL PERFORMANCE

Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Oxyg.nated Diesel in DI Eng.nes: A Critical Review

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Journal of Power and Energ. Eng.neering 2024年第6期12卷 16-49页

作者： Joseph Lung. Lennox Siwale rudolph Joe Kashing. School of Eng.neering The Copperbelt University Riverside Campus Kitwe Zambia

The transition from non-renewable to renewable energ. sources is a sig.ificant challeng. of our time. In the fuel industry, oxyg.nated additives such as butanol are transforming.conventional fuels into renewable biofuels. This technolog. has been utilized in reciprocating.eng.nes for decades. This paper reviews the viability of using.an n-butanol blend as a short-term replacement for diesel by analyzing.its physical and chemical properties, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in compression ig.ition (CI) eng.nes under various conditions, including.variable load, speed, acceleration, and both stationary and transient cycles. N-Butanol exhibits hig.er viscosity, better lubricity, hig.er heating.value, improved blend stability, enhanced cold-flow properties, and hig.er density. These factors influence spray formation, injection timing. atomization, and combustion characteristics. Its hig.er oxyg.n content improves the diffusion combustion stag. and efficiency. Adding.5% and 10% n-butanol to diesel increases pressure and apparent heat release rate, slig.tly reduces temperature, and improves thermal efficiency, with mixed effects on CO and THC emissions and a notable decrease in particulate matter emissions. Fuel consumption increases, while the impact on NOx emissions varies. A 10% butanol blend is considered optimal for enhancing.performance and reducing.particulate emissions without sig.ificantly affecting.NOx emissions. Blending.up to 40% butanol with diesel does not require eng.ne modifications or ECU recalibrations in eng.nes calibrated for pure diesel. Due to its advantag.ous properties and performance, n-butanol is recommended as a superior alcohol-diesel blend than ethanol for short-term diesel replacement.

关键词： Diesel Eng.ne Alcohol Additives N-Butanol Combustion and Properties

Artificial-intellig.nt-powered safety and efficiency improvement for controlling.and scheduling.in integ.ated railway systems

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Hig.-speed Railway 2024年第3期2卷 172-179页

作者： Liu J. Liu g. Wang.Y. Zhang.W. Beijing.National Railway Research & Desig. Institute of Sig.al & Communication g.oup Co. Ltd Beijing 100070 China Eng.neering.Research Center of Railway Industry of Intellig.nt and Autonomous Train Control Beijing 100070 China

The multi-mode integ.ated railway system, anchored by the hig.-speed railway, caters to the diverse travel requirements both within and between cities, offering.safe, comfortable, punctual, and eco-friendly transportation services. With the expansion of the railway networks, enhancing.the efficiency and safety of the comprehensive system has become a crucial issue in the advanced development of railway transportation. In lig.t of the prevailing.application of artificial intellig.nce technolog.es within railway systems, this study leverag.s larg. model technolog. characterized by robust learning.capabilities, efficient associative abilities, and linkag. analysis to propose an Artificial-intellig.nt (AI)-powered railway control and dispatching.system. This system is elaborately desig.ed with four core functions, including.g.obal optimum unattended dispatching. synerg.tic transportation in multiple modes, hig.-speed automatic control, and precise maintenance decision and execution. The deployment pathway and essential tasks of the system are further delineated, along.ide the challeng.s and obstacles encountered. The AI-powered system promises a sig.ificant enhancement in the operational efficiency and safety of the composite railway system, ensuring.a more effective alig.ment between transportation services and passeng.r demands. © 2024 Beijing.Jiaotong.University

关键词： Artificial intellig.nce Hig.-speed railway Larg.-scale mode, system framework Multi-mode railway system Safety and efficiency improvement

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yang.iding.Wang.Da Yang.g.rman Varg.s g. g.ang.ou Hao Jennifer S.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang.Yunbing.Zhang.Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecolog. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biolog.cal Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecolog. and Manag.ment Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecolog. Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying.how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insig.t into diverg.nce in ecophysiolog.cal strateg.es among.plant functional g.oups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and everg.een woody species contributes to physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investig.ted 11 photosynthetic, morpholog.cal and hydraulic traits of 24 species including.8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 everg.een species. Deciduous species were g.ouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with hig. values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while everg.een species were g.ouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with hig. photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turg.r loss point and water potential causing.50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species g.nerally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiolog.cal characteristics when compared to deciduous and everg.een species. The physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs showed a close linkag. to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our finding. clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strateg.es among.diverse savanna plants, sug.esting.a syndrome in multiple ecophysiolog. strateg.es across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat g.s exchang. Hydraulics Phenolog. Tolerance Valley savanna