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IgE-Mast cell mediated allergy: a sensor of food quality

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： Christopher C.Udoye rudolf A.Manz Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research University of LübeckLübeckGermany

In two recent studies published in Nature,Florsheim et *** Plum et *** that allergic-specific reactions induced by immunoglobulin(Ig)E mediated mast cell activation is crucial for the timely induction of antigen-avoidance behaviour.1,2 These studies prove the concept that allergic sensitization triggers the formation of avoidance behaviour and define the underlying molecular mechanism.

关键词： allergic mechanism

“2023中国国际食品安全与质量控制大会”特约专栏介绍（陈君石，rudolf Krska）

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粮油食品科技 2024年第4期 7-17页

作者：陈君石 rudolf Krska 中国国家食品安全风险评估中心维也纳自然资源和生命科学大学农业生物技术系生物分析和农业代谢组学研究所贝尔法斯特皇后大学生物科学学院全球食品安全研究所

序——“2023中国国际食品安全与质量控制（CIFSQ）大会”特约专栏很高兴受《粮油食品科技》期刊编辑部邀请与国际著名食品安全专家、奥地利维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学rudolf Krska教授共同主持源于2023年在北京召开的中国国际食品...

序——“2023中国国际食品安全与质量控制（CIFSQ）大会”特约专栏很高兴受《粮油食品科技》期刊编辑部邀请与国际著名食品安全专家、奥地利维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学rudolf Krska教授共同主持源于2023年在北京召开的中国国际食品安全与质量控制（CIFSQ）大会的期刊专栏，并为之作序。由于食品产业链日益复杂和国际食品贸易不断发展，食品安全已成为一个长久的国际性话题。应对食品安全的挑战，必须遵循以科学为基础的社会共治，即政府、科学家、企业、媒体和全社会的共同努力。各种形式的学术交流，包括会议、杂志等，对推动食品安全进步具有重要作用。

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Tuning the crystallinity of titanium nitride on copper-embedded carbon nanofiber interlayers for accelerated electrochemical kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 40-55页

作者： Yinyu Xiang Liqiang Lu Feng Yan Debarun Sengupta Petra rudolf Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli Yutao Pei Advanced Production Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

The development of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is hindered by the disadvantages of shuttling of polysulfides and the sluggish redox kinetics of the conversion of sulfur species during discharge and ***,the crystallinities of a titanium nitride(TiN)film on copper-embedded carbon nanofibers(Cu-CNFs)are regulated and the nanofibers are used as interlayers to resolve the aforementioned crucial issues.A low-crystalline TiN-coated Cu-CNF(L-TiN-Cu-CNF)interlayer is compared with its highly crystalline counterpart(H-TiN-Cu-CNFs).It is demonstrated that the L-TiN coating not only strengthens the chemical adsorption toward polysulfides but also greatly accelerates the electrochemical conversion of *** to robust carbon frameworks and enhanced kinetics,impressive highrate performance at 2 C(913 mAh g^(-1)based on sulfur)as well as remarkable cyclic stability up to 300 cycles(626 mAh g^(-1))with capacity retention of 46.5%is realized for L-TiN-Cu-CNF interlayer-configured Li-S *** under high loading(3.8 mg cm^(-2))of sulfur and relatively lean electrolyte(10μL electrolyte per milligram sulfur)conditions,the Li-S battery equipped with L-TiN-Cu-CNF interlayers delivers a high capacity of 1144 mAh g^(-1)with cathodic capacity of 4.25 mAh cm^(-2)at 0.1 C,providing a potential pathway toward the design of multifunctional interlayers for highly efficient Li-S batteries.

关键词： crystallinity electrochemical kinetics interlayer lithium-sulfur batteries titanium nitride

Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li Paul F.Goldsmith Jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai rudolf Schieder Gary J.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

从欧洲视角探究食物中天然毒素对健康的潜在长期风险

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粮油食品科技 2024年第4期32卷 1-15页

作者： rudolf KRSKA Christoph BUESCHL Mari ESKOLA Chris ELLIOTT 李冰杰(译) 维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学生物分析与农业代谢组学研究所农业生物技术系奥地利图尔恩3430 贝尔法斯特女王大学生物科学学院全球食品安全研究所英国北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特BT95DL Medifiles临床实验有限公司芬兰万塔01640 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮油质量安全研究所

食品中完全无毒素的理念往往更接近于一种理想化的幻想而非现实。为辨别并优先处理长期摄入食品累积的有害物质,特别是天然毒素带来的健康风险,我们开展了一项针对性研究。通过审查100多项主要由欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)开展的欧洲层面的... 详细信息

食品中完全无毒素的理念往往更接近于一种理想化的幻想而非现实。为辨别并优先处理长期摄入食品累积的有害物质,特别是天然毒素带来的健康风险,我们开展了一项针对性研究。通过审查100多项主要由欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)开展的欧洲层面的风险评估研究来评估食品供应的安全性。深入探讨了欧洲消费者长期接触的食品中潜在天然毒素对健康的影响,以及关于特定毒素的研究发现。此外,尝试对长期接触与公众健康有关的食品化学污染物所构成的风险进行排名。黄曲霉毒素被列为食品中第三大重要的化学污染物,因其具有很强的致癌能力,会导致人类患肝癌,加之欧洲谷物类食品消费量高,导致了高风险。虽然吡啶碱类物质具有基因毒性和致癌性,但由于人类接触这类植物毒素的来源有限——例如通过茶、蜂蜜或草药,它们在榜单中仅排第五。

