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Olfaction and reaction: The role of olfactory and hypothalamic investment in the antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues by northern redbelly dace

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 738-746页

作者： Brendan J.Joyce Grant E.brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Neuroplasticity enables teleosts to promote or downregulate the growth of their brains *** compensate for the effects of predation pressure,teleosts may alter their brain morphology and behavioral responses to mitigate its impact on individual ***-predation environ-ments often promote specific patterns of brain growth and produce bolder and more proactive *** to the expense of maintaining neural tissue,relative size indicates the regions most relied *** northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos,as little as 2 weeks of elevated predation pressure,resulted in increased investment in their olfactory bulbs and optic tecta,while the imposition of captivity produced smaller,less symmetric *** together,these results suggest that an individual could potentially become better able to detect a threat,and simultaneously less inclined to react to it,making the impact of either change in isolation is difficult to ***,we compared interindividual variation in gross brain morphology,risk-taking tactics in a novel arena(shy-bold personality),and responding to olfactory cues(proactive/reac-tive stress-coping style).We hypothesized that olfactory investment would positively correlate with response intensity to predator cue concen-tration and respond across a wider range of cue concentrations,while hypothalamus size would correlate with shyness and *** to heightened risk produced more bold/proactive individuals,with larger olfactory bulbs and smaller ***,the direction of the correlation between hypothalamus size and behavior varied by treatment,and olfactory investment only corresponded with response intensity amongst proactive *** findings illustrate the potential pitfalls of relating gross brain morphology to complex behavior and suggest that stress-coping style is a relevant consideration in future studies.

关键词： boldness brainmorphology neuroplasticity predation proactivity stress-coping style

Effects of excluding bottom-disturbing mobile fishing gear on abundance and biomass of groundfishes in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 134-143页

作者： Briana K.brown Elizabeth SOULE Les KAUFMAN Biology Department Boston University

The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].

关键词： Effects of fishing Groundfish Gulf of Maine Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Trawl closure

COVID-19 Imaging Detection in the Context of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第8期132卷 507-530页

作者： Xiaowei Gu Shuwen Chen Huisheng Zhu Mackenzie brown School of Math and Information Technology Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityNanjing211200China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia

Coronavirus disease 2019 brings a huge burden on the medical industry all over the *** the background of artificial intelligence(AI)and Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,chest computed tomography(CT)and chest Xray(CXR)scans are becoming more intelligent,and playing an increasingly vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of *** paper will introduce the segmentation of methods and *** and CT diagnosis of COVID-19 based on deep learning,which can be widely used to fight against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 medical image chest CT CXR IoMT AI

Approximation on Two-point Homogeneous Spaces

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数学进展 2004年第5期33卷 635-638页

作者： Gavin brown 戴峰

1Introduction This paper is a short research announcement of the results obtained in [BD],which will appear soon.

关键词：黎曼定理拉普拉斯变换泛函分析存在性容积公式

Rock engineering design of post-tensioned anchors for dams-A review

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岩石力学与工程学报 2015年第1期34卷 1-13页

作者： E.T.brown Golder Associates Pty Ltd.

High-capacity, post-tensioned anchors have found wide-spread use, originally in initial dam design and construction, and more recently in the strengthening and rehabilitation of concrete dams to meet modern design and safety standards. Despite the advances that have been made in rock mechanics and rock engineering during the last 80 years in which post-tensioned anchors have been used in dam engineering, some aspects of the rock engineering design of high-capacity rock anchors for dams have changed relatively little over the last 30 or 40 years. This applies, in particular, to the calculations usually carried out to establish the grouted embedment lengths required for deep, post-tensioned *** calculations usually make simpli fi ed assumptions about the distribution and values of rock e grout interface shear strengths, the shape of the volume of rock likely to be involved in uplift failure under the in fl uence of a system of post-tensioned anchors, and the mechanism of that failure. The resulting designs are generally conservative. It is concluded that these aspects of the rock engineering design of large, posttensioned rock anchors for dams can be significantly improved by making greater use of modern,comprehensive, numerical analyses in conjunction with three-dimensional(3D) models of the rock mass structure, realistic rock and rock mass properties, and the results of prototype anchor tests in the rock mass concerned.

