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Heat tolerance may determine activity time in coprophagic beetle species (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1076-1086页

作者： nonofo Gotcha Honest machekano ross n.Cuthbert Casper nyamukondiwa Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana GEOmAR Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung KielKielGermany

Although reports have documented loss of species diversity and ecological services caused by stressful temperature changes that result from climate change,some species cope through behavioral *** temperatures and magnitudes of temperature extremes increase,animals should compensate to maintain fitness(such as through temporary behavioral shifts in activity times).Appropriate timing of activity helps avoid competition across *** coprophagic dung beetles exhibit species-specific temporal activity times,it is unknown whether temperature drives evolution of these species-specific temporal activity *** nine dung beetle species(three each of diurnal,crepuscular,and nocturnal species),we explored differences in heat stress tolerance measured as critical thermal maxima(CTmax;the highest temperature allowing activity)and heat knockdown time(HKDT;survival time under acute heat stress)across these species,and examined the results using a phylogenetically informed *** results showed that day-active species had significantly higher CTmax(diurnal>crepuscular=nocturnal species),whereas crepuscular species had higher HKDT(crepuscular>nocturnal>diurnal species).There was no correlation between heat tolerance and body size across species with distinct temporal activity,and no significant phylogenetic constraint for *** with higher CTmax did not necessarily have higher HKDT,which indicates that species may respond differently to diverse heat tolerance *** heat tolerance for diurnal beetles indicates that this trait may constrain activity time and,under high acute temperatures with climate change,species may shift activity times in more benign *** results contribute to elucidate the evolution of foraging behavior and management of coprophagic beetle ecosystem services under changing environments.

关键词： biodiversity climate change dung beetle ecosystem services thermal tolerance

Dichotomy in crustal melting on early mars inferred from antipodal effect

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 107-113页

作者： Lei Zhang Jinhai Zhang ross n.m.tchell Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The martian crustal dichotomy(mCD)between the southern highlands and the northern lowlands is the planet’s most ancient crustal structure,but its origins and evolution remain *** of the mCD comes largely from present-day and shallow crustal *** ancient and deeper constraints,hypotheses for the origin of the mCD range from an early giant impact,partial melting from sustained mantle convection,or some *** investigate with seismological modeling the best-preserved case of the“antipodal effect”-energy from an impact that concentrates and induces uplift and fracturing promoting volcanism at its antipode-the Hellas crater and the Alba Patera volcano on mars.

关键词： crustal shallow mantle

Exotic parrots breeding in urban tree cavities: nesting requirements, geographic distribution, and potential impacts on cavity nesting birds in southeast Florida

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 459-468页

作者： Joshua m.Diamond michael S.ross Florida International University Earth & Environment

Background:Exotic parrots have established breeding populations in southeast Florida,including several species that nest in tree *** aimed to determine the species identity,nest site requirements,relative nest abundance,geographic distribution,and interactions of parrots with native cavity-nesting bird ***:We searched miami-Dade County,Florida,and nearby areas for natural cavities and holes excavated by woodpeckers,recording attributes of potential nest *** inspected all cavities with an elevated video inspection system to determine occupancy by parrots or other *** mapped nearly 4000 citizen science observations of parrots in our study area corresponding to our study period,and used these to construct range maps,comparing them to our nesting ***:not all parrots reported or observed in our study area were actively *** parrots were observed at tree cavities,which previous studies have suggested is evidence of reproduction,but our inspections with an elevated video inspection system suggest they never initiated nesting *** parrot species did successfully nest in tree cavities,Red-masked Parakeets(Psittacara erythrogenys)and Orange-winged Parrots(Amazona amazonica)being the most common(n=7 and 6 nests,respectively).These two parrots had similar nesting requirements,but Orange-winged Parrots use nests with larger entrance holes,which they often *** analysis of nests combined with citizen science data indicate that parrots are limited to developed *** most common parrots were less abundant cavity nesters than the native birds which persist in miami’s urban areas,and far less abundant than the invasive European Starling(Sturnus vulgaris).Conclusions:Exotic parrots breeding elsewhere in the world have harmed native cavity-nesting birds through interference competition,but competitive interference in southeast Florida is minimized by the urban affinities of parrots in this ***

