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Impact of asialoglycoprotein receptor deficiency on the development of liver injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第10期15卷 1194-1200页

作者： Serene Ml lee Carol A Casey Benita l McVicker Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68105 United States liver Study Unit Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68105 United States

The asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). The RME process plays an integral part in the proper traff icking and routing of receptors and ligands in the healthy cell. Thus, the missorting or altered transport of proteins during RME is thought to play a role in several diseases associated with hepatocyte and liver dysfunction. Previously, we examined in detail alterations that occur in hepatocellular RME and associated receptor functions as a result of one particular liver injury, alcoholic liver disease (AlD). The studies revealed profound ethanolmediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal tissue. To further clarify these observations, studies were performed utilizing knockout mice (lacking a functional ASGP receptor) to which were administered several liver toxicants. In addition to alcohol, we examined the effects following administration of antiFas (CD95) antibody, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and lipopolysaccharide (lPS)/galactosamine. The results of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced liver injury in response to all of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of liver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme levels, histopathological scores, as well as hepatocellular death. Overall, the work completed to date suggests a possible link between hepatic receptors and liver injury. In particular, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated liver diseases.

关键词：小鼠肝损伤受体介导唾液酸糖蛋白受体酒精性肝病基因敲除小鼠病理组织学分内吞作用

Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOlINS Kenneth SCHWEllER Scott MIlNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

Influence of separator control on the characteristics of severe slugging flow

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Petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 300-307页

作者： luo Xiaoming He limin liu Xinye lü Yuling College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum

Due to the special structure of offshore multiphase pipes, it is easy for severe slugging to occur in the riser at low gas-liquid velocity. Violent pressure fluctuations and dramatic changes of flow rate are the main characteristics of severe slugging, leading to the risk of serious damage. In this paper, the separator control is adopted to accurately control the separator liquid level and pressure under severe slugging flow conditions. This indicates that the separator liquid level control alone does not have a significant impact on the upstream flow, but it is beneficial for normal operation and pressure control of the separator. As the separator pressure increases, the peak pressure in the riser apparently diminishes, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation gradually decreases, which means that severe slugging is inhibited. During the slug blowing out, the gas/liquid slipping in the riser intensifies. The long gas plug quickly flows through the riser, and then tends to morph into short and slowly flowing gas bubbles. The elimination effect of the pressure control strategy on severe slugging is related to the relative rate of the superficial gas/liquid flow.

关键词： Multiphase flow severe slugging separator control riser

A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第3期87卷 678-685页

作者： lü Junchang YI laiping ZHONG Hui WEI Xuefang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Ganzhou Museum of Natural History

A new somphospondylan sauropod （Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes）： Gannansaurus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. from the late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Ganzhou Basin, Jiangxi Province of southern China is erected based on one nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra. It is characterized by two centroprezygapophyseal lamina fossae; large, square-shaped concavity formed by centroprezygapophyseal lamina and dorsal margin of the centrum; large infraparapophyseal fossa; three openings present within the large lateral concavity, which occupy 65% length of the centrum; the posterior centroparapophyseal lamina （PCPl） and the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina （ACPl） weakly developed; the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina （PCDl） separated by an infradiapophyseal fossa into two branches dorsally; parapophyseal and diapophyseal laminae cross to form ＂K＂ configuration. It shares some characters with the Early Cretaceous form-Euhelopus, indicating that it is more closely related to Euhelopus rather than to other titanosauriform sauropods. This means Gannansaurus may have a close phylogenetic relationship with Euhelopus.

关键词： Ganzhou Jiangxi Province late Cretaceous Gannansaurus Somphospondyli Titanosauriformes

Fish embryo and juvenile size under hypoxia in the mouth- brooding African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 401-412页

作者： E.E. REARDON l.J. CHAPMAN Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal Quebec H3A 1B 1 Canada Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

