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Designing the new generation of intelligent biocompatible carriers for protein and peptide delivery

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2018年第2期8卷 147-164页

作者： Angela m.Wagner margaret P.Gran Nicholas A.Peppas mcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Institute for biomaterials Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine The University of Texas at Austin Department of biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Division of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy The University of Texas at Austin

Therapeutic proteins and peptides have revolutionized treatment for a number of diseases, and the expected increase in macromolecule-based therapies brings a new set of challenges for the pharmaceutics field. Due to their poor stability, large molecular weight, and poor transport properties,therapeutic proteins and peptides are predominantly limited to parenteral administration. The short serum half-lives typically require frequent injections to maintain an effective dose, and patient compliance is a growing issue as therapeutic protein treatments become more widely available. A number of studies have underscored the relationship of subcutaneous injections with patient non-adherence, estimating that over half of insulin-dependent adults intentionally skip injections. The development of oral formulations has the potential to address some issues associated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities, embarrassment, and injection pain. Oral delivery can also help to eliminate the adverse effects and scar tissue buildup associated with repeated injections. However, there are several major challenges associated with oral delivery of proteins and peptides, such as the instability in the gastrointestinal(gi)tract, low permeability, and a narrow absorption window in the intestine. This review provides a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and associated challenges. Recent advances in formulation and drugdelivery technologies to enhance bioavailability are discussed, including the co-administration of compounds to alter conditions in the gi tract, the modification of the macromolecule physicochemical properties, and the use of improved targeted and controlled release carriers.

关键词： Oral delivery Hydrogels Protein delivery Peptide delivery Carbohydrates mucoadhesion

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Effect of the Various Processed Food of the Far North Cameroon on the Glycemic Index

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 779-786页

作者： benoit b.Koubala Germain Kansci Abdoulaye N.P.Fifen Angèle I.Ngoufack Yvette C.m.Dadjeu Department of Life and Earth Sciences University of MarouaMarouaCameroon Department of biochemistry University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon

metabolic Syndrome (mS) has reached a pandemic proportion and has an impact on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular pathologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different processed food commonly consumed in maroua (Far North Region, Cameroon) on the Glycemic Index (gi). To ameliorate the follow up of mS and population’s nutrition education, a survey was conducted among 200 families. The ten most consumed meals were selected after a food survey among 200 families. The meals were mostly made of a vegetable soup associated to a high carbohydrate staple. Vegetables and cereals were processed according to the food survey results. Then, a food tolerance test was performed on 30 male volunteers living in the same region. Among them, 12 were selected with an average age of 28.25 and a mean bmI of 19.63. They were studied on separate occasions in the morning after an overnight fast. After fasting, blood glucose was taken before and (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) after eating a test meal compared to sucrose and glucose solution (33.33%) used as reference. Glycemic response curves were used to calculate the gi of each meal. Results show that gi of the tested meals varied significantly (p between 20 and 79. Red millet porridge with kelenkelen-beans (Cochorus oletorius-Vigna unguiculata) sauce and red millet porridge with kelenkelen-peanut (Cochorus oletorius-Arachis hypogea) sauce exhibited the lowest gi. The highest gi was observed in corn porridge associated with fresh okra (Hibuscus esculentus) or with tasba (Cassia tora)-okra-beans sauce.

关键词： Food Processing meals Glycemic Index Glycemia Far North Cameroon

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Pyrrolidine dithiocarb.m.te reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7308-7313页

作者： Ismail H mallick Wen-Xuan Yang marc C Winslet Alexander m Seifalian gi and Hepatobiliary Research Unit University Department of Surgery Royal Free and University College Medical School University College London LondonUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital Hampstead NHS Trust London United Kingdom

AIm： To evaluate whether pyrrolidine dithiocarb.m.te （PDTC）, an enhancer of HO production, attenuates intestinal IR injury. mETHODS： Eighteen male rats were randomly allocated into three groups：（a） sham; （b） IR, consisting of 30 min of intestinal ischemia, followed by 2-h period of reperfusion; and （c） PDTC treatment before IR. Intestinal microvascular perfusion （ImP） was monitored continuously by laser Doppler flowmetry. At the end of the reperfusion, serum samples for lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels and biopsies of ileum were obtained. HO activity in the ileum was assessed at the end of the reperfusion period. RESULTS： At the end of the reperfusion in the IR group, ImP recovered partially to 42.5% of baseline （P〈0.05 vs sham）, whereas PDTC improved ImP to 67.3% of baseline （P〈0.01 vs IR）. There was a twofold increase in HO activity in PDTC group （2 062.66±106.11） as compared to IR （842.3±85.12）（P〈0.001）. LDH was significantly reduced （P〈0.001） in PDTC group （585.6±102.4） as compared to IR group （1 973.8±306.5）. Histological examination showed that the ileal mucosa was significantly less injured in PDTC group as compared with IR group. CONCLUSION： Our study demonstrates that PDTC improves the ImP and attenuates IR injury of the intestine possibly via HO production. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PDTC in the prevention of IR injury of the small intestine.

