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Conditioning treatments mitigate the levels of fecal pollution indicators in soil during land-application of sewage sludge

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3091-3102页

作者： WANG YuHang li Hua FANG WenHao WANG ru WANG XinXin ZHENG GuanYu ZHOU liXiang Department of Environmental Engineering College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Pingxiang University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization

Sewage sludge is a major source of fecal pathogens in the environment, and its application to land can result in a significant release of these pathogens into the soil. While conditioning treatments are crucial for improving the dewatering process of sludge, their impact on the presence and behavior of fecal pathogens in soil remains unclear. This study aims to assess four extraction methods for recovering fecal pollution indicators from soil amended with unconditioned and conditioned sludge. The indicators include Escherichia coli(EC), human-specific HF183 Bacteroides(HF183), human adenovirus(HAdV), human BK polyomavirus(BKPyV), human JC polyomavirus(JCPyV), and cross-assembly phage(crAssphage). This study also examines how soil moisture content affects the decay of these fecal pollution indicators in soil amended with raw sludge and investigates the influence of conditioning treatments with cationic polyacrylamide(PAM), Fenton's reagents, Fe[Ⅲ]/CaO on their persistence in soil. The results indicated that the direct extraction method was the most effective and unbiased for recovering fecal pollution indicators from sludge-amended soil compared with the three elution-concentration methods. All fecal pollution indicators, except HAdV, remained stable under dry soil conditions, while high soil moisture content(48.39%-53.14%) slowed the decay rates of these indicators. During the application of sludge to soil, effective control of fecal pollution indicators was observed, with JCPyVand HAdV becoming undetectable within a short period. The log reduction values of HF183, BKPyV, and crAssphage ranged from 0.1 to 2.8 logs after 30 d of cultivation. The application of conditioned sludge, especially Fenton's reagent-conditioned sludge, resulted in a reduction in human fecal contamination in the receiving soil. Therefore, implementing appropriate conditioning methods, such as using Fenton's reagent, can effectively mitigate the health risks associated with fecal pathogens.

关键词： fecal pollution indicators sewage sludge conditioning treatment land application soil

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The effects of various factors on spontaneous imbibition in tight oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 315-326页

作者： Cheng liu Tian-ru Wang Qing You Yue-Chun Du Guang Zhao Cai-li Dai School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083PR China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongPR China

Slickwater fracturing fluids have gained widespread application in the development of tight oil reservoirs. After the fracturing process, the active components present in slickwater can directly induce spontaneous imbibition within the reservoir. Several variables influence the eventual recovery rate within this procedure, including slickwater composition, formation temperature, degree of reservoir fracture development, and the reservoir characteristics. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms governing these influences remain relatively understudied. In this investigation, using the Chang-7 block of the Changqing Oilfield as the study site, we employ EM-30 slickwater fracturing fluid to explore the effects of the drag-reducing agent concentration, imbibition temperature, core permeability, and core fracture development on spontaneous imbibition. An elevated drag-reducing agent concentration is observed to diminish the degree of medium and small pore utilization. Furthermore, higher temperatures and an augmented permeability enhance the fluid flow properties, thereby contributing to an increased utilization rate across all pore sizes. Reduced fracture development results in a lower fluid utilization across diverse pore types. This study deepens our understanding of the pivotal factors affecting spontaneous imbibition in tight reservoirs following fracturing. The findings act as theoretical, technical, and scientific foundations for optimizing fracturing strategies in tight oil reservoir transformations.

关键词： Tight oil reservoir Spontaneous imbibition Nuclear magnetic resonance Slickwater fracturing fluid Fluid utilization degree

Synergistic effects of multiscale TiC and dual-phase structure on tensile properties of particle-reinforced steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1232-1245页

作者： Ye Jia Xiang-tao Deng Qi Wang Cheng-ru li Hao Wu Zhao-dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina

The conventional melting methods were used to obtain in situ TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel,followed by hot rolling and heat treatment *** aim was to investigate the effect of TiC particles on the fracture behavior of dual-phase steel at different annealing temperatures,by analyzing the microstructure and tensile behavior of the multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase *** results showed that TiC particles precipitated in the as-cast microstructure of dual-phase steel were distributed along the grain *** hot rolling,the grain boundary-like morphology of the micron-sized TiC particles was disrupted,and the particles became more refined and evenly distributed in the *** tensile tests revealed that the strength of the TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel increased with increasing martensite content,while the elongation *** results were similar to those of conventional *** addition of 1 vol.%multiscale TiC particles improved the strength of the dual-phase steel but did not affect elongation of the *** and holes were primarily concentrated around the TiC particles rather than at the interface of martensite and *** main causes of crack sprouting were TiC particle interface cracking and TiC particle internal ***,the study demonstrated the potential of multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel as a strong and tough *** refined distribution of TiC particles in the matrix improved the strength of the material without compromising its *** results also highlighted the importance of careful selection of reinforcement particles to avoid detrimental effects on the fracture behavior of the material.