关键词： Amazona Cavity nest webs Invasive species Parakeets Psittacara Urban ecology

Context-dependent integrated stress resistance promotes a global invasive pest

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1790-1804页

作者： Vimbai L.Tarusikirwa ross n.Cuthbert Reyard mutamiswa Casper nyamukondiwa Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana GEOmAR Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung Kiel KielGermany School of Biological Sciences Queen's University BelfastNorth ern IrelandUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Tugwi-mukosi multidisciplinary Research Institute Midlands State UniversityGweruZimbabwe Department of Zoology and Entomology.Rhodes University MakhandaSouth Africa

In nature,insects concurrently face multiple environmental stressors,a sce-nario likely increasing with climate *** stress resistance(ISR)thus often improves fitness and could drive invasiveness,but how physiological mechanisms influ-ence invasion has lacked ***,we investigated cross-tolerance to abiotic stress factors which may influence range limits in the South American tomato pinworm a global invader that is an ecologically and socially damaging crop ***,we tested the effects of prior rapid cold-and heat-hardening(RCH and RHH),fasting,and desiccation on cold and heat tolerance traits,as well as starvation and desiccation sur-vivability between *** life *** effects on critical thermal minima(CT_(min))and maxima(CT_(max))were inconsistent,showing significantly deleterious effects of RCH on adult CT_(max) and CT_(min) and,conversely,beneficial acclimation effects of RCH on larval CT_(min).While no beneficial effects of desiccation acclimation were recorded for desiccation tolerance,fasted individuals had significantly higher survival in adults,whereas fasting negatively affected larval ***,fasted and desiccation acclimated adults had significantly higher starvation tolerance,showing strong evidence for *** results show context-dependent ISR traits that may promote *** fitness and *** the frequent overlapping occurrence of these divergent stressors,ISR reported here may thus partly elucidate the observed rapid global spread of *** into more stressful environments than *** information is vital in determining the underpinnings of multistressor responses,which are fundamental in forecasting species responses to changing environments and management responses.

关键词： acclimation cross-talk cross-tolerance invasive species thermal tolerance tomato leaf miner

Evolving mantle convection from bottom up to top down

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The Innovation 2022年第6期3卷 13-14页

作者： ross n.m.tchell michael Brown Thomas m.Gernon Christopher J.Spencer State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Crustal Petrology Department of GeologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of Ocean and Earth Science University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO224JRUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 2N8Canada

When it comes to convection,what goes up must come *** is it,what goes down must come up?The truth is,it *** convection must be mass-balanced,there is no reason that it must be force-balanced:the positive and negative buoyancy forces driving convection up and down,respectively,do not necessarily need to be *** balance,or imbalance,all depends on the top and bottom boundary layers.

关键词： necessarily boundary hough

Trial by fire:Testing the paleolongitude of Pangea of competing reference frames with the African LLSVP

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1253-1256页

作者： ross n.m.tchell Lei Wu J.Brendan murphy Zheng-Xiang Li State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWAAustralia Department of Earth Sciences St.Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonishNova ScotiaCanada

Paleogeography can be reconstructed using various crust-or mantle-based reference frames that make fundamentally different *** various reconstruction models differ significantly in continental paleolongitude,but it has been difficult to assess which models are more *** suggest here a "LLSVP test",where an assumed correlation between present-day large low velocity shear-wave provinces and the paleogeography of supercontinent Pangea at breakup ca.200 million years ago can be used to assess the relative accuracy of published *** correlations between continental paleolongitude and the African LLSVP are achieved with mantle-based reference frames(moving hotspots and true polar wander),whereas shallower crustbased reference frames are shown to be *** relative success of mantle-based frames,and thus the importance of the depth of reference frame,supports the notion that mantle convection is largely vertical compared to the horizontal plate motion of tectonics.

