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Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel J.CUSWORTH William J.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly J.stevens Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a k.y agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

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与益生菌治疗相关的乳酸杆菌性脓毒症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 44-44页

作者： Land M.H. rouster-stevens k. Woods C.R. A.k. Shetty 王一飞 Department of Pediatrics Wake Forest University School of MedicineMedical Center BlvdWinston-Salem NC27157United States Dr.

Probiotic strains of lactobacilli are increasingly being used in clinical practice because of their many health benefits. Infections associated with probiotic strains of lactobacilli are extremely rare. We describe 2 patients who received probiotic lactobacilli and subsequently developed bacteremia and sepsis attributable to Lactobacillus species. Molecular DNA fingerprinting analysis showed that the Lactobacillus strain isolated from blood samples was indistinguishable from the probiotic strain ingested by the patients. This report indicates, for the first time, that invasive disease can be associated with probiotic lactobacilli. This report should not discourage the appropriate use of Lactobacillus or other probiotic agents but should serve as a reminder that these agents can cause invasive disease in certain populations.

关键词：乳酸杆菌益生菌脓毒症治疗相关杆菌性侵袭性疾病 DNA指纹临床治疗血液样本分析结果

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Association of physical activity with risk.of chronic k.dney disease in China:A population-based cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 204-211页

作者： k.xiang Shi Yunqing Zhu Jun Lv Dianjianyi Sun Pei Pei Huaidong Du Yiping Chen Ling Yang Bing Han Rebecca stevens Junshi Chen Zhengming Chen Liming Li Canqing Yu China k.doorie Biobank.collaborative group Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Pek.ng University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness&Response Beijing 100191China k.y Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Pek.ng University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100191China Clinical Trial Service Unit&Epidemiological Studies Unit(CTSU) Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37LFUK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford Oxford OX37LFUK NCDs Prevention and Control Department Henan Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhengzhou 450016China China National Center for Food Safety Risk.Assessment Beijing 100022China 不详

Back.round:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk.of chronic k.dney disease(Ck.)is *** aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with Ck. and its subtypes in ***:The study included 475,376 adults from the China k.doorie Biobank.aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at *** interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task.hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on *** regression was used to analyze the association between PA and Ck. ***:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident Ck. cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic k.dney disease(Dk.)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)*** PA was inversely associated with Ck. risk.with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident Ck. in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest *** results were observed for risk.of Dk. and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for Dk. risk.and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN *** nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk.of Ck.,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,***:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk.of Ck.,including Dk.,HTN,and other Ck.,and such associations were dose dependent.

关键词： Chronic k.dney disease Domain Intensity Physical activity

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovsk.tes

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen k.vin Li Ark. Majumdar PJames Schuck.Aditya Mohite Hayk.Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrick.on Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA k.R Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovsk.tes(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states k.own as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thick.esses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick.2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Sensory Ecology,Evolution,and Behavior

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 I0001-I0003页

作者： Martin stevens Department of Zoology University of Cambridge

1 Introduction Sensory ecology deals with how animals capture information from their environment,and the sensory systems involved in doing so(Hailman,1977;Lygoe,1979;Dusenbery, 1992;Mappes and stevens 2010).Although the

关键词：生态处理行为学感官进化行为生态学系统发育神经生物学分子生物学

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Anti-Predator Coloration and Behaviour： A Longstanding Topic with Many Outstanding Questions

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 702-707页

作者： Martin stevens Centre for Ecology & Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK

1 Introduction The study of anti-predator coloration and behaviour has a long and rich history in biology. It has from the very outset of Darwin＇s theory of natural selection provided numerous areas to test mechanisms and function in evolution. While Darwin perhaps concentrated most of his attention regarding animal coloration on his theory of sexual selection （Darwin, 1871）, his contem- poraries placed much greater emphasis and time to explain the variety of ways that coloration and behaviour protected animals from attack.from predators.

关键词：反捕食行为自然选择理论色彩保护动物达尔文着色生物学

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一个三维水动力学模型及其在水环境中的适用性试验

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水科学进展 2001年第2期12卷 143-152页

作者：秦伯强 David k.stevens 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所江苏南京210008 Department of Civil and Environment Engineering

发展了一个三维水动力学模型。该模型在水底磨擦项计算中，采用了流速的平方根法；在湍流扩散系数的估算中，采用了带稳定度函数的参数化方案；对垂直方向上的坐标进行了压缩，引入σ坐标；对时间变量则采用了分离模式技术，即外部模式... 详细信息