关键词： Dam engineering Post-tensioned anchors Rock engineering design Groutetendon bond Rockegrout bond Rock mass uplift failure

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心肌梗死患者恢复期的抑郁症

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2002年第5期21卷 270-274页

作者： royc.Ziegelstein Department of Medicine Division of Cardkgogy Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Md

心肌梗死(MI)患者在恢复期出现抑郁症状是很常见的.约在6例MI患者中即有1例发生重度抑郁症,而且多在MI后很快出现明显的抑郁症状至少两次.MI后抑郁症是增高死亡率的一个独立危险因素.虽然这一相关性的确切机制尚不清楚,但是很显然,患者... 详细信息

心肌梗死(MI)患者在恢复期出现抑郁症状是很常见的.约在6例MI患者中即有1例发生重度抑郁症,而且多在MI后很快出现明显的抑郁症状至少两次.MI后抑郁症是增高死亡率的一个独立危险因素.虽然这一相关性的确切机制尚不清楚,但是很显然,患者对降低危险性的建议不遵从,自主神经张力异常(可使患者对室性心律不齐更为敏感)以及血小板活性增加等均与抑郁症有关.与无情绪障的患者相比,MI后出现抑郁症者较少实施冠脉血运重建术.目前正在进行的研究将明确治疗抑郁症能否改善预后.在这一问题得到解答之前,仍应努力使患者坚持治疗方案,显然这类患者因不遵从治疗而处于危险状态.心脏康复计划以及提高社会支持水平可能有助于改善症状,应推广用于所有患者.对于近期发生MI的患者,在抗抑郁治疗的安全性和有效性确定之前,对抑郁症本身的治疗应根据患者的差异而个体化.

关键词：心肌梗死恢复期抑郁症发病机制

Design of Multi-layered Protection Against Guided Mortar Threats Yhrough Numerical Modeling

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 55-65页

作者： Bonny Thawani Seng Kiat Lim Laura brown Richard Critchley Rachael Hazael Cranfield Forensic Institute Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the United KingdomShrivenhamSN68LAUK

The trade—off between protection and weight is a constant consideration when designing a portable protective *** mobility is a desirable attribute and protection must therefore adapt,prompting a demand for lightweight,simple to construct,low-cost and effective ballistic protection *** strength and ductility,wave spreading capability and good energy absorption are key properties for ballistic *** materials,polycarbonate,Kevlar?-epoxy,polyurethane foam,and aluminium alloy,possess these properties and were selected for analysis by numerical *** configurations were proven to be an optimal solution,by exploiting the advantages of each material without having large penalties of mass and *** modelling using ANSYS AUTODYN?is used to simulate monolithic and multi-layered target configurations,to obtain the penetration mitigation *** results are analysed to select configurations based on different requirements,such as lowest cost,lowest mass,best performance,and optimal configuration which balanced the three key parameters *** optimal configuration of Aluminium,Kevlar-Epoxy,Polyurethane,and Polycarbonate has layers with thickness of 7,3,38,2 mm respectively with a total mass of 7.97 kg,total cost of$39.86 and penetration of 29.34%(14.67 mm).Polynomial relationships between performance and mass/cost are also determined.

关键词： Hydrocode Fragmentation High velocity Composite structures Foams

Challenges in the Mining and Utilization of Deep Mineral Resources

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 432-433页

作者： Meifeng Cai Edwin T. brown Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Colder Associates Pty. Ltd. Brisbane QLD 4064 Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane OLD 4072 Australia

As Mote et al. [ 1 ] have noted in this journal, advances in the fields of engineering science and technology have played an indispensable role in shaping the social and economic development of humankind. However,

关键词： Mineral resources

Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island,Philippines,VI: The Herpetofauna of the Subic Bay Area

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第1期3卷 1-20页

作者： Anne DEVAN-SONG Rafe M.brown Wildlife In Need Foundation Subic Bay Freeport Zone Department of Ecology and Evolution Biology & Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas

We present detailed species accounts for 55 species of amphibians and reptiles(14 species of frogs,24 snakes,16 lizards,one turtle) from 24 localities in the vicinity of Subic Bay,southern Zambales Province,Luzon Island,Philippines. Although we note numerous species that are conspicuously absent in Subic Bay(and which we expect will eventually be recorded in the region),our many new records plus a summary of the available historical museum specimen data depict a diverse subset of species diversity known from the southern Zambales Mountains of southwestern Luzon. We compare our data to several other recent herpetofunal surveys from Luzon,discuss biogeographic regionalism of this complex island,and report on numerous new natural history observations for many included species. With the absence of any protected areas in the entire province,the amphibians and reptiles of Zambales should be a particularly important future conservation priority.

关键词： herpetological biodiversity northern Philippines Zambales Mountains