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A new inclination-based method to evaluate the global geomagnetic configuration and axial dipole moment

Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第4期6卷 359-365页

作者： KaiHua Xu Fei He Yong Wei ross N.Mitchell Si Chen YuQi Wang ZhaoJin Rong Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

The strength and configuration of the geomagnetic field control the average shape of the *** pure dipole assumption and the virtual dipole moment(VDM),determined by individual records,have been widely adopted to evaluate the strength of the geomagnetic field in geological ***,such an assumption might not be valid during geomagnetic transitions,such as reversals and *** traditional spherical harmonic modeling of the geomagnetic field could be difficult to implement because accurate global records are ***,we report that an empirical relationship exists between the ratio of the VDM to the true axial dipole moment(VDM/ADM)and the ratio of the power of the axial dipole to that of the non-axial dipole(AD/NAD)based on a new method utilizing globally distributed inclination *** root mean square global deviation of inclination(RMSΔI)to the standard inclination distribution of the AD was fitted to the AD/NAD with a cubic polynomial by utilizing a large number of geodynamo *** with geomagnetic field models showed that the AD/NAD derived from the RMSΔI agreed well with that calculated by using the Gauss coefficients,and the estimated ADM was consistent with the true ***,the application of volcanic records during the Laschamp excursion showed the VDM might overestimate the ADM by a factor of *** new method will be useful in future studies that characterize the configuration of the geomagnetic field and the strength of the axial dipole.

关键词： axial dipole magnetic inclination virtual dipole moment

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c-MET immunohistochemical expression in sporadic and inflammatory bowel disease associated lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第13期28卷 1338-1346页

作者： Grant Halliday ross J Porter Catherine J Black Mark J Arends Shahida Din Department of Pathology Western General HospitalNHS LothianScotland EH42XUUnited Kingdom Centre for Inflammation Research Queen’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit Western General HospitalNHS LothianEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre Institute of Cancer&GeneticsWestern General HospitalUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer(CRC)rates for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are unacceptably *** colonoscopy,an intravenous fluorescent anti-c-MET probe may improve endoscopic detection of ***,c-MET expression in IBD lesions is poorly defined,limiting translational *** To comprehensively define c-MET expression in sporadic and IBD-associated colorectal *** c-MET expression was immunohistochemically assessed in 319 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens,colonoscopically or surgically retrieved between *** included:30 normal colorectal biopsies,30 hyperplastic polyps(HP),31 sessile serrated lesions(SSL),55 tubular/tubulovillous adenomas with low(TA-LGD,n=32)or high grade dysplasia(TA-HGD,n=23),26 sporadic(s)-CRCs,16 quiescent IBD biopsies,11 active/inflamed IBD biopsies,18 IBDassociated dysplastic lesions(IBD-dys),and 102 *** was scored by two independent observers as:0=absent,1=weak,2=moderate or 3=***-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess *** Positive epithelial cytoplasmic and membranous c-MET expression was observed in all tissues,indicating there is ubiquitous expression in the colorectum.c-MET expression was weak in normal colonic epithelium compared with each of the sporadic colonic lesions,including TA-LGD(P<0.001),TA-HGD(P=0.004),HP(P<0.001),SSL(P<0.001),and s-CRC(P<0.001).Specifically,in sporadic(non-IBD)lesions,expression was stronger in TA-LGD compared with normal mucosa(P<0.001),and stronger in s-CRC compared with TA-HGD(P=0.004).However,there was no significant difference between TA-LGD and TA-HGD(P=0.852).Further,there was no difference in c-MET expression between HP and SSL(P=0.065).In IBD,expression was weaker in quiescent colonic mucosa compared with inflamed colonic mucosa(P<0.001).There was no difference between inflamed colonic mucosa and IBD-dys(P=0.512)or IBD-CRC(P=0.296).However,expression

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Colorectal cancer Surveillance Detection c-MET Immunohistochemistry

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P. fluorescens and B. megaterium Effect on the Lifespan of Mutant-Type dpy-11 and Wild-Type of C. elegans

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CellBio 2022年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： Rachel ross Biotechnoloy High School Freehold NJ USA

