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Effects of deep vertical rotary tillage on the grain yield and resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第2期20卷 593-605页

作者： WU Fen ZHAI Li-chao XU Ping ZHANG Zheng-bin Elamin Hafiz BAILLO Lemessa Negasa TOLOSA roy njoroge kimotho JIA Xiu-ling GUO Hai-qian Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-saving AgricultureShijiazhuang 050022P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050035P.R.China Shijiazhuang Agricultural Products Quality Testing Center Shijiazhuang 050021P.R.China

Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of *** objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main *** were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of *** with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage *** line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction *** addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth *** results provided a th

关键词： winter wheat deep vertical rotary tillage resource use efficiency water use efficiency partial factor productivity of nitrogen

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Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego Anne Wanjiru Mwangi James Hungo kimotho Ronald Tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

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