关键词： Intestine Ischemia-reperfusion injury Heme oxygenase Pyrrolidine

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Improved measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance at Daya bay

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Chinese Physics C 2013年第1期37卷 1-20页

作者：安丰鹏安琪白景芝 A.b.balantekin H.R.band W.beriguete m.bishai S.blyth R.L.brown 曹国富曹俊 R.Carr W.T.Chan 常劲帆 Y.Chang C.Chasman 陈和生 H.Y.Chen 陈申见陈少敏陈潇聪陈晓辉陈晓苏陈羽陈义学 J.J.Cherwinka 朱明中 J.P.Cummings 邓子艳丁雅韵 m.V.Diwan E.Draeger 杜小峰 D.Dwyer W.R.Edwards S.R.Ely 方绍东付金煜付在伟葛良全 R.L.gi11 m.Gonchar 龚光华宫辉 Y.A.Gornushkin 顾文强关梦云郭新恒 R.W.Hackenburg R.L.Hahn S.Hans 郝慧峰何苗贺青 K.m.Heeger 衡月昆 P.Hinrichs Y.K.Hor Y.b.Hsiung b.z.Hu 胡涛黄翰雄 H.z.Huang 黄性涛 P.Huber V.Issakov z.Isvan D.E.Jaffe S.Jetter 季筱璐季向盼姜海静焦健斌 R.A.Johnson 康丽 S.H.Kettell m.Kramer 关健强郭文伟郭人能 C.Y.Lai 赖万昌 W.H.Lai K.Lau L.Lebanowski J.Lee 雷瑞霆 R.Leitner 梁干庄梁嘉怡 C.A.Lewis 李飞李高嵩李秋菊李卫东李小波李小男李学潜李仪李志斌梁昊林政儒 C.L.Lin S.K.Lin 林延畅凌家杰 J.m.Link L.Littenberg b.R.Littlejohn D.W.Liu 刘金昌刘江来刘颖彪陆昌国路浩奇陆永康 K.b.Luk 马秋梅马续波马骁妍马宇蒨 K.T.mcDonald m.C.mcFarlane R.D.mcKeown Y.meng D.mohapatra Y.Nakajima J.Napolitano D.Naumov I.Nemchenok 倪浩然 W.K.Ngai 聂阳波宁哲 J.P.Ochoa-Ricoux A.Olshevski S.Patton V.Pec J.C.Peng L.E.Piilonen L.Pinsky 潘振声齐法制祁鸣钱鑫 N.Raper 任杰 R.Rosero b.Roskovec 阮锡超邵贝贝师恺 H.Steiner 孙功星孙吉良 N.Tagg 谭耀豪 H.K.Tanaka 唐晓 H.Themann Y.Torun S.Trentalange O.Tsai K.V.Tsang R.H.m.Tsang C.E.Tull Y.C.Tung b.Viren V.Vorobe1 C.H.Wang 王灵淑王玲玉王龙泽王萌王乃彦王瑞光 W.Wang 王玺王贻芳王喆王铮王志民 D.m.Webber 魏瀚宇魏亚东温良剑 K.Whisnant C.G.White L.Whitehead Y.Williamson T.Wise H.L.H.Wong E.T.Worcester F.F.Wu 吴群习建博夏冬梅邢志忠徐建一徐晶徐吉磊徐晔薛涛杨长根杨雷叶梅 m.Yeh Y.S.Yeh b.L.Young 于泽源占亮 C.Zhang 章飞虹张家文张清民张书华张一纯张银鸿张一心张志坚张子平张智勇赵洁赵庆旺赵豫斌郑磊钟玮丽周莉周祖英庄红林邹佳恒 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China University of Wisconsin brookhaven National Laboratory National United University California Institute of Technology Nanjing University Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Univeristy North China Electric Power University Siena College Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Lawrence berkeley National Laboratory Department of Physics University of California Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Chengdu University of Technology Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University beijing Normal University Joseph Henry Laboratories Princeton University Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Tech Department of Physics National Taiwan University Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University China Institute of Atomic Energy University of California Shandong University School of Physics Nankai University University of Cincinnati Dongguan University of Technology Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics University of Houston Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Sun Yat-Sen(Zhongshan)University College of William and mary Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group Iowa State University Xi'an Jiaotong University

We report an improved measurement of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 from the Daya bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. We exclude a zero value for sin22θ13 with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Electron antineutrinos from six reactors of 2.9 GWm th were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near （flux-weighted baselines of 470 m and 576 m） and one far （1648 m） underground experimental halls. Using 139 days of data, 28909 （205308） electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall （near halls）. The ratio of the observed to the expected number of antineutrinos assuming no oscillations at the far hall is 0.944± 0.007（stat.） ± 0.003（syst.）. An analysis of the relative rates in six detectors finds sin22θ13=0.089± 0.010（stat.）±0.005（syst.） in a three-neutrino framework.

