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区块链技术赋能消费者参与：食品安全与消费者信任提升的新兴潘多拉效应？

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粮油食品科技 2024年

作者： Bianca roth 蔡娣斯图加特大学社会科学系德国联邦风险评估研究所风险沟通部国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食质量安全研究所

目前，食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式，以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统，这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者的主动参与，显著增强他们对食品安全管理体系的信任度。... 详细信息

目前，食品安全治理亟需采纳涵盖消费者参与的共治模式，以应对日益复杂的食品安全挑战。企业已经部署了基于区块链技术的去中心化食品追踪系统，这一创新举措旨在通过激发消费者的主动参与，显著增强他们对食品安全管理体系的信任度。本论文综合社会科学、经济学以及食品安全治理领域的跨学科理论，深入探讨了影响消费者参与度和信任度的因素。此外，着重分析了区块链技术实施在加深消费者信任方面的潜力和影响。通过提出一个包含理论分析与实证研究的综合研究议程，以期为全球食品供应链中区块链技术的应用及其对消费者信任的影响提供更深入的理解。

关键词：食品安全消费者参与度区块链食品可追溯性信任

Evaluation of disease burden and symptom scores in patients with acute atrial fi brillation in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第5期15卷 397-400页

作者： Nikola Schütz Dominik roth Michael Prinz Filippo Cacioppo Sebastian Schnaubelt Alexander O.Spiel Hans Domanovits Harald Herkner Department of Emergency Medicine Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Emergency Medicine Clinic OttakringVienna 1160Austria

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a major public health problem and poses a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.[1-4]The emergency department(ED)serves as the first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays a key role in the management of patients with AF,which accounts for 3%-10%of all hospital admissions.[5]Treatment plans are often discussed and initiated at the ED.

关键词： patients atrial acute

靶向肌肉神经重建可预防和逆转神经离断后大鼠的疼痛行为

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2024年第2期30卷 81-84页

作者：胡军(译) 郑拥军(校) 复旦大学附属华东医院

靶向肌肉神经重建(targeted muscle reinnervation,TMR)技术是一种预防或减轻残肢痛的干预措施。与早期TMR相比,伤后较长时间TMR的效果较差。由于在TMR中控制断端神经疼痛缓解的机制尚不清楚,所以该研究使用了一个临床前模型作为机制研... 详细信息

靶向肌肉神经重建(targeted muscle reinnervation,TMR)技术是一种预防或减轻残肢痛的干预措施。与早期TMR相比,伤后较长时间TMR的效果较差。由于在TMR中控制断端神经疼痛缓解的机制尚不清楚,所以该研究使用了一个临床前模型作为机制研究的平台。在保留性神经损伤(spared nerve injury,SNI)之后,大鼠接受TMR、单纯神经瘤切除术或损伤部位的假手术。干预措施在SNI后立即或延迟(3或12周)进行。疼痛行为通过对机械刺激(针、vonFrey和动态刷)和冷热刺激(丙酮和辐射热)的敏感性来衡量。SNI对所有机械刺激和寒冷产生超敏反应,并且在假手术后持续存在。SNI时行TMR可阻止大鼠疼痛行为的发生,3周后行TMR可使大鼠疼痛行为恢复至基础水平。相比之下,SNI术后3周行神经瘤切除术较TMR对痛觉过敏的改善更明显,但在术后12周时无明显效果。此模型中,在伤后3周内进行TMR可以减轻神经切断引起的疼痛表型,伤后12周延迟TMR未能缓解疼痛行为。该研究重现了截肢手术的临床经验,证明该模型用于研究TMR镇痛机制的有效性。

关键词：截肢手术肌肉神经机械刺激超敏反应冷热刺激辐射热 TMR 痛觉过敏

Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 168-173页

作者： Irma Eneida Dos Santos Joseph Matar Mass Ndiaye Mariama Diambone Badji Alioune Abdoulaye Ndongo Gerauld Akpo Jean Pierre Diagne Gabriel Karold Mendy Mouhamed Attye Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Elhadji Amadou Ba Paule Aida Ndoye roth Ophthalmology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiological Imaging Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Ophthalmology Department of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal

