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On load dependence of detachment rate of kinesin motor

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第1期34卷 498-505页

作者： Xiao-Xuan Shi yao Wang Yu-ru Liu Ping Xie School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational CollegeChongqing 401220China Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Kinesin is an archetypal microtubule-based molecular motor that can generate force to transport cargo in cells. The load dependence of the detachment rate is an important factor of the kinesin motor, the determination of which is critically related to the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of the motor. Here, we use three models for the load dependence of the detachment rate of the kinesin motor to study theoretically and numerically the maximal force generated and microtubuleattachment duration of the motor. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results with the available experimental data,we show that only one model can explain well the available experimental data, indicating that only this model can be applicable to the kinesin motor.

关键词： kinesin detachment rate generated force chemomechanical coupling mechanism optical trapping

Combustion aerosols and suspended dust with controlled processes in Lhasa:Elemental analysis and size distribution characteristics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 591-601页

作者： Jinglin Li Zhuoga Deqing Jie Liang tao Guo Jian yao Wei Liu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China

To explore air contamination resulting from special biomass combustion and suspended dust in Lhasa,the present study focused on the size distribution and chemical characteristics of particulate matter(PM)emission resulting from 7 types of non-fossil pollution *** investigated the concentration and size distribution of trace elements from 7 pollution sources collected in *** Lhasa’s atmospheric particulate matter data,enrichment factors(EFs)have been calculated to examine the potential impact of those pollution sources on the atmosphere quality of *** highest mass concentration of total elements of biomass combustion appeared at PM_(0.4),and the second highest concentration existed in the size fraction 0.4-1μm;the higher proportion(12%)of toxicmetals was produced by biomass *** elemental composition of suspended dust and atmospheric particulate matter was close(except for As and Cd);the highest concentration of elements was all noted in PM_(2.5-10)(PM3-10).Potassium was found to be one of the main biomass *** proportion of Cu in suspended dust is significantly lower than that of atmospheric particulate matter(0.53%and 3.75%),which indicates that there are other anthropogenic *** EFs analysis showed that the Cr,Cu,Zn,and Pb produced by biomass combustion were highly enriched(EFs>100)in all particle *** EFs of most trace elements increased with decreasing particle size,indicating the greater influence of humanfactors on smaller particles.

关键词： Size distribution Trace elements Particulate matter Enrichment factors Lhasa

Hybrid conductive-lithophilic-fluoride triple protection interface engineering:Dendrite-free reverse lithium deposition for high-performance lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 416-428页

作者： Huiying Li Chang Hong runming tao Xiaolang Liu Jianxing Wang Jianyu Chen Shuhao yao Jiazhi Geng Guang Zheng Jiyuan Liang Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology Jianghan University Applied Materials Division Argonne National Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications

Lithium metal batteries（LMBs） with high energy density are impeded by the instability of solid electrolyte interface（SEI） and the uncontrolled growth of lithium（Li） *** mitigate these challenges,optimizing the SEI structure and Li deposition behavior is the key to stable *** study novelty proposes a facile synthesis of MgF2/carbon（C） nanocomposite through the mechanochemical reaction between metallic Mg and polytetrafluoroethylene（PTFE） powders,and its modified polypropylene（PP）separator enhances LMB *** in-situ formed highly conductive fluorine-doped C species play a crucial role in facilitating ion/electron transport,thereby accelerating electrochemical kinetics and altering Li deposition *** cycling,the in-situ reaction between MgF2and Li leads to the formation of LiMg alloy,along with a LiF-rich SEI layer,which reduces the nucleation overpotential and reinforces the interphase strength,leading to homogeneous Li deposition with dendrite-free *** from these merits,the Li metal is densely and uniformly deposited on the MgF2/C@PP separator side rather than on the current collector ***,the symmetric cell with MgF2/C@PP exhibits superb Li plating/stripping performance over 2800 h at 1 mA cm-2and 2 mA h *** importantly,the assembled Li@MgF2/C@PPILiFePO4full cell with a low negative/positive ratio of 3.6delivers an impressive cyclability with 82.7% capacity retention over 1400 cycles at 1 C.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Mechanochemical reaction MgF2 Reverse deposition Separator modification

qRfv2, a quantitative resistance locus against Fusarium ear rot in maize

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Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 41-50页

