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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2024年第1期16卷 47-74页

作者： Adyllyson H.Nascimento Eugenio s.Rosa department of Energy School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil

A computational code is.developed for the numerical solution of onedimensional transient gas-liquid flows using drift-flux models,in isothermal and also with phase change *** these two-phase models,classical upwind schemes such as Roe-and Godunov-type schemes are generally difficult to derive and expensive to use,since there are no treatable analytic expressions for the Jacobian matrix,eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system of *** the other hand,the highorder compact finite difference scheme becomes an attractive alternative on these occasions,as it does not make use of any wave propagation information from the system of *** present paper extends the localized artificial diffusivity method for high-order compact finite difference schemes to solve two-phase flows with *** numerical method has simple formulation,straightforward implementation,low computational cost and,most importantly,*** numerical methodology propos.d is validated by solving several numerical examples given in the *** simulations are sixth-order accurate and it is shown that the propos.d numerical method provides accurate approximations of shock waves and contact *** is an essential property for simulations of realistic mass transport problems relevant to operations in the petroleum industry。

关键词： Compressible two-phase flows drift-flux model localized artificial diffusivity highorder numerical methods

Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against egg and larval stages of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： BUsNOOR Abhishek V. WAdAsKAR R.M. FANd Babasaheb B. TAMBE V.J. PILLAI T. MAHULE d.J. NAGRARE V.s. PRAs.d Y.G. Entomology section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

Background The cryptic nature of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella(saunders)larvae enables its reduced vul-nerability to insecticidal ***,the development of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxins pos.d a serious threat to transgenic cotton *** necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control *** study assess.d the influence of egg age(freshly laid ***-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly expos.d to the insecticide res.dues on the boll rind *** ins.de the bolls)on insecticide control *** The results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,Pdirectly expos.d to the insec-ticide res.dues on the boll rind were more susceptible(>80%mortality)than the larvae expos.d after they had bur-rowed ins.de the bolls(s of tested insecticides on developmental biology were more pronounced in the experiment on pre-larval release insecticide treatment compared with insecticide treatment given post-larval release and entry ins.de the *** Egg age influences the insecticide susceptibility,as.does the larval location,directly expos.d vs bur-rowed ins.de the *** eggs and the larvae that had burrowed ins.de the green bolls of cotton were relatively less susceptible to the insecticide *** toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily *** findings are significant for devising a comprehensive strategy for pink bollworm management on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Bioefficacy Cotton Insecticides Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Timings of spray

Comparing the structural Parameters of the Milky Way to Other spiral Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 10-28页

作者： Jacob A.Guerrette Aleksandr V.Mosenkov dallin spencer Zacory d.shakespear department of Physics and AstronomyN283 EsCBrigham Young University ProvoUT 84602USA

The structural parameters of a galaxy can be us.d to gain insight into its formation and evolution *** this paper,we strive to compare the Milky Way’s structural parameters to other,primarily edge-on,spiral galaxies in order to determine how our Galaxy measures up to the Local *** our comparison,we use the galaxy structural parameters gathered from a variety of literature sources in the optical and near-infrared wave *** compare the scale length,scale height,and disk flatness for both the thin and thick disks,the thick-to-thin disk mass ratio,the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio,and the mean pitch angle of the Milky Way’s spiral arms to those in other *** conclude that many of the Milky Way’s structural parameters are largely ordinary and typical of spiral galaxies in the Local Universe,though the Galaxy’s thick disk appears to be appreciably thinner and less extended than expected from zoom-in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies with a significant contribution of galaxy mergers involving satellite galaxies.

关键词： Galaxy disk-galaxies fundamental parameters-Galaxy structure

Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma dhanashree Paranjpe Robert d.Cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry sinervo department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals us.d by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards.displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard Franck Courchamp sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy CNRs Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD Laboratoire évolution & diversité Biologique (EdB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was.done at the global scale and cons.ders all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We cons.dered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Cons.dering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade socioeconomic Trait

superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its.deformation mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.Jeong s.W.Lee W.J.Kim department of Materials science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily compos.d of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to cons.der this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2d and 3d formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various.deformation mechanisms.derived bas.d on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy superplasticity severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

Garg incontinence scores: New scoring system on the horizon to evaluate fecal incontinence. Will it make a difference?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 204-210页

作者： Petr Tsarkov Inna Tulina Parvez sheikh darya d shlyk Pankaj Garg department of Colorectal surgery Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow 119991Russia department of Oncologic Colorectal surgery Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow 119991Russia department of Colorectal surgery Saifee HospitalMumbai 400004MaharashtraIndia department of Colorectal surgery Garg Fistula Research InstitutePanchkula 134113HaryanaIndia