The research question being studied in this paper is how do different types of bacteria as food (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium) affect the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans in dpy-11 mutant-type and wild-type? P. fluorescens and B. megaterium will be the two pathogens that will be tested on two different types of C. elegans: mutant-type dpy-11 and wild-type. From the analysis of primary articles studying these pathogens, it can be concluded that P. fluorescens and B. megaterium are decent contenders for allowing C. elegans to grow and possibly extend the lifespan of it. P. fluorescens will allow the lifespan of the two types of nematodes to be longer. Additionally, the mu-tant-type dpy-11 of C. elegans will have a much longer lifespan, even double, compared to that of the wild-type. The results showed P. fluorescens had a longer lifespan than B. megaterium but not as long as C. elegans’ main food source, E. coli. C. elegans mutant dpy-11 had a longer lifespan than the wild-type. Furthermore, there were no C. elegans present in the B. megaterium wild-type plates.

关键词： C. elegans P. fluorescens B. megaterium E. coli

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The Moon

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第1期35卷 1-13页

作者： ross taylor australian national university CanberraAustralia

Recent geochemical and geophysical data from the Moon enable a revision of earlier interpretations regarding lunar origin, structure and bulk composition. Earth and Moon show many similarities among their isotopic compositions, but they have evolved in totally dissimilar ways, probably related to the deficiency of water and volatile elements in the Moon as well as the vast differences in size and internal pressure. Some global geochemical differences from the Earth such as volatile depletion based on K/U ratios have been established. However, all current lunar samples come from differentiated regions, making the establishment of a bulk composition more reliant on bulk geophysical properties or isotopic similarities; it remains unclear how the latter arose or relate to whole Moon composition. The lack of fractionation effects among the refractory and super-refractory elements indicates that the proto-lunar material seems unlikely to have been vaporized while the presence of volatile elements may place lower limits on proto-lunar temperatures. The apparent lack of geochemical evidence of an impacting body enables other possible impactors, such as comets, to be considered. Although the origin of the Moon remains currently unknown, it is generally believed that the Moon originated as the result of a giant impact on the Earth.

关键词：地球物理数据地球化学证据同位素组成挥发性元素月球起源月亮耐火材料内部压力

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A Great late Ediacaran ice age

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 105-118页

作者： Ruimin Wang Bing Shen Xianguo Lang Bin Wen ross N. Mitchell Haoran Ma Zongjun Yin Yongbo Peng Yonggang Liu Chuanming Zhou Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education and School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University 2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation and Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of Technology 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics Peking University

The emergence of the Ediacara biota soon after the Gaskiers glaciation ca. 580 million years ago(Ma)implies a possible glacial fuse for the evolution of animals. However, the timing of Ediacaran glaciation remains controversial because of poor age constraints on the ～30 Ediacaran glacial deposits known worldwide. In addition, paleomagnetic constraints and a lack of convincing Snowball-like cap carbonates indicate that Ediacaran glaciations likely did not occur at low latitudes. Thus, reconciling the global occurrences without global glaciation remains a paradox. Here, we report that the large amplitude, globally synchronous ca. 571–562 Ma Shuram carbon isotope excursion occurs below the Ediacaran Hankalchough glacial deposit in Tarim, confirming a post-Shuram glaciation. Leveraging paleomagnetic evidence for a～90° reorientation of all continents due to true polar wander, and a non-Snowball condition that rules out low-latitude glaciations, we use paleogeographic reconstructions to further constrain glacial ages. Our results depict a ‘Great Ediacaran Glaciation’ occurring diachronously but continuously from ca.580–560 Ma as different continents migrated through polar–temperate latitudes. The succession of radiation, turnover and extinction of the Ediacara biota strongly reflects glacial–deglacial dynamics.