发展了一个三维水动力学模型。该模型在水底磨擦项计算中，采用了流速的平方根法；在湍流扩散系数的估算中，采用了带稳定度函数的参数化方案；对垂直方向上的坐标进行了压缩，引入σ坐标；对时间变量则采用了分离模式技术，即外部模式（快过程）与内部模式（慢过程）；而求解外部模式时，采用了显式一隐式格式交错法（ＡＤＩ），从而使模型不仅计算时间缩短，且可应用于水很深而水平空间尺度很小，又有热力分层的水域中。最后作为该模型的一个实用性试验，选择了美国犹他州ＥａｓｔＣａｎｙｏｎ水库，利用该模型探讨了温跃层对风、人流及出流变化的响应情况。

关键词：三维水力学模型水环境富营养化试验

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Do animal eyespots really mimic eyes？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 26-36页

作者： Martin stevens Graeme D RUXTON Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK School of Biology University of St Andrews Dyers Brae House St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH UK

The diversity of anti-predator adaptations in the natural world has long been an active area of research in evolutionary and behavioural biology. A common visually-obvious feature found on prey are ＇eyespots＇, being approximately circular mark. ings often with concentric rings and conspicuous colours. These are found on a range of animals, especially adult and larval Lepidoptera and fish. One of the most widespread functions of eyespots seems to be to intimidate or startle predators： delaying, preventing or halting an attack. However, while the fact that they can influence predators in this way is tmcuntroversial, the mechanism（s） behind why they are effective is debated. Traditionally, they have been assumed to work.by mimick.ng the eyes of the predator＇s own enemies, and much research in this field is conducted under the implicit or explicit assumption that this theory is correct. However, eyespots might work.simply by being highly salient stimuli that promote sensory overload, biases, or neo- phobic reactions in predators. A range of recent studies has aimed to test these alternatives. Here, we critically evaluate this work.and what it tells us about the mechanisms underlying eyespot function. We conclude that although eye mimicry is plausible, there remains a lack.of evidence to support it and most observations are at least equally consistent with alternative mechanisms. Finally we also discuss how the debate can be resolved

关键词： Eyespots Predation Animal coloration Mimicry Warning signals

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Interfacial Phenomena in Solvent Extraction and Its Influence on Process Performance

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 165-170页

作者： Geoffrey W. stevens Particulate Fluids Processing Centre Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Solvent extraction is now finding applications in a broader range of fields than the past. Many of these applications require process equipment with shorter contact times, and in some cases to the point where the traditional equilibrium stage approach is not a good model for predicting performance. In addition, feed streams are becoming lower in concentration of the solute. This means greater feed to solvent flow ratios are being used and so loss of organics as entrainment in the feed is more of a concern both economically and environmentally. These trends mean that a greater emphasis is being placed on the k.netics of extraction and stripping in models to predict performance and on formation and coalescence of drops to control entrainment. This paper reviews recent advances in the tools for investigating k.netics and coalescence in solvent extraction processes and some of the insights that are being uncovered in these fundamental processes in solvent extraction technology.

关键词： solvent extraction drop coalescence liquid interface k.netics

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Phosphorylation of the Pseudomonas Effector AvrPtoB by Arabidopsis SnRk..8 Is Required for Bacterial Virulence

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Molecular Plant 2020年第10期13卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lei Lei Danielle M.stevens Gitta Coak.r Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA

A critical component controlling bacterial virulence is the delivery of pathogen effectors into plant cells during *** alter host metabolism and immunity for the benefit of *** effectors are phosphorylated by host k.nases,and this posttranslational modification is important for their *** sought to identify host k.nases involved in effector *** phosphorylated effector residues matched the proposed consensus motif for the plant calcium-dependent protein k.nase(CDPk.and Snf1-related k.nase(SnRk.*** conserved Pseudomonas effector AvrPtoB acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes bacterial *** this study,we identified a member of the Arabidopsis SnRk.family,SnRk..8,which interacts with AvrPtoB in yeast and in *** showed that SnRk..8 was required for AvrPtoB virulence functions,including facilitating bacterial colonization,suppression of callose deposition,and targeting the plant defense regulator NPR1 and analyses receptor *** spectrometry analysis revealed that AvrPtoB phosphorylation occurs at multiple serine residues in planta,with S258 phosphorylation significantly reduced in the snrk..8 *** phospho-'null'mutants exhibited compromised virulence functions and were unable to suppress NPR1 accumulation,FLS2 accumulation,or inhibit FLS2-BAk. complex formation upon flagellin *** together,these data identify a conserved plant k.nase utilized by a pathogen effector to promote disease.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPtoB k.nase SnRk..8

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