作者： Li, Yanmei tao, Xiaobo yao, Lishan Tang, Sheng Zhang, Xiaohui Tong, Lixiu Liu, Qingli Song, tao Zhang, Dongfeng Cao, Yingying Zhong, tao Xu, Mingliang State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co. Ltd. Beijing 102206 China Seeds Research Syngenta Crop Protection LLC Research Triangle Park Durham 27709 NC United States School of Food Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 Shaanxi China

Fusarium ear rot (FER), caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is a destructive fungal disease of maize. FER resistance is a complex, quantitatively inherited trait controlled by multiple minor-effect genes. In this study, we employed two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with the common resistant parental line CML304 to identify FER-resistance loci. Initial QTL analysis identified 23 FER-resistance QTL, each explaining 5.21%–30.51% of the total phenotypic variation. Notably, one major QTL, qRfv2, on chromosome 2 was repeatedly detected, accounting for 11.92%–30.51% of the total phenotypic variation. qRfv2 was fine mapped to an interval of 1.01 Mb, flanked by the markers IDP8 and IDP10. qRfv2 is a semi-dominant resistance gene that could reduce the disease severity index (DSI) by 12.4%–20%, suggesting its potential for enhancing FER resistance in maize. Transcriptome analysis showed that 22 of the 28 annotated functional genes in the qRfv2 region displayed differential expression between parental lines in response to FER. One of the candidate genes, ZmLOX6, was validated to presumably provide a positive effect on FER resistance. Our study provides a basis for the potential cloning and application of FER resistance genes in maize breeding. © 2025 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS

关键词： Fusarium ear rot Fusarium verticillioides QTL mapping Zea mays

Müller cells are activated in response to retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration in rats subjected to simulated weightlessness conditions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2116-2128页

作者： Yuxue Mu Ning Zhang Dongyu Wei Guoqing Yang Lilingxuan yao Xinyue Xu Yang Li Junhui Xue Zuoming Zhang tao Chen Aerospace Clinical Medical Center School of Aerospace MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Aviation Medicine Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Emergency Medicine Wuhan No.1 HospitalWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Third Regiment School of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Fourth Regiment School of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina

A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain ***,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under *** 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic *** investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail *** results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly *** addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated *** findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.

关键词： glial fibrous acidic protein gliosis Müller cells nerve growth factor neural differentiation neurodegeneration proteomic retinal degeneration retinal outer nuclear layer simulated weightlessness

Modulation of the octahedral structure and potential superconductivity of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)through strain engineering

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 145-152页

作者： Zihao Huo Zhihui Luo Peng Zhang Aiqin Yang Zhengtao Liu Xiangru tao Zihan Zhang Shumin Guo Qiwen Jiang Wenxuan Chen Dao-Xin yao Defang Duan Tian Cui Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods&Software of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic PhysicsSchool of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Institute of High Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China

The recent transport measurements of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)uncovered a“right-triangle”shape of the superconducting dome in the pressure-temperature(P-T)phase *** by this,we perform theoretical first-principles studies of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)with the pressure ranging from 0 to 100 ***,we reveal a pressure dependence of the Ni-d_(z^(2))electron density at the Fermi energy(n_(z)^(E_(F)))that highly coincides with such *** this basis,we further explore the electronic structure under uniaxial *** tracking the stress response of n_(z)^(E_(F)),we propose that superconductivity can be achieved by applying only ~2GPa of compression along the c *** idea is further exemplified from the perspectives of lattice distortion,band structure,Fermi surface and superconducting phase *** also discuss the possible charge modulation under the stress and provide an insight into the relation between nz E Fand the superconducting T_(c)in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)*** study provides new routes to the search of high-T_(c)superconductors in future experiments.

