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Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses

Journal of Sport and health Science 2021年第1期10卷 29-47,I0001页

作者： Claudio Di Lorito Annabelle Long Adrian Byrne rowan h.harwood John R.F.Gladman Stefan Schneider Pip Logan Alessandro Bosco Veronika van der Wardt Division of Rehabilitation Ageingand WellbeingSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUK Division of health Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUK Institute of Movement and Neurosciences German Sport UniversityCologne 50933Germany Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUK Center for Methodology and health Research Department of General MedicinePreventive and Rehabilitative MedicinePhilipps-Universität MarburgMarburg 35032Germany

Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is *** aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of metaanalyses of exercise interventions in older ***:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PsycInfo,MEDLINE,Embase,CINAhL,AMED,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria:(1)meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement(e.g.,effect sizes)on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions;(2)participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+or had a mean age of 70+;(3)meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise,including its duration,frequency,intensity,and mode of delivery;(4)interventions that included multiple components(e.g.,exercise and cognitive stimulation),with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component;and(5)meta-analyses that were published in any year or *** characteristics of the reviews,of the interventions,and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative *** of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the *** study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population,sample size,settings,outcomes,and intervention ***:The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training,meditative movement interventions,and exercise-based active ***:The review identified important gaps in research,including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions,the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes,and the impact of motivational strategies and of sig

关键词： Intervention Meta-analyses Old Physical exercise Systematic review

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Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.Pereira Martins Natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan rowan D.h.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

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The role of digital technologies in supporting and improving fishery and aquaculture across the supply chain-Quo Vadis?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第4期8卷 365-374页

作者： Neil J.rowan Bioscience Research Institute Technological University of the ShannonMidlands Midwest(TUS)AthloneN37 HD68Ireland Empower Eco^(™)Innovation hub TUSAthloneN37 HD68Ireland CURAM Research Centre NUIGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global ***,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global *** the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment *** viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and *** technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food *** focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric *** viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of *** includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by hatch *** digital Innovation hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish an

关键词： Digital transformation Sustainability End-to-end monitoring Food processing Disruptive innovation

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Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emitters distributing reclaimed wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 834-841页

作者： YAN Dazhuang BAI Zhihui Mike rowan GU Likun Ren Shumei YANG Peiling College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering the Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface ***,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed *** is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow *** study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial *** analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy（SEM） revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides（EPS） and formed sediment in the emitter flow *** of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide,and phospholipid fatty acids（PLFAs） showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and *** correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation ***,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path（Emitter C） had the best anti-clogging *** optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow *** study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.

关键词： emitter clogging, drip irrigation biofilm microbial community phospholipid fatty acid reclaimed wastewater scanningelectron microscopy

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The mathematical papers of Sir William rowan hamilton /

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丛书名： Cunningham memoir

1931年

作者： hamilton William rowan

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Development and application of molecular gut-content analysis to detect aphid and coccinellid predation by harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rondoni Kacie J. Athey James D. harwood Eric Contit Carlo Ricci John J. Obrycki Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and Department of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

Despite their positive effect in reducing pest populations, exotic generalist predators sometimes become invasive and contribute to the displacement of indigenous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked intraguild predation （IGP） to these interactions, field evidence and quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） in Italy raises concern about the detrimental effect that the ladybird could have on native coccinellids. here we assessed, under laboratory conditions, the acceptability and suitability of eggs of 2 native ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata L. and Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for h. axyridis larvae. Then we developed primers for molecular gut-content analysis to detect predation by h. axyridis on the 2 ladybirds and on the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were developed for the 3 species and laboratory feeding trials were conducted to quantify the rate of prey DNA breakdown in the gut of//. axyridis. Moreover, to field evaluate primers, h. axyridis 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected from linden trees in northern Italy and screened for the presence of prey DNA. Seventy-three percent and 7% of field collected h. axyridis were positive for aphid and coccinellid DNA, respectively. Predation upon aphid and A. bipunctata was lower than predicted if density dependent consumption was expected, while predation upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. here, we provided the first evidence of IGP among feral populations ofh. axyridis and indigenous ladybird beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

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Pediatric asthma severity score is associated with critical care interventions

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2017年第1期6卷 34-39页

作者： Danielle K Maue Nadia Krupp Courtney M rowan Department of Pediatric Critical Care Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Indiana University School of Medicine

AIM To determine if a standardized asthma severity scoring system(PASS) was associated with the time spent on continuous albuterol and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).METhODS This is a single center,retrospective chart review study at a major children's hospital in an urban *** qualify for this study,participants must have been admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of status *** were a total of 188 participants between the ages of two and nineteen,excluding patients receiving antibiotics for *** was calculated upon PICU *** were put into one of three categories based on PASS: ≤ 7(mild),8-11(moderate),and ≥ 12(severe).The groups were compared based on different variables,including length of continuous albuterol and PICU *** The age distribution across all groups was *** median length of continuous albuterol was longest in the severe group with a duration of 21.5 h(11.5-27.5),compared to 15(7.75-23.75) and 10(5-15) in the moderate and mild groups,respectively(P = 0.001).Thelength of stay was longest in the severe group,with a stay of 35.6 h(22-49) compared to 26.5(17-30) and 17.6(12-29) in the moderate and mild groups,respectively(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION A higher PASS is associated with a longer time on continuous albuterol,an increased likelihood to require noninvasive ventilation,and a longer stay in the *** may help safely distribute asthmatics to lower and higher levels of care in the future.