The main aim of this opinion review is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:4593–*** authors in the published article developed a new scoring system,Garg incon-tinence scores(GIs),for fecal incontinence(FI).FI is a chronic debilitating disease that has a severe negative impact on the quality of life of the *** IV criteria define FI as multiple epis.des of solid or liquid stool pass.d into the clothes at least twice a *** associated social stigmatization often leads to significant under-reporting of the condition,which further impairs *** important point is that the complexity and vagueness of the disease make it difficult for the patients to properly define and report the magnitude of the problem to their *** to this,the management becomes even more *** issue is resolved up to a cons.derable extent by a scoring *** were several scoring systems in use for the last three *** prominent of them were the Cleveland Clinic scoring system or the Wexner scoring system,*** Hospital or Vaizey’s scores,and the FI severity ***,there were several shortcomings in these scoring *** the opinion review,we tried to analyze the strength of GIs and compare it to the existing scoring *** main pitfalls in the existing scoring systems were that most of them gave equal weightage to different types of FI(solid,liquid,flatus,etc.),were not comprehensive,and took only the surgeon’s perception of FI into *** GIs,almost all shortcomings of previous scoring systems had been address.d:different weights were assigned to different types of FI by a robust statistical methodology;the scoring system was made comprehensive by including all types of FI that were previously omitted(urge,stress and mucus FI)and gave priority to patients’rather than the physicians’perceptions while developing the scoring *** to this,GIs in

关键词： Fecal incontinence scoring system Urge stress Flatus

Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra sushant Ciliveri Jose d Avila William dernell stuart B Goodman susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America department of Orthopedic surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions.displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3d printing antibacterial performance

Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Titanium(IV) Complexes with Fluorinated and Non-fluorinated Aliphatic Phenoxyimine Ligands

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2024年第1期42卷 52-62,I0007页

作者： Vladislav A.Tuskaev Kasim F.Magomedov svetlana Ch.Gagieva dmitry A.Kurmaev Yulia V.Nelyubina Evgenii K.Golubev Maria d.Evseeva Viktor G.Vasil'ev Galina G.Nikiforova Mikhail I.Buzin Vyacheslav s.Bogdanov Boris M.Bulychev department of Chemistry M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119992Russian Federation A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119991Russian Federation Enikolopov Institute of synthetic Polymer Materials Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 117393Russian Federation

A series of Ti(Ⅳ) dichloride and dialkoxide com plexes with phenoxyimine ligands containing fluorinated and nonfluorinated aliphatic imine fragments have been *** molecular structures of complexes 1 and 4 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction *** complexes adopt a distorted octahedral coordination structure around the titanium atom and two oxygen atoms are situated in trans position while two nitrogen atoms and two outgoing ligands(Cl or iPrO) are situated in cis *** of activators(MMAO-12 and combinations Et_nAICl_(3-n)+Bu_(2)Mg) and outgoing ligand(Cl or iPrO) nature on the catalytic activity and properties of the resulting polymers was *** Ti complexes.despite the nature of the outgoing ligands(Cl or iPrO) in the presence of Al/Mg activators,was found to display a high ethylene polymerization activity in the range 1600-3830 kg_(polymer)·mol_(Ti)^(-1)·h^(-1)·atm^(-1) with a viscosity average molecular weight(M_v) value in the range 1.1×10~6-7.1×10~6 dalton(da).The resulting UHMWPE can be process.d by a solventless method into high-strength and high-modulus oriented *** rheological characteristics of a polymer melt have been *** absence of a cross-over point did not allow to compare the values of the molecular weight distribution of polymers obtained on fluorinated and non-fluorinated pre-catalysts,however,the estimation of the entanglement density is in good agreement with the mechanical characteristics of oriented film *** activation with methylalumoxane,the activity of the com plexes.decreas.d very significantly;however,a polymer with a molecular weight of about 12 million da was *** the process of ethylene/octene-1 copolymerization,fluorine-containing precatalysts showed a clear advantage over non-fluorinated analogues both in activity and in comonomer content.

关键词： FI catalysts Titanium(IV) (Co)polymerization Al/Mg co-catalyst Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

Isolated traumatic orbital floor fracture:An analysis of the National Trauma data Bank

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2024年第3期10卷 187-192页

作者： Emma de Ravin d Katherine Xu Christian Fritz Harman s.Parhar Karthik Rajasekaran department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman school of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Leonard davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:To date,no study provides a comprehensive analysis of traumatic orbital floor fractures across the United *** aimed to characterize patient demographics,injury-related variables,and operative management in this ***:The National Trauma data Bank was queried for open or clos.d orbital floor fractures from 2008 to *** data were ***:Overall,148,592 orbital floor fractures were identified,with 142,577(95.9%)clos.d-and 6158(4.1%)open-type fractures.A total of 106,243(71.5%)patients were male and the median patient age was 41 *** majority of patients(79.2%)had abbreviated injury scale scores of≤2,indicating minor/moderate *** mechanism of injury(MOI)differed by gender,with the most frequent being unarmed fights in men(34.3%)and falls in women(14.0%).There were 29,600 patients(19.9%)with isolated orbital floor(I-OF)*** MOI most strongly associated with operative intervention of with I-OF fractures were penetrating injuries caus.d by a firearm(odds ratio[OR]:2.91;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.62–5.20)and cuttings/piercings(OR:2.17;95%CI:1.29–3.65).Conclusion:This large epidemiological study reveals that orbital floor fractures tend to present with minor or moderate injuries and are more likely to require operative intervention in setting of firearm or cut/pierce injuries.

关键词： epidemiology National Trauma data Bank orbital fracture risk factors trauma