关键词： neutrino oscillation neutrino mixing reactor Daya bay

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microbiological parameters and maturity degree during composting of Posidonia oceanica residues mixed with vegetable wastes in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1452-1458页

作者： SAIDI Neyla KOUKI Soulwene m'HIRI Fadhel JEDIDI Naceur mAHROUK meriam HASSEN Abdennaceur OUZARI Hadda Centre of Research and Technology and of Water (CRTW) Treatment and Recycling Laboratory (Pilote plant of El menzah 1) 95-2050 Hammam Lif Tunisia International center of Technology of the Environment boulevard of the leader Yasser Arafet Tunis 1080 Tunisia

The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues （VR） collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica （PoR）, collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches （as well as their removal） constitutes a serious environmental problem in all mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion：（a） C/N ratio 〈 15; （b） NH4^＋-N 〈 400 mg/kg; （c） CO2-C 〈 2000 mg CO2-C/kg; （d） dehydrogenase activity 〈 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; （e） germination index （gi）〉 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N （13.0 g/kg）, P （4.74 g/kg） and mgO （15.80 g/kg）. Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes.

关键词： soil degradation recycling composting organic amendment maturity degree

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A family of double-beauty tetraquarks: Axial-vector state ■

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第1期45卷 71-85页

作者： S.S.Agaev K.Azizi b.barsbay H.Sundu Institute for Physical Problems Baku State University Department of Physics University of Tehran Department of Physics Do?u? University Department of Physics Kocaeli University

The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark ■(in what follows,■ are explored using the quantum chromodynamics(QCD) sum rule *** mass and coupling of this state are calculated using two-point sum rules by taking into account various vacuum condensates,up to 10 *** prediction for the mass of this state m=(10215±250) meV confirms that it is stable with respect to strong and electromagnetic decays and can dissociate to conventional mesons only via weak *** investigate the dominant semileptonic ■ and nonleptonic ■ decays of ■.In these processes,■ is a scalar tetraquark ■ built of a color-triplet diquark and an antidiquark,whereas m is one of the vector mesons ρ~-,K~*(892),D~*(2010)~-,and Ds*-.To calculate the partial widths of these decays,we use the QCD three-point sum rule approach and evaluate the weak transition form factors gi(i=0,1,2,3),which govern these *** full width Γfull=(12.9±2.1) × 10-8meV and the mean lifetime τ=5.1+-0.71+0.99fs of the tetraquark ■ are computed using the aforementioned weak *** obtained information about the parameters of ■ and ■ is useful for experimental investigations of these double-heavy exotic mesons.

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Improving quality of life in self-reported gastrointestinal disorders: An open trial of a food elimination diet guided by the Immunobloodprint food sensitivity test

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2013年第3期3卷 106-113页

作者： Judi m. Woolger Johanna Lopez Angelica b. melillo Eduard Tiozzo Yaima Alonso Soyona Rafatjah Amine Sarabia Susanna m. Leonard Evan G. Long michael Schoor Jared Tannenbaum Janet Konefal John E. Lewis 3Department of Psychiatry & behavioral Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami USA Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Florida International University Miami USA Department of medicine University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami USA Department of Psychiatry & behavioral Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami USA

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IbS) and gastrointestinal (gi) disorders are genuine health problems that have serious consequences on a patient’s quality of life (QoL). IbS is a functional disorder characterized by chronically recurring symptoms, including abdominal pain or discomfort, altered stool frequency and consistency, and abdominal bloating in the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. Studies have indicated that symptoms and disability related to IbS and gi disorders correlate with QoL measures. Additionally, those who respond to therapy have an improvement in QoL. Therefore, we explored an open trial of a food elimination diet guided by the Immunobloodprint food sensitivity test and its effect on QoL in patients self-reporting an unresolved gi disorder. methods: Eighty-four subjects aged 18 and above participated in the study. Subjects eliminated all IgG-mediated reactive foods from their diet for 90 days. QoL was assessed with the Irritable bowel Syndrome-36 (IbS-36) and the medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and 30-, 60-, and 90-day follow-up. The data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results: Subjects had statistically significant improvements in all indicators of QoL according to the IbS-36 and SF-36 from baseline to 90- day follow-up. Conclusions: Subjects with unresolved self-reported gi disorders were able to improve all indicators of QoL in response to eliminating IgG- reactive foods from the diet. given the inconvenience of keeping track of foods and symptoms to eliminate intolerant foods, a food sensitivity test combined with an elimination diet may be an effective method for improving subjective markers of QoL and health.