Aim: To report a familial case of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa identified at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar and to describe their clinical characteristics ophthalmic. Observation: We report a sibling group of nine children, four died at a young age from unknown causes. Three children were affected by retinitis pigmentosa, two cases were syndromic. A history of nyctalopia was found in all three affected children. The mean age of onset of decreased visual acuity was 6.6 years. Patient 1 affected by syndromic retinitis pigmentosa had an extraocular sign of cystic dilation of the main bile duct. Patient 2 had myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and the molar tooth sign on cerebral MRI (highly suggestive of Joubert syndrome). The third child had isolated retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological examinations (fundus examination, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials) and pediatric examinations in the remaining two children were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare degenerative disease that can be associated with several other malformations, highlighting the importance of screening for associated conditions. It presents a grim functional prognosis and a life prognosis dependent on extraocular manifestations. Molecular biology (karyotyping, next-generation sequencing) could have identified the implicated genes and allowed for a formal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

关键词： Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndromic Heredity Ciliopathy

Aversive and non-reward learning in the fire-bellied toad using familiar and unfamiliar prey stimuli

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 709-716页

作者： Ursula DICKE： Antje HEIDORN Gerhard roth Brain Research Institute University of Bremen 28334 Bremen Germany

The present study investigated how snapping behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar prey is modified by reward omission and aversive conditioning in the f^re-bellied toad Bombina orientalis. Toads were trained to snap at cricket images by rewarding them with live crickets. The task was learned, and the learning criterion （10 snapping responses within 2 minutes） was reached in all individuals investigated. Subsequent reward omission did not alter the frequency of snapping to the familiar cricket stimulus. Snapping decreased only in some individuals, when a mild foot shock was applied at snapping. However, at presenta- tion of images of hitherto unfamiliar meal worms and foot-shock application at snapping to the stimulus, the majority of toads diminished snapping significantly. Snapping responses decreased more rapidly, when snapping at meal worms was not rewarded or a footshock was applied uncorrelated to the presentation of or snapping at meal worms. These results demonstrate that in toads familiarity and unfamiliarity of prey stimuli are important factors in aversive learning, because well-trained responses to familiar stimuli become immune against reward omission. Furthermore, at presentation of unfamiliar stimuli, omission of reward and un- correlated footshock had a stronger aversive effect than correlated footshock [Current Zoology 57 （6）： 709-716, 2011 ].

关键词： Negative conditioning Food preference Amphibian Bombina orientalis Response extinction

Predictors of disease severity in ulcerative colitis patients from Southwestern Ontario

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 232-236页

作者： Lee S roth Nilesh Chande Terry Ponich Maya L roth James Gregor Division of Gastroenterology London Health Sciences Centre Victoria Hospital800 Commissioner’s Road EastLondon OntarioN6A 5W9Canada Operational Stress Injury Clinic Parkwood HospitalLondonOntarioN6C 5J1Canada

AIM:To understand the demographic characteristics of patients in Southwestern Ontario,Canada with ulcerative colitis(UC)in order to predict disease severity. METHODS:Records from 1996 to 2001 were exam- ined to create a database of UC patients seen in the London Health Sciences Centre South Street Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease *** be included, patients'charts were required to have information of their disease presentation and a minimum of 5 years of *** were reviewed using standardized data collection *** severity was generated during the chart review process,and non-endoscopic Mayo Score criteria were collected into a composite. RESULTS:One hundred and two consecutive patients'data were entered into the *** analyses revealed that 51%of the patients were male, the mean age at diagnosis was 39 years,13.7%had a first degree relative with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),61.8%were nonsmokers and 24.5%were *** 22.5%of patients the disease was limited to the rectum,in 21.6%disease was limited to the sigmoid colon,in 22.5%disease was limited to the left colon,and 32.4%of patients had pancolitis. Standard multiple regression analysis which regressed a composite of physician global assessment of disease severity,average number of bowel movements,and average amount of blood in bowel movements on year of diagnosis and age at time of diagnosis was significant,R 2=0.306,F(7,74)=4.66,P<0.01. Delay from symptoms to diagnosis of UC,gender, family history of IBD,smoking status and disease severity at the time of diagnosis didnot significantly predict the composite measure. CONCLUSION:UC severity is associated with younger age at diagnosis and year of diagnosis in a longitudinal cohort of UC patients,and may identify prognostic UC indicators.