关键词：欧洲视角天然毒素食品供应安全性风险评估

Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期2卷 80-87页

作者： Yunchao Su rudolf Lucas David J.R.Fulton Alexander D.Verin Department of Pharmacology&Toxicology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of MedicineMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA Vascular Biology Center Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA Research Service Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAugustaGA 30912USA

Endothelial cells(ECs)form a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and the un-derlying *** endothelial barrier integrity is maintained through coordinated cellular processes involving receptors,signaling molecules,junctional complexes,and protein-regulated cytoskeletal *** acute lung injury(ALI)or its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),the loss of endothelial barrier integrity secondary to endothelial dysfunction caused by severe pulmonary inflamma-tion and/or infection leads to pulmonary edema and ***-inflammatory agonists such as histamine,thrombin,bradykinin,interleukin 1𝛽,tumor necrosis factor𝛼,vascular endothelial growth factor,angiopoietin-2,and platelet-activating factor,as well as bacterial toxins and reactive oxygen species,cause dynamic changes in cytoskeletal structure,adherens junction disorganization,and detachment of vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin)from the actin cytoskeleton,leading to an increase in endothelial *** interactions with leukocytes,platelets,and coagulation enhance the inflammatory ***,inflammatory infil-tration and the associated generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection cause EC death,resulting in further compromise of the structural integrity of lung endothelial *** the use of potent antibiotics and aggressive intensive care support,the mortality of ALI is still high,because the mechanisms of pulmonary EC barrier disruption are not fully *** this review,we summarized recent advances in the studies of endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization,inter-endothelial junctions,endothelial inflammation,EC death,and endothelial repair in ALI and ARDS,intending to shed some light on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the clinical management of the disease.

关键词： Lung Endothelium Pulmonary edema Acute lung injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome

孕期传统和新兴真菌毒素暴露的胚胎发育毒性及其生物监测的研究现状

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粮油食品科技 2024年第4期32卷 16-23页

作者：韩小敏叶金纪剑徐文静吴宇叶永丽 rudolf KRSKA 孙秀兰白莉国家食品安全风险评估中心北京100022 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮油质量安全研究所北京100037 江南大学食品学院江苏无锡214122 维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学生物分析与农业代谢组学研究所农业生物技术系奥地利图尔恩3430 贝尔法斯特女王大学生物科学学院全球食品安全研究所英国北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特BT95DL

真菌毒素是某些真菌菌种在特定条件下产生的有毒次级代谢产物。研究发现多种真菌毒素的联合暴露可引起胎儿发育迟缓、胚胎停育甚至流产等胚胎发育毒性。目前,尚没有关于孕期真菌毒素暴露对宫内胎儿胚胎发育毒性的影响和生物监测情况的... 详细信息

真菌毒素是某些真菌菌种在特定条件下产生的有毒次级代谢产物。研究发现多种真菌毒素的联合暴露可引起胎儿发育迟缓、胚胎停育甚至流产等胚胎发育毒性。目前,尚没有关于孕期真菌毒素暴露对宫内胎儿胚胎发育毒性的影响和生物监测情况的系统报道。因此,为预防和降低孕期真菌毒素暴露带来的危害,本文梳理了孕期传统真菌毒素如黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮和新兴真菌毒素如交链孢毒素、白僵菌素和恩镰孢菌素等暴露引起的胚胎发育毒性,以及以生物标志物如暴露标志物和效应标志物为基础的生物监测技术的研究现状。

关键词：孕期传统和新兴真菌毒素胚胎发育毒性生物监测

On Problems with Downscaling in Internal Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第4期14卷 305-307页

作者： rudolf DVO■K Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicDolejskova 5Prague 18200 Czech Republic

Problems that may accompany downscaling in internal flows are discussed. Non-dimensional similarity parameters （like Re, M, etc.） depend on parameters that scale down fully （e.g., length）, or that are specified by design （velocities, cascade geometry）, or that are scale invariant （like thermophysical and transport properties of fluids）.This fact has to be taken into acount in the similarity considerations. With decreasing Reynolds number the surface forces become of growing importance, however, if not going down directly to microflows the main problems are connected with the three-dimensional flow structure affecting the skin friction, and with the fact that some of the flow phenomena （e.g. vortical structures） cannot fully develop.

关键词： relatively narrow channels secondary flows skin friction microturbines.

Secondary Flow Effects in Relatively Narrow Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第3期12卷 209-213,238页

作者： rudolf Dvo■ák Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 182 00 Prague The Czech Republic

Secondary flow effects were discussed in numerous papers at the past ISAIF Symposia, mainly in connection with turbine or compressor cascades. This paper will complement these papers by looking at the problem from the channel (or blade passages) geometry point of view. If we describe as secondary flows any flows in planes perpendicular to the main flow direction, then there are at least three kinds of secondary flows in a typical turbine rotor cascade:-secondary flows of the 1st kind, generated by centrifugal forces in closed curved channels,-secondary flows of the 2nd kind, generated by interacting boundary layers, mainly in corners (this will include even the horseshoe vortices),-secondary flows due to mass inflow through the tip clearance.Quite often all the secondary flow vortices merge downstream into a passage vortex with a non-negligible contribution to the channel (cascade) losses, and it is worth investigating the individual contributions to these losses to take them into account in the design procedure.

关键词： channel flows secondary flows flow separation.