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创新时代大学的新使命:欧洲和全球视角下的卓越与可持续发展

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清华大学教育研究 2024年第1期45卷 17-28页

作者：让-克洛德·鲁阿诺-博巴兰彭麒霖(译) 叶赋桂(译) 欧洲教育与社会政策研究所法国清华大学教育研究院北京100084

高等教育的发展前景面临历史、政治和当代的挑战。过去50年来,创新学说对全球产生冲击,影响了公共政策和社会结构,特别是高等教育。知识生产的主导体制也发生重大转变,导致创业型大学、功利性知识和“战略研究”的主导地位。这一范式转... 详细信息

高等教育的发展前景面临历史、政治和当代的挑战。过去50年来,创新学说对全球产生冲击,影响了公共政策和社会结构,特别是高等教育。知识生产的主导体制也发生重大转变,导致创业型大学、功利性知识和“战略研究”的主导地位。这一范式转型催生了大学推动经济和社会发展的“第三使命”的概念兴起。卓越计划等欧洲及其国家的项目表明大学是如何适应并促进国家创新体系的。关于知识生产则有不同的观点,有的强调理性化和生产力,有的重视社会活动对知识生产和环境的复杂后果。

关键词：高等教育转型创新知识生产体制大学的第三使命卓越计划

Effect of rhenium on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Fe–2.25Cr–1.6W–0.25V-0.1C bainitic steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第12期33卷 1487-1493页

作者： José Antonio Jiménez Manuel Carsí Oscar Antonio ruano Department of Physical Metallurgy Centro Nacional de lnvestigaciones MetalurgicasC.S.I.CAvda.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain

A new ferritic creep resistant steel has been developed by eliminating Nb and adding 1.5 mass % Re to a ferritic steel grade T/P23 with the aim of enhancing its mechanical properties at high *** ingots of both steels, new grade and ASTM T/P 23, were hot rolled at 900℃ and then submitted to a thermal treatment consisting of solubilization at 1050℃ and tempering at 700℃. Tempered bainitic microstructures obtained contain second phases reinforcing carbide particles, mainly M_6C and M_（23）C_6 at the boundaries of both, prior austenite grains and bainitic ferrite laths, as well as MC within the grains. Mechanical properties at temperatures ranging from 540 to 600℃ were studied by strain-ratechange tests in compression at strain rates between 10^（-7） and 10^（-4）s^（-1）. These tests showed high stress exponents（n ≥ 20） and activation energies（Q ≈ 400 k J/mol） for both alloys, which were associated with a dislocation movement mechanism with a strong interaction between dislocations and precipitates. On the other hand, a creep exponent of 5 was derived for the stress dependence of minimum creep rate from conventional-type creep tests at 600℃. Although this stress exponent is usually related to a dislocation climb controlled creep mechanism, remarkable microstructural degradation observed with increasing creep time makes difficult to elucidate the true deformation mechanism controlling creep.

关键词： Creep resistant steel T/P23 Thermal treatment Tempered bainite High temperature mechanical properties Creep

Superplasticity of a friction stir processed overaged WE54 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3156-3166页

作者： Oscar A.ruano Marta Alvarez-Leal Alberto Orozco-Caballero Fernando Carreño Physical Metallurgy Department CENIM-CSICAv.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain Department of R&D and programmes Technology Centre of Metal-Mechanical and Transport(CETEMET).Avda.1°de Mayos/n.LinaresJaén2370Spain Department of Mechanical Engineering Chemistry and Industrial DesignPolytechnic University of MadridRonda de Valencia 328012MadridSpain