关键词： Palaeogeography Plate tectonics LLSVPs Reference frames

Phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer and its implications for the human gut microbiome

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 78-89页

作者： Tatiana Borodovich Andrey n.Shkoporov R.Paul ross Colin Hill APC microbiome Ireland University College CorkCorkIreland School of microbiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and *** spread of antibiotic resistance genes,virulence,and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of *** exists of extensive horizontal transfer in the human gut *** transduction is a type of HGT event in which a bacteriophage transfers non-viral DnA from one bacterial host cell to *** abundance of tailed bacteriophages in the human gut suggests that transduction could act as a significant mode of HGT in the gut *** we review in detail the known mechanisms of phage-mediated HGT,namely specialized and generalized transduction,lateral transduction,gene-transfer agents,and molecular piracy,as well as methods used to detect phage-mediated HGT,and discuss its potential implications for the human gut microbiome.

关键词： gut phageome horizontal gene transfer gene transduction phage-mediated gene transfer

A new inclination-based method to evaluate the global geomagnetic configuration and axial dipole moment

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第4期6卷 359-365页

作者： KaiHua Xu Fei He Yong Wei ross n.m.tchell Si Chen YuQi Wang ZhaoJin Rong Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

The strength and configuration of the geomagnetic field control the average shape of the *** pure dipole assumption and the virtual dipole moment(VDm),determined by individual records,have been widely adopted to evaluate the strength of the geomagnetic field in geological ***,such an assumption might not be valid during geomagnetic transitions,such as reversals and *** traditional spherical harmonic modeling of the geomagnetic field could be difficult to implement because accurate global records are ***,we report that an empirical relationship exists between the ratio of the VDm to the true axial dipole moment(VDm/ADm)and the ratio of the power of the axial dipole to that of the non-axial dipole(AD/nAD)based on a new method utilizing globally distributed inclination *** root mean square global deviation of inclination(RmSΔI)to the standard inclination distribution of the AD was fitted to the AD/nAD with a cubic polynomial by utilizing a large number of geodynamo *** with geomagnetic field models showed that the AD/nAD derived from the RmSΔI agreed well with that calculated by using the Gauss coefficients,and the estimated ADm was consistent with the true ***,the application of volcanic records during the Laschamp excursion showed the VDm might overestimate the ADm by a factor of *** new method will be useful in future studies that characterize the configuration of the geomagnetic field and the strength of the axial dipole.

关键词： axial dipole magnetic inclination virtual dipole moment

Are flexibility and muscle-strengthening activities associated with functional limitation?

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Sports medicine and Health Science 2022年第2期4卷 95-100页

作者： Craig E.Pfeifer Leanna m.ross Samantha R.Weber Xuemei Sui Steven n.Blair Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina921 Assembly StColumbiaSC29208United States Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of GloucestershireUniversity of Gloucestershire Oxstalls CampusOxstalls LnLonglevens GL29HWUnited Kingdom Duke molecular Physiology Institute Duke University School of Medicine300 N Duke StDurhamNC27701United States Department of nursing and Health Sciences Limestone University1115 College DrGaffneySC29340United States

This retrospective cohort study examined the relationship between self-reported participation in flexibility and muscular strengthening activities and the development of functional limitation(i.e.,once an individual has difficulty with or becomes unable to perform activities of daily living).Data were obtained from 1318 adults(mean age 49.59.7 years;98.7%Caucasian;14.9%female)enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study from 1979 to 2004 and free of functional limitation at ***-back health surveys were used to prospectively determine incident functional *** in muscle-strengthening and flexibility activities was assessed via *** logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratios(OR)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals for developing functional limitation during follow-up based on participation in general and specific categories of flexibility(‘Stretching’,‘Calisthenics’,or‘Exercise Class’)and musclestrengthening activities(‘Calisthenics’,‘Free Weights’,‘Weight Training machines’,or‘Other’).Overall,42.6%of the sample reported incident functional *** adjusting for potential confounders(e.g.,age,sex,cardiometabolic risk factors),those who reported performing muscle-strengthening activities in general(n=685)were at lower risk of developing functional limitation[OR=0.79(0.63–1.00)].In addition,the specific flexibility activities of stretching(n=491)and calisthenics(n=122)were associated with 24%and 38%decreased odds of incident functional limitation,*** muscle-strengthening,stretching,and calisthenics activities are prospectively associated with decreased risk of incident functional limitation in generally healthy,middleaged and older ***,both public health and rehabilitation programs should highlight the importance of flexibility and muscle-strengthening activities during adulthood to help preserve functional capacity.

关键词： Functional capacity Quality of life Aging Exercise Independence Health