关键词： TiC particle Dual-phase structure TiC-reinforced dual-phase steel Tension Fracture behavior

Migration and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal(loid)s at a lead smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 600-609页

作者： Chuxuan li Mu li Jiaqing Zeng Shanxin yuan Xinghua Luo Chuan Wu Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting *** is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting *** this study,203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting *** findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb,Zn,Cd,and As contamination in soil *** spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity,the contaminated soil areas of Pb,As,Cd,and Zn were 99.5%,98.9%,85.3%,and 72.4%,***,Cd,and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m,which migrated from the surface to deep soil *** leaching contents of Zn,Pb,and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer,but the leaching content of Cd was still high,which indicated the high migration of *** the increase of depth,the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased,and the residual fraction *** acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion,and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in *** to the calculation of the migration factor,the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd>Zn>Pb>*** outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.

关键词： Smelting sites Heavy metal(loid)s Spatial distribution Chemical speciation Migration characteristics

Clinical nursing value of predictive nursing in reducing complications of pregnant women undergoing short-term massive blood transfusion during cesarean section

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 51-58页

作者： li Cheng li-Ping li yuan-yuan Zhang Fang Deng Ting-Ting Lan Department of Obstertrics Wuhan Third HospitalWuhan 430000Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Gynaecology Wuhan No.1 HospitalWuHan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cesarean hemorrhage is one of the serious complications,and short-term massive blood transfusion can easily cause postoperative infection and physical stress ***,predictive nursing intervention has important clinical significance for *** To explore the effect of predictive nursing intervention on the stress response and complications of women undergoing short-term mass blood transfusion during cesarean section(CS).METHODS A clinical medical record of 100 pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during sections from June 2019 to June *** to the different nursing methods,patients divided into control group(n=50)and observation group(n=50).Among them,the control group implemented routine nursing,and the observation group implemented predictive nursing intervention based on the control ***,compared the differences in stress res-ponse,complications,and pain scores before and after the nursing of pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during *** The anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women in the two groups were significantly improved after nursing,and the psychological stress response of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(Plivery were lower than those of the control group,and the MAP at the end of delivery was lower than that of the control group(Plications such as skin rash,urinary retention,chills,diarrhea,and anaphylactic shock in the observation group were 18%,which significantly higher than in the control group(4%)(Plieve the pain,reduce the incidence of complications,improve mood and stress response,and serve as a

关键词： Predictive care Rapid mass blood transfusion Cesarean section Stress response Complications

Adaptive security control of time-varying constraints nonlinear cyber-physical systems with false data injection attacks

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 50-59页

作者： Yue-Ming Wang yuan-Xin li Department of Science Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhouPeople’s Republic of China

In this article,an adaptive security control scheme is presented for cyber-physical systems(CPSs)suffering from false data injection(FDI)attacks and time-varying state ***,an adaptive bound estimation mechanism is introduced in the backstepping control design to mitigate the effect of FDI ***,to solve the unknown sign time-varying statefeedback gains aroused by the FDI attacks,a type of Nussbaum function is employed in the adaptive security ***,by constructing a barrier Lyapunov function,it can be ensured that all signals of controlled system are bounded and the time-varying state constraints are not ***,the provided simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

关键词： Neural networks backstepping technology false data injection(FDI)attacks nonlinear cyber-physical systems controls

Deep electrical structures of Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone in Guangxi and seismogenic environment of the 1936 lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 584-603页

作者： Bin ZHOU Chunheng YAN Yan ZHAN Xiangyu SUN Sha li Xiang WEN Yajun MO Yongdong yuan yuan yuan Meili HUANG Earthquake Agency of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning530022China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China Guangxi Geophysical Survey Institute Liuzhou545005China