关键词： Asthma Noninvasive ventilation Critical care Albuterol

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Controlling the gelation temperature of biomimetic polyisocyanides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第2期29卷 281-284页

作者： Paul h.J. Kouwer Paula de Almeida Onno ven den Boomen Zaskia h. Eksteen-Akeroyd Roel hammink Maarten Jaspers Stijn Kragt Mathijs F.J. Mabesoone RoelandJ.M. Nolte Alan E. rowan Martin G.T.A. Rutten Vincent A.A. Le Sage Daniel C. Schoenmakers Chengfen Xing Jialiang xu Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 A J The Netherlands

Thermosensitive polymers show an entropy-driven transition from a well-solvated to a poorly solvated polymer chain, resulting in a more compact globular conformation. The transition at the lower critical solution temperature（LCST） is often sharp, which allows for a wide range of smart material *** the LCST, oligo（ethylene glycol）-substituted polyisocyanides（PICs） form soft hydrogels, composed of polymer bundles similar to biological gels, such as actin, fibrin and intermediate filaments. here, we show that the LCST of PICs strongly depends linearly on the length of the ethylene glycol（EG） tails; every EG group increases the LCSTand thus the gelation temperature by nearly 30 ℃. Using a copolymerisation approach, we demonstrate that we can precisely tailor the gelation temperature between 10 ℃ and 60 ℃and, consequently, tune the mechanical properties of the PIC gels.

关键词： Smart materials Lower critical solution temperature Polyisocyanides Mechanical properties Biomimetic polymers

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Memantine protects against the disruption of synaptic plasticity mediated by Aβ

Memantine protects against the disruption of synaptic plasti...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Roger Anwyl Michael J.rowan Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin 2Ireland

＜正＞Inappropriate processing of the proteolytic fragment of amyloid precursor protein,amyloidβ-protein（Aβ）,in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease（AD） may lead to the release of stable small oligomers that are highly mobile with the potential to be more toxic than larger fibrillar ***,the importance of such soluble species of Aβin triggering synaptic dysfunction,cognitive impairment long before significant neurodegeneration,has become apparent. In accordance with that,support for an involvement of NMDARs in the cognitive deficits of AD is provided by the current clinical use of ***,the ability of the NMDA receptor（NMDAR） antagonist memantine to prevent synthetic Aβ-mediated rapid functional deficits in synaptic plasticity was assessed in the rat in *** with a clinically relevant,NMDAR blocking concentration of memantine partially inhibited the induction of long-term potentiation（LTP） in the dentate gyrus and prevented further inhibition caused by exposure to Aβ*** acute incubating the slice for 2 h with memantine and chronic oral administration rescue the inhibition of LTP by Aβ.The acute protection afforded by memantine,albeit in a narrowdose range,against the rapid disruptive effects of soluble Aβ1-42 on synaptic plasticity strongly implicate NMDAR-dependent reversible dysfunction of synaptic mechanisms in Aβ-mediated cognitive impairment.

关键词： amyloid-βprotein memantine NMDA receptor long-term potentiation synaptic plasticity Alzheimer’s disease

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The Younger the Patients the Less Adverse Effect of Diminished Oocyte Reserve on Outcome Following in vitro Fertilization-embryo Transfer as Long as the Proper Ovarian Stimulation Protocol is Used

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2013年第4期24卷 221-227页

作者： Jerome h.ChECK Carrie WILSON Cooper Medical School of rowan University Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology&InfertilityCamdenNew JerseyUSA Cooper Institute For Reproductive hormonal Disorders P.C. MarltonNew JerseyUSA

Objective To determine the confounding effect of oocyte reserve and age on pregnancy rates per oocyte retrieval and a comparison of the average number of babies born from a given oocyte harvest. Methods In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET） cycles were retrospectively reviewed over a l O-year period They were stratified according to whether they had normal oocyte reserve （day 3 serum FSh 〈12 mlU/ml and serum estradiol 〈50 pg/ml） or diminished oocyte reserve. Mild stimulation was used if low oocyte reserve. The pregnancy rate per retrieval included all pregnancies （fresh or frozen embryo transfer） resulting from one retrieval. The average number of babies born was also compared according to reserve. Results For the diminished oocyte reserve group, the live delivered pregnancy rates per transfer were 80% as good in women aged 〈35 years, 70% as good in women 3639 years, but only 43% as good as women aged 40-42 years. however, because of more total embryos the pregnancy rate per given oocyte retrieval was only 55% as good for women with diminished oocyte reserve aged 〈39 years. The average number of babies born per retrieval was twice as high as those with normal reserve for this age group. Conclusion The use of mild follicle stimulating hormone （FSh） stimulation allows a live delivered pregnancy rate per transfer that is 75% as good for women aged 〈39 years but because of less embryos a likelihood of pregnancy rate per retrieval only half as good as women with normal reserve.

关键词： live delivered pregnancy rates ovarian reserve mild ovarian hyperstimulation

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