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Kinetics and mechanism of natural wolframite interactions with sodium carbonate

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第11期26卷 1364-1371页

作者： Evgeniy Nikolaevich Selivanov Kirill Vladimirovich Pikulin Lyudmila Ivanovna Galkova roza iosifovna gulyaeva Sofia Aleksandrovna Petrova Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The kinetics and mechanism of natural wolframite interactions with sodium carbonate during air heating were studied.X-ray phase and X-ray microanalysis were used to establish that the initial monocrystalline wolframite consists of Fe0.5 Mn0.5 WO4 and Fe0.3 Mn0.7 *** thermal analysis showed that the interaction of wolframite with sodium carbonate begins above 450°C with the formation of tungstate,sodium ferrite,iron oxides,and *** experiments on sintering with the subsequent removal of water-soluble compounds(leaching)tracked the change in the structure of *** atomic ratio of Fe/Mn in wolframite does not change up to 600°C,and subsequently decreases to 0.2 during heating,which allows the mechanism of the process to be identified and indicates the greater reactivity of wolframites with an increased proportion of *** analysis with data processing using non-isothermal kinetics established that the interaction of wolframite with sodium carbonate in an air stream proceeds via a two-stage mechanism,wherein the first stage is limited by diffusion(activation energy,E=243 kJ/mol)and the second stage is limited by autocatalysis(activation energy,E=212 k J/mol)due to the formation of a Na2 WO4–Na2 CO3 eutectic.

关键词： wolframite structure sodium carbonate sintering thermal analysis kinetics

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Viscosity of slags from the joint smelting of oxidized nickel and sulfide copper ores

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2023年

作者： Alexander KLYUSHNIKOV Svetlana SERGEEVA roza gulyaeva Alexander VUSIKHIS Lyudmila UDOEVA Stanislav TYUSHNYAKOV Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Metals Pyrometallurgy， Department of Non-Ferrous Metals， Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2. Laboratory of Rare Refractory Metals， Department of Non-Ferrous Metals， Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The work is devoted to the viscosity determination of molten slags from the joint smelting of oxidized nickel and sulfide copper ores. The model slags were synthesized close in composition and structure to real samples， and limiting the investigated composition range: iron-containing slag (8.9 wt.% CaO， 11.8 MgO， 12.5 Al2O3， 47.4 SiO2， 13.3 FeO， 5.0 Fe2O3) and iron-free slag formed by removing iron oxides from the iron-containing slag (12.5 wt.% CaO， 16.0 MgO， 9.4 Al2O3， 58.3 SiO2). The experimental (vibrational method) viscosity values for iron-containing (1550–1300 ℃) and iron-free (1550–1400 ℃) model slags were 3.1–23.3 and 12.8–45.5 dPa·s， respectively. Viscosity estimation by the Kalmanovitch–Frank model showed a discrepancy with the experimental data for iron-containing slag. Regression analysis (by Weimann–Frenkel–Urbain formalism) of the experimental data was carried out， and original empirical models were proposed to predict the primary model slags viscosity in the considered temperature range. Reducing the basicity from 0.7 (iron-containing slag) to 0.6 (iron-free slag) increased viscous flow activation energy from 204 to 236 kJ·mol–1. To maintain optimal slag viscosity， joint smelting of oxidized nickel and sulfide copper ores should be carried out at a temperature not lower than 1400 ℃.

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氧化镍和硫化铜矿联合熔炼炉渣的黏度

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2023年第10期33卷 3168-3184页

作者： Alexander KLYUSHNIKOV Svetlana SERGEEVA roza gulyaeva Alexander VUSIKHIS Lyudmila UDOEVA Stanislav TYUSHNYAKOV Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Metals Pyrometallurgy Department of Non-Ferrous MetalsInstitute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences101Amundsen StreetYekaterinburg 620016Russia Laboratory of Rare Refractory Metals Department of Non-Ferrous MetalsInstitute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences101Amundsen StreetYekaterinburg 620016Russia

测定氧化镍和硫化铜矿联合冶炼熔渣的黏度。制备的模拟熔渣与实际熔渣的成分和结构相似,并限制研究的熔渣的成分范围,含铁熔渣的成分(质量分数)为:8.9%CaO、11.8%MgO、12.5%Al_(2)O_(3)、47.4%SiO_(2)、13.3%FeO和5.0%Fe_(2)O_(3);无铁... 详细信息

测定氧化镍和硫化铜矿联合冶炼熔渣的黏度。制备的模拟熔渣与实际熔渣的成分和结构相似,并限制研究的熔渣的成分范围,含铁熔渣的成分(质量分数)为:8.9%CaO、11.8%MgO、12.5%Al_(2)O_(3)、47.4%SiO_(2)、13.3%FeO和5.0%Fe_(2)O_(3);无铁熔渣是将含铁熔渣中的氧化铁去除得到,其成分(质量分数)为:12.5%CaO、16.0%MgO、9.4%Al_(2)O_(3)和58.3%SiO_(2)。由振动法测试的含铁熔渣(1550~1300℃)和无铁熔渣(1550~1400℃)的黏度实验值分别为0.31~2.33 Pa·s和1.28~4.55 Pa·s。由Kalmanovitch-Frank模型预测的含铁熔渣的黏度值与实验值存在偏差。通过Weimann-Frenkel-Urbain方程对实验数据进行回归分析,提出可预测所考虑温度范围内的初级熔渣黏度的原始经验模型。当碱度从0.7(含铁熔渣)降低到0.6(无铁熔渣),黏性流动活化能从204 kJ/mol增加到236kJ/mol。为了保持最佳熔渣黏度,氧化镍和硫化铜矿联合冶炼的温度应不低于1400℃。

关键词：熔渣黏度振动式黏度计 Kalmanovitch–Frank模型 Weimann–Frenkel–Urbain方程氧化镍矿硫化铜矿造锍熔炼

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