关键词： Demographic Disease severity Prognosis Ulcerative colitis

Field-Scale Contaminant Transport Through Soils:Current Understanding and Open Questions

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Pedosphere 1999年第4期9卷 339-350页

作者： ZHANGJIABAO K．roth InstituteofSoilScience theChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008China InstituteofEnvironmentalPhysic

Agro-chemical transport processes at different scales are discussed and relevant opening questions areidentified by literature review to make some suggestions concerning the improvement of research methods forfield scale solute transport by aid of evaluation of existing models, and examining transport behaviors of solutein vadose zones on different scales. The results indicate that present research progress and understanding onfield scale solute transport have not yet been enough to guarantee the use of our models for the management offield solute movement. Much more research work needs to be done, particularly, in aspects of high resolutionof spatial structures relevant to the hydraulic and transport properties, explicit numerical simulation of actualstructure on field scale and field measurement corroborated with model development.

关键词： contaminant transport field scale modeling

Highly N-doped carbon with low graphitic-N content as anode material for enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency of lithium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2023年第2期5卷 236-249页

作者： Yihua Tang Jingjing Chen Zhiyong Mao Christina roth Dajian Wang Department of Electrochemical Process Engineering Universitat BayreuthBayreuthGermany Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering Bavarian Center for Battery Technology(BayBatt)BayreuthGermany Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjinPR China

N-doped carbons as one of the most prominent anode materials to replace standard graphite exhibit outstanding Li+storage ***,N-doped carbon anodes still suffer from low N-doping levels and low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).In this study,high N-doped and low graphitic-N carbons(LGNCs)with enhanced ICE were synthesized by taking advantage of a denitrification strategy for graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).In brief,more than 14.5 at%of N from g-C_(3)N_(4)(55.1 at%N)was retained by reacting graphitic-N with lithium,which was subsequently *** graphitic-N is largely responsible for the irreversible capacity,the anode's performance was significantly *** to general N-doped carbons with high graphitic-N proportion(>50%)and low N content(ading to an enhanced specific capacity of 1499.9mAh g^(-1) at an ICE of 93.7% for the optimal sample of LGNC(4:1).This study provides a facile strategy to control the N content and speciation,achieving both high Li+storage capacity and high ICE,and thus promoting research and application of N-doped carbon materials.

关键词： denitrification graphitic carbon nitride graphitic-N lithium-ion batteries N-doped carbon

Deuterium retention in chemically vapor deposited tungsten carbide coatings and hot-rolled tungsten exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma

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Tungsten 2022年第1期4卷 10-19页

作者： Vladimir Kh.Alimov Joachim roth Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik 85748 GarchingGermany

Samples of chemically vapor deposited(CVD)coatings of tungsten carbides W_(45)C_(55)and W_(60)C_(40)and samples of hot-rolled tungsten were exposed to deuterium(D)plasma at sample temperatures ranging from 323 to 813 K,as a result of which the samples were irradiated with D ions with an energy of about 200 eV per D particle at a flux of D particles of about1.1×10^(21)D·m^(-2)·s^(-1)to a fluence of about 2×10^(24)D·m^(-2).The concentration of deuterium in these samples was examined by the D(3 He,p)4 He nuclear *** on the measured deuterium depth profiles and assuming that these profiles are determined by diffusing D atoms,the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in the CVD tungsten carbide coatings were *** these diffusion coefficients,an estimate of the Arrhenius relation for the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in CVD tungsten carbide coatings was obtained:D=2.5×10^(-3)exp(-1.12 eV/kT)m~2·s^(-1),where T is temperature expressed in Kelvin,and k is the Boltzmann *** concentration of trapped deuterium in the bulk of CVD tungsten carbide coatings is practically independent of the stoichiometry of the *** decreases from about 5×10^(-2)to about 7×10^(-4)D/(W+C)with an increase in the deuterium plasma exposure temperature from 373 to 813 *** concentration of trapped deuterium in hot-rolled tungsten,expressed in units of the D/W atomic ratio,is more than an order of magnitude lower than the concentration of deuterium in tungsten carbides,and also decreases with increasing plasma exposure temperature.

关键词： Chemically vapor deposited tungsten carbides Tungsten Deuterium plasma Deuterium depth profiles Deuterium diffusion coefficients