关键词： gi Disorders Food Sensitivity Testing Elimination Diet Food Intolerance IbS-36 SF-36

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子宫胃肠道间质瘤(giST)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 41-42页

作者： Wingen C.b.m.Pauwels P.A.A Debiec-Rychter m 王雅楠 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospital Maastricht P. Debeyelaan 25 6229 HX Maastricht Netherlands

background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (giST) are mesenchymal tumours which mostly arise in the gastrointestinal tract showing positive CD117 immunohistochemical staining. In recent years, other locations such as the mesentery and the retroperitoneum have been reported. Case. A 77- year- old woman presented with a pelvic mass, raising the suspicion of an ovarian or a uterine tumour. During laparotomy, a ruptured process arising from the uterus was seen and removed. Histologic features, immunophenotype and genotype of the tumour supported the diagnosis of a giST. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a primary giST presenting as a uterine mass. because of recent advances in giST- therapy, making a correct diagnosis has major clinical implications.

关键词：胃肠道间质瘤卵巢肿瘤免疫表型腹膜后腔组织学特征免疫组化染色

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Clinical nutrition in the hepatogastroenterology curriculum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第5期22卷 1729-1735页

作者： Chris JJ mulder Geert JA Wanten Carol E Semrad Palle b Jeppesen Hinke m Kruizenga Nicolette J Wierdsma matthijs E Grasman Adriaan A van bodegraven Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam1007 MD AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center6500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of medicine gi Section The University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States Department of medical Gastroenterology Rigshospitalet University Hospital of Copenhagen2100 KHB CopenhagenDenmark Department of Dietetic VU University Medical Center Amsterdam1081 HZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Internal medicine Gastroenterologyand GeriatricsORBIS Medical Center6130 MB Sittard-GeleenThe Netherlands

Gastroenterology(GE) used to be considered a subspecialty of internal medicine. Today, GE is generally recognized as a wide-ranging specialty incorporating capacities, such as hepatology, oncology and interventional endoscopy, necessitating GEexpert differentiation. Although the European board of Gastroenterology and Hepatology has defined specific expertise areas in Advanced endoscopy, hepatology, digestive oncology and clinical nutrition, training for the latter topic is lacking in the current hepatogastroenterology(HGE) curriculum. given its relevance for HGE practice, and being at the core of gastrointestinal functioning, there is an obvious need for training in nutrition and related issues including the treatment of disease-related malnutrition and obesity and its associated metabolic derangements. This document aims to be a starting point for the integration of nutritional expertise in the HGE curriculum, allowing a central role in the management of malnutrition and obesity. We suggest minimum endpoints for nutritional knowledge and expertise in the standard curriculum and recommend a focus period of training in nutrition issues in order to produce well-trained HGE specialists. This article provides a road map for the organization of such a training program. We would highly welcome the World Gastroenterology Organisation, the European board of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the American Gastroenterology Association and other(inter)national Gastroenterology societies support the necessary certifications for this item in the HGE-curriculum.

关键词： Gastroenterology Training Clinical nutrition malnutrition metabolism Curriculum Targeted therapy Enteral feeding Parenteral feeding Obesity

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Photosynthetic Performance and Potency of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>L. Grown under LED and HPS Illumination

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 293-304页

作者： michael W. Jenkins Curtis b. Livesay Rubisco Research and Consulting Sacramento USA Oaksterdam University Oakland USA Dynamite Ag Inc.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used as an energy efficient alternative to high-pressure sodium (HPS), which have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in cannabis cultivation. However, there is a lack of scientific understanding in the cannabis industry regarding plant physiology, which has resulted in the adoption of cannabis cultivation methods based on hearsay rather than scientific research. The goals of this study were to 1) compare LED lighting options that are commonly used in the cannabis industry and 2) compare the top performing LED light with an industry standard HPS light. Specifically, three LED lights were compared (California Light Works ((SolarSystem 1100), bIOS Lighting (Icarus gi2), and Fluence bioengineering (now Fluence by Osram) (SPYDR xPLUS)), based on light distribution, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic performance indices. The LED versus HPS comparison was based on light response curves measured at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 μmol∙m−2∙s−1), carbon assimilation rates (m>Am>) μmol COb>2b> m−2∙s−1 using a LiCor-6800 and resulting cannabinoid potency (THCA). The SPYDR xPLUS-Fluence by Osram had the highest performing LED light used in the LED comparison. At the suggested distance from bulb to canopy in the HPS versus LED comparison (6 inches for LEDs and 4 ft for HPS), carbon assimilation rates displayed a 142% percent increase in plants grown under LED vs. HPS with average pho

关键词： Cannabis Light-Emitting Diode LED High-Pressure Sodium HPS Carbon Assimilation Light Response Curve Cannabinoid THC Potency

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