We used a field survey and a laboratory rearing experiment to (a) examine response (size and survival) to life-long hypoxia in offspring of the African maternal mouth-brooding cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae (Seegers) and (b) explore the degree to which developmental response can be environmentally-induced. Embryo size metrics were quantified in 9 field populations across a range of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In the laboratory, first generation (F1) broods of low-DO origin were reared under high or low DO. Brooding period was quantified for the mothers; and egg size, egg metabolic rate and juvenile size-at-release were quantified in their (F2) offspring. The F2 offspring were split and grown for 3 months post-release under high or low DO, and juvenile size and survival were quantified. In the field survey, across stages, embryos from low-DO field populations were shorter and weighed less than embryos from high-DO populations. In the laboratory experiment, F2 eggs and juveniles-at-release from mother's mouth did not differ in mass, length, survival regardless of development DO environment. However, juveniles diverged in size after leaving mother's mouth, exhibiting smaller size when grown under low DO. Size differences in embryo size across field populations and divergence in embryo size after release from the mother's mouth support predictions for smaller body size under hypoxia. There was no evidence for negative effects on survival of juveniles after 3 months. Brooding period was 16% shorter in females reared under low DO suggesting that hypoxia may accelerate embryo development. This work provides insights into how bearer fishes respond to hypoxic stress relative to fishes with no post-spawning parental care; a shorter brooding interval and smaller body size may provide an optimal solution to parent and embryo survival under hypoxia in brooding fishes [Current Zoology 58 (3): 401-412, 2012].

关键词：胚胎存活率缺氧条件育雏期青少年鱼类多色非洲实验室实验

Tripartite entangled state,tripartite entangled Wigner operator and their generalization to an n-mode case

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第9期56卷 1642-1651页

作者： l CuiHong GU DanDan FAN HongYi WANG YaWei Faculty of Science Jiangsu University Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

For entangled three particles one should treat their wave function as a *** is no physical meaning talking about the wave function(or Wigner function) for any one of the tripartite,and therefore considering the entangled Wigner function(Wigner operator) is of *** this paper,we introduce a pair of mutually conjugate tripartite entangled state representations for defining the Wigner operator of entangled *** marginal distributions and the Wigner function of the three-mode squeezed vacuum state are *** wave function from its corresponding tripartite entangled Wigner function is also ***,through establishing the n-mode entangled state representation,we introduce the n-mode entangled Wigner operator,which would be more generally useful in quantum physics.

关键词：纠缠态表象运营商魏格纳 Wigner函数 n模 Wigner算符双模压缩真空态量子物理学

Fragility Assessment of Pre-Northridge Steel Moment Frames Using Finite-length Plastic Hinge Elements and Concentrated Plasticity Fracture Elements

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第9期120卷 657-676页

作者： Filipe l.A.Ribeiro Andre RBarbosa luis CNeves National laboratory of Civil Engineering(lNEC)&CERIS-Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability DECivilUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityOregonUSA and University of BristolBristolUK Resilience Engineering Research Group University of NottinghamNottinghamUK.

Although pre-Northridge earthquake steel moment resisting frame buildings have been shown to be susceptible to brittle connection failures,they still represent a large fraction of the existing steel buildings in the United States of *** this study,the performance of the 3-and 9-story los Angeles pre-Northridge SAC buildings are analyzed considering ductile and brittle beam-column connection failures,and their *** paper contributes to understanding the influence of uncertainty associated with connections brittle fracture on building interstory deformation capacity and its impact on bias and variability of fragility functions and loss *** results show that considering brittle connections leads to significantly l arger d rift demands a nd t o h igher r epair costs,particularly under intense ground *** fragility curve parameters are derived that account for the effect of the uncertainty of the strength and deformation capacity of brittle connections.

关键词： Brittle fracture finite-length p lastic h inge f ragility c urves r epair c ost ratio welded-flange connections

Dynamic analysis of a flameless combustion model combustor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 2291-2298页

作者： CUI YuFeng lüXuan XU Gang NIE ChaoQun Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Flameless combustion is a new technology with the following advantages:1)Ultra-low emissions of both NOX and CO;2)fuel flexibility,from liquid fuels,natural gas to hydrogen-rich syngas;3)lower possibility of flashback and thermoacoustic *** this paper,we focus on the dynamic characteristics of a flameless model *** results show that flameless combustion can lower emissions while maintaining combustion ***,combining a pilot flame with flameless combustion may excite thermoacoustic instability.

关键词： flameless combustion thermoacoustic oscillations dynamic pressure characteristics gas turbine

Effects of noisy quantum channels on one-qubit rotation gate

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第5期55卷 808-814页

作者： XU GuoFu Kwek l.C TONG DianMin Department of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Center for Quantum Technologies National University of SingaporeScience Drive 2 Singapore 117543Singapore

We investigate the effects of noisy quantum channels on the entanglement of cluster states and one way quantum computational *** take a basic model,the rotational gate about x axis based on the cluster state,in order to get the most essential effects of the paradigmatic noisy quantum *** entanglement of cluster states in the noisy channels and the fidelity between the rotated state without noisy channel and that with noisy channel are calculated.

关键词：量子通道旋转门量子比特量子计算量子纠缠噪声信道旋转状态高保真