The coarse-grained WE54 magnesium alloy was heat treated in order to have minimum hardness minimizing the effects of precipitates and solid solution. Friction stir processing(FSP) was applied in severe conditions to obtain fine, equiaxed and highly misoriented grains, with grain sizes even less than 1 μm. The high severity of processing demonstrated to have a strong impact in the microstructure. Consequently,the processed materials exhibited excellent superplasticity at the high strain rate 10^(-2)s^(-1), and temperatures between 300 and 400 ℃. The maximum tensile superplastic elongation of 756% was achieved at 400 ℃ thanks to the operation of grain boundary sliding mechanism(GBS). Besides the new data obtained through tensile testing, the paper deals with a transcendental question regarding the large differences in strain rate values at a given stress in the superplastic regime at maximum elongation compared to other magnesium-based alloys. With this is mind, 19 magnesium alloys from 22 different investigations were analyzed to give some light to this behavior that never was treated before. It is proposed that this behavior has to be attributed to the accommodation process, necessary for GBS to occur, which is hindered by reinforcing solutes.

关键词： WE54 magnesium alloy Friction stir processing Processing severity Superplasticity Grain boundary sliding Solutes

Nest composition and worker relatedness in three slave-making ants of the genus Rossomyrmex Arnoldi and their Proformica Ruzsky hosts （Hymenoptera, Formicidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第4期17卷 361-368页

作者： Alberto Tinaut Francisca ruano Olivia Sanllorente Alejandra Fernandez-Zambrano Celal Karaman Yelimbek Kaz Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Sciences Trakya University Edirne Turkey Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University Astana Kazakhstan

In this paper, we analyze and compare nest composition and architecture as well as worker relatedness in three related species of slave-making ants： Rossomyrmex anatolicus, R. minuchae, and R. quandratinodum. Colony structure within nests is an important trait in ants, especially in the case of mixed societies, when host and parasite coexist in the same nest. Data for their respective free-living hosts, Proformica korbi, P.. longiseta and P. sp., are also provided. For our study, we integrated a meticulous excava- tion procedure with a genetic method. We conclude that the average number of parasites, as well as of slaves, is species-specific, whereas nest depth depends on the nest archi- tecture of the host. The genus Rossomyrmex seems to be monogynous and monandrous, whereas Proformica shows differences in the number of queens and mating frequency. R. quandratinodum shows different traits in nest composition （host/parasite ratio： P/R） and architecture. The difference in traits may account for some differences in parasitism： raid process or avoidance of parasitism.

关键词： nest architecture nest composition Proformica relatedness Rossomyrmex,slave-making ants

Influence of the Accumulative Roll Bonding Process Severity on the Microstructure and Superplastic Behaviour of 7075 Al Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第8期32卷 774-782页

作者： R Hidalgo-Manrique A.Orozco-Caballero C.M.Cepeda-Jimenez O.A.ruano, F.Carreno Department of Physical Metallurgy CENIM CSIC Av. Gregorio del Amo 8 28040 Madrid Spain School of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M1 7SH UK. IMDEA Materials Institute. C/Eric Kandel 2 28906 Getafe MadridSpain

The 7075 Al alloy was processed by accumulative roll bonding （ARB） at 350 ℃ using 2：1, 3：1 and 4：1 thickness reductions per pass （Rp） up to 8, 6 and 3 passes, respectively. Microstructural examinations of the processed samples revealed that ARB leads to a microstructure composed of equiaxed crystallites with a mean size generally lower than 500 nm. It was found that, due to both the stored energy through- out the processing and the particle pinning effect, the alloy is affected by discontinuous recrystallisation during the inter-pass heating stages, the precise microstructural evolution being dependent on Rp. Me- chanical testing of the ARBed samples revealed that the main active deformation mechanism in the ARBed samples in the temperature range from 250 to 350 ℃ at intermediate and high strain rates is grain bound- ary sliding, the superplastic properties being determined by both the microstructure after ARB and its thermal stability.

关键词： Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) Al-Zn-Mg-Cn alloys Grain refining Precipitate coarsening Recrystallisation Superplastic deformation

New technologies as a strategy to decrease medication errors: how do they affect adults and children differently?