关键词： nickelate superconductors density functional theory strong correlated systems strain engineering

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EBD-YOLO：a lightweight auxiliary driving detection algorithm based on YOLOv5

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： SUN Lianshuai SHI tao DING yao LI Song Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems， School of Electrical Engineer-ing and Automation， Tianjin University of Technology College of Electrical Engineering， North China University of Science and Technology

A lightweight road-assistant detection algorithm， EBD-YOLO， based on YOLOv5s is proposed to address the problems of high model complexity， computation cost， and difficulty in deployment on resource-limited embedded terminals in existing assisted driving detection algorithms. First， lightweight Transformer model EfficientViT was used as the backbone feature extraction network of YOLOv5s model to reduce network parameters and calculation costs. Secondly， a Focal-GIoU Loss function is proposed for bounding box regression to accelerate model convergence and reduce loss. Thirdly， the feature pyramid structure is improved to a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) to enhance localization and semantic features. Then， a dynamic head framework is added to unify the attention mechanism with the object detection head to improve its performance. Finally， a Soft-CIoU＿NMS algorithm is proposed in the post-processing stage to enhance occluded targets' localization and detection ability and reduce the missed detection rate. We conducted experiments on the KITTI and BDD100K datasets for autonomous driving， and the results showed that the EBD-YOLO model reduced in size by 38.4% and 37.2%， respectively. In comparison， the computational cost was reduced by 48.1%. As measured by mAP@0.5， the detection accuracy improved by 0.5% and 5.8%， respectively， and mAP@0.5:0.95 improved by 2.8% and 7%， respectively. These improvements satisfied the requirements for deployment on embedded terminals in cars.

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萝卜硫素纳米颗粒及其生物学应用

生物技术通报 2025年第1期41卷 62-73页

作者：高欣茹许文涛中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院北京100083 中国农业大学营养与健康系食品精准营养与质量控制教育部重点实验室北京100083

萝卜硫素是一种植物化学物质,具备抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等多种生物活性。然而,萝卜硫素稳定差、热敏性强等因素限制了它在不同领域的应用。基于纳米技术的载药系统为萝卜硫素的多维应用提供了可能。通过与纳米技术结合,可以提高萝卜硫素... 详细信息

萝卜硫素是一种植物化学物质,具备抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等多种生物活性。然而,萝卜硫素稳定差、热敏性强等因素限制了它在不同领域的应用。基于纳米技术的载药系统为萝卜硫素的多维应用提供了可能。通过与纳米技术结合,可以提高萝卜硫素的生物利用率,促进其临床试验的发展。基于以上特点,本文围绕萝卜硫素不同生物活性的具体作用机制、萝卜硫素纳米颗粒的特点及其生物学应用展开详细的介绍。其中,重点综述了应用于萝卜硫素递送的无机纳米颗粒、有机纳米颗粒及无机-有机复合纳米颗粒的特点,并根据萝卜硫素纳米颗粒的治疗多样性对其具体应用进行归纳总结。此外,对当前萝卜硫素纳米颗粒面临的主要问题与发展前景作出展望,以期扩展萝卜硫素的应用领域,为未来食品、保健、医疗科技的发展注入新的动力。

关键词：萝卜硫素生物活性纳米技术药物装载靶向递送

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女性友好型城市的经济增长效应

经济问题 2025年第2期 21-30页

作者：姚永玲茹丽霏中国人民大学应用经济学院北京100872

在从工业社会向后工业社会转型的过程中,世界上越是繁荣的城市,女性友好度就越高,女性对城市生活的重塑具有决定性的作用。在经济和人口转型的新阶段,女性友好度对中国的可持续发展至关重要。在联合国倡议的框架下测量女性友好程度,并... 详细信息

在从工业社会向后工业社会转型的过程中,世界上越是繁荣的城市,女性友好度就越高,女性对城市生活的重塑具有决定性的作用。在经济和人口转型的新阶段,女性友好度对中国的可持续发展至关重要。在联合国倡议的框架下测量女性友好程度,并通过实证分析探讨女性友好度对城市经济增长的影响,结果表明,女性友好度的提升显著提高了城市人均地区生产总值,并呈现出倒“U”型效应。此外,这一效应在大城市逐渐减缓,中小城市建设女性友好城市对经济增长的效果更明显,中小城市要发展经济,必须注重建设女性友好城市,充分利用女性带来的性别红利;女性友好对城市发展服务经济效果比制造业更加明显。此外,家庭和社会维度的女性友好程度在短期和长期分别具有相反的影响。结合实证和理论分析,研究在中国国情的背景下从性别视角丰富了城市经济增长的相关研究,对新时代城市高质量发展提供了新的经验。

关键词：女性友好型城市性别平等城市经济增长