The tectonic position of the southwest section of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Tectonic Junction Zone(QHTJZ)can be determined by examining the Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone(QFJZ)in *** zone is significant because it was the location of the largest earthquake ever recorded in the inland region of South China,specifically the 1936 lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake in ***,this region serves as an optimal location for researching the origins of intraplate earthquakes in South *** study presents a display of a broadband magnetotelluric(MT)prospecting profile that traverses the Guangxi QFJZ and the lingshan earthquake zone,extending from the northwest(NW)to the southeast(SE).A resistivity structure model was generated using three-dimensional(3D)inversion technology along the *** main faults in QFJZ were analyzed in terms of their deep extension forms and tectonic *** analysis was performed by integrating the results obtained from geology,gravity,wave velocity ratio,Global Position System(GPS),and geothermal *** results showed that(1)the Dongzhong-Xiaodong fault(DXf),the eastern Fangcheng-lingshan fault(FLf2),and the eastern Hepu-Beiliu fault(HBf2)were all trans-crustal deep faults,and crust-mantle ductile shear zones developed in the deep *** electrical boundary zones,DXf and HBf2,were *** inclined towards the northwest,while HBf2 inclined towards the *** Fangchenglingshan fault(FLf)exhibits a tectonic style resembling a“flower”shape in the upper *** the deeper section,it is characterized by an electrical boundary zone that gradually slopes towards the southeast direction.(2)The Hunan-Guangxi Passive Continental Margin(HGPCM)on the NW side of DXf had a stratified resistivity structure and relatively stable Bouguer gravity anomalies,which conformed to the quasi-craton tectonic attribute of the local failure at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block(YB).The southeastern side of this bloc

关键词： South China Block Qinzhou-Fangcheng Junction Zone Magnetotelluric 1936 lingshan M6^(3/4)earthquake Deep seismogenic environment

Analysing free way diverging risks using high-resolution trajectory data based on conflict prediction models

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第1期6卷 8-21页

作者： Ye li Sani Dalhatu Chen yuan School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410075P.R.China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077P.R.China.

This study aims to develop a reliable safety evaluation model for diverging vehicles and investigates the impact of the surrounding traffic environment on freeway diverging ***-resolution trajectory data from three sites in the Netherlands(Delft,Ter-Heide and Zonzeel)were employed for the risk *** regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),extreme randomize trees(ET),adaptive boosting(Adaboost),extreme gradient boosting(XGboost)and multilayer perceptron(MLP),were developed for safety *** result showed that MLP outperforms the other models for diverging risk prediction over all the indicators,conflict thresholds and *** matrix,shapely addictive explanation(SHAP),and LR algorithms were further adopted to interpret the influence of the surrounding *** indicates that an increase in traffic density,subject vehicle(SV)lateral speed,the distance of SV from ramp nose and SV length would increase the diverging *** the same time,an increase in leading vehicle speed and space headway would decrease diverging ***,spatial analysis was also conducted to explore the stability of identified traffic features regarding the impact on the diverging risk across the sites.

关键词： diverging risk,machine learning shapely addictive explanation(SHAP) linear regression(LR) extended time-to-collision(TET) time-integrated time-to-collision(TIT)

Competitive assembling strategy to construct carbon nitride homojunctions for boosting photocatalytic performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 23-32页

作者： Hua-Wei Zhang yuan-yuan li Bo li Jing-Hui Shi Tao Huang Gui-Fang Huang Anlian Pan Wangyu Hu Wei-Qing Huang School of Physics&Electronic Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education&Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Both morphology and composition have a great influence on the properties and functions of materials,however,how to rational modulate both of them to achieve their synergistic effects has been a longstanding ***,we demonstrate a competitive assembling strategy for the construction of metal-free graphite carbon nitride(CN)homojunctions in which morphology and composition can be easily controlled simultaneously by only changing the ratio of assembly raw *** homojunctions are comprised of porous nanotubular S-doped CN(SCN)grafted with CN nanovesicles,which are derived from thermal polycondensation of melamine-thiocyanuric acid(M-T)/melamine-cyanuric acid(M-C)supramolecular hybrid *** unique architecture and component engineering endows the novel SCN-CN homojunction with abundant active sites,enhanced visible trapping ability,and intimate interface *** a result,the synthesized SCN-CN homojunctions demonstrate high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and pollutant *** developed strategy opens up intriguing opportu-nities for the rational construction of intricate metal-free heterostructures with controllable architecture and interfacial contact for applications in energy-related fields.

关键词： Competitive assembling strategy Supramolecular hybrid blocks Homojunctions Graphite carbon nitride Photocatalytic