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第1期12卷 28-34页

作者： Margarita ruano Elena Villamañán Ester Pérez Alicia Herrero Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala Department of Pharmacy La Paz University HospitalMadridSpain Department of Pneumology La Paz University HospitalMadridSpain

Background:Medication error can occur throughout the drug treatment process,with special relevance in children given the risk of adverse effects resulting from a medication error is more prevalent than in *** significance of medication error in children is also greater because small error that would be tolerated in adults can cause significant damage in ***,the likelihood of injury is higher than in *** sources:Based on the data published,most medication errors take place in prescribing and administration stages in both *** in account that child's risk factors are different from those of adults,with some specific causes to pediatrics,we have reviewed available data about new technologies as a strategy to reduce pediatric medication ***:Even though there is a lack of standardized definitions and terminology that makes studies difficult to compare,we checked that new technologies have proven to be effectives in reducing medication errors,mainly computerized physician order entry(CPOE)and platforms to aid ***,we also observed that the use of these informatic tools can also generate new ***:Implementation of CPOE programs for pediatrics,communication improvement between healthcare professionals taking care of admitted children and the knowledge of these programs should be the mayor priorities for the safety of hospitalized children.

关键词： electronic prescribing new technologies pediatric medication errors

应用胎儿镜对先天性异常胎儿进行产前再生干预

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英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第7期24卷 386-396页

作者： Rodrigo ruano 乔娟(译) 漆洪波(审校) Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA 重庆医科大学附属第一医院产科重庆市胎儿医学中心

在过去的20年中,胎儿干预已经从实验性的概念发展到临床实践,包括一系列挽救先天性异常胎儿生命的干预措施。这一进展得益于创新研究、产前诊断和胎儿外科技术的进步。经子宫切开的有创性手术带来明显的母胎风险,故而逐渐被胎儿镜的微... 详细信息

在过去的20年中,胎儿干预已经从实验性的概念发展到临床实践,包括一系列挽救先天性异常胎儿生命的干预措施。这一进展得益于创新研究、产前诊断和胎儿外科技术的进步。经子宫切开的有创性手术带来明显的母胎风险,故而逐渐被胎儿镜的微创手术所替代。对先天性疾病的自然病程和病理生理学的深入思考和不断的探索,才推进了产前再生模式的发展。产前再生医学通过异常胎儿器官再生或再发育来改变疾病的自然进程,已经改变了母胎管理的范畴。本文综述了再生医学在先天性膈疝、下尿路梗阻和脊柱裂3种先天性疾病产前诊断和产前管理中的应用。

关键词：先天性异常先天性膈疝胎儿镜先天性疾病脊柱裂胎儿外科产前诊断再生医学

Presacral venous bleeding during mobilization in rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1712-1719页

作者： Jose Enrique Casal Núnez Vincenzo Vigorita Alejandro ruano Poblador Ana María Gay Fernández Maria ángeles Toscano Novella Nieves Cáceres Alvarado Lucinda Pérez Dominguez Coloproctology Unit and General and Digestive Surgery Unit Vigo University Hospital Complex36212 VigoSpain

To analyze the anatomy of sacral venous plexus flow, the causes of injuries and the methods for controlling presacral hemorrhage during surgery for rectal *** review of the databases MEDLINE® and Embase™ was conducted, and relevant scientific articles published between January 1960 and June 2016 were examined. The anatomy of the sacrum and its venous plexus, as well as the factors that influence bleeding, the causes of this complication, and its surgical management were *** is a review of 58 published articles on presacral venous plexus injury during the mobilization of the rectum and on techniques used to treat presacral venous bleeding. Due to the lack of cases published in the literature, there is no consensus on which is the best technique to use if there is presacral bleeding during mobilization in surgery for rectal cancer. This review may provide a tool to help surgeons make decisions regarding how to resolve this serious *** series of alternative treatments are described; however, a conventional systematic review in which optimal treatment is identified could not be performed because few cases were analyzed in most publications.

关键词： Presacral hemorrhaging Rectal surgery Sacral venous plexus Pelvic surgery Sacral anatomy

FUZZY RULE EXTRACTION BY BACTERIAL MEMETIC ALGORITHMS

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FUZZY RULE EXTRACTION BY BACTERIAL MEMETIC ALGORITHMS