关键词： carbonate carbon isotopes Shuram excursion inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW) hankalchough glaciation Tarim Block

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Damage Curves Derived from Hurricane Ike in the West of Galveston Bay Based on Insurance Claims and Hydrodynamic Simulations

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 932-946页

作者： Chaoran Xu Benjamin T.Nelson-Mercer Jeremy D.Bricker Meri Davlasheridze Ashley D.ross Jianjun Jia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Marine SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77553USA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CN DelftThe Netherlands

Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of *** caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,*** used the Delft3dFM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane *** curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage *** NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike *** found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of *** also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.

关键词： Delft3d-FM Flood risk Hurricane Ike Residential damage ratio SWAN Weibull function

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The future of retinal gene therapy: evolving from subretinal to intravitreal vector delivery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1751-1759页

作者： Maya ross Ron Ofri Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael

Inherited retinal degenerations are a leading and untreatbale cause of blindness, and as such they are targets for gene therapy. Numerous gene therapy treatments have progressed from laboratory research to clinical trails, and a pioneering gene therapy received the first ever FDA approval for treating patients. However, currently retinal gene therapy mostly involves subretinal injection of the therapeutic agent, which treats a limited area, entails retinal detachment and other potential complications, and requires general anesthesia with consequent risks, costs and prolonged recovery. Therefore there is great impetus to develop safer, less invasive and cheapter methods of gene delivery. A promising method is intravitreal injection, that does not cause retinal detachment, can lead to pan-retinal transduction and can be performed under local anesthesia in outpatient clinics. Intravitreally-injected vectors face several obstacles. First, the vector is diluted by the vitreous and has to overcome a long diffusion distance to the target cells. Second, the vector is exposed to the host's immune response, risking neutralization by pre-existing antibodies and triggering a stronger immune response to the injection. Third, the vector has to cross the inner limiting membrane which is both a physical and a biological barrier as it contains binding sites that could cause the vector's sequestration. Finally, in the target cell the vector is prone to proteasome degradation before delivering the transgene to the nucleus. Strategies to overcome these obstacles include modifications of the viral capsid, through rational design or directed evolution, which allow resistance to the immune system, enhancement of penetration through the inner limiting membrane or reduced degradation by intracellular proteasomes. Furthermore, physical and chemical manipulations of the inner limiting membrane and vitreous aim to improve vector penetration. Finally, compact non-viral vectors that can overcome

关键词： adeno-associated virus animal model blindness gene therapy inner limiting membrane photoreceptors retina retinitis pigmentosa vitreous

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The future of training in intensive care medicine: A European perspective

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 52-61页

作者： Demosthenes Makris Vasiliki Tsolaki ross Robertson George Dimopoulos Jordi Rello Medical School University of ThessalyLarisa 41110Greece Third Department of Critical Care Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 12462Greece CRIPS Department Vall d'Hebron Institut of ResearchBarcelona 08035Spain Clinical Research CHU NîmesNîmes 30029France Medical School Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaCampus Sant CugatSant Cugat del VallesBarcelona 08195Spain

Introduction Intensive care medicine(ICM)is the science and art of preventing,caring for,and curing acutely ill *** specialty originated from the need to provide technology-centered organ support to the most fragile patients presenting with sequential and progressive organ failure.[1]Despite its genesis in Europe and extensive clinical and research achievements in the field,ICM has not been recognized as a distinct discipline in the European Union(EU).This has a negative impact on the free movement of intensivists across *** fact,it has been a major obstacle for knowledge and competence sharing,communication,and professional interweaving across borders—all of which are crucial requirements,especially when contending with pandemics and disasters.

关键词： acute originated spite

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Endarterectomy versus stenting for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 101-106页

作者： A ross Naylor The Leicester Vascular Institute Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK

The European Society for Vascular Surgery(ESVS)has recently prepared updated guidelines for the management of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery disease,with specific reference to the roles of best medical therapy,carotid endarterectomy(CEA)and carotid artery stenting(CAS).In symptomatic patients,there is a drive towards performing carotid interventions as soon as possible after onset of *** is because it is now recognised that the highest risk period for recurrent stroke is the first 7-14 days after onset of *** guidelines advise that there is a role for both CEA and CAS,but the levels of evidence are slightly lower for CAS than for *** is because 30-day risks of death/stroke in the randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were significantly higher than after CEA(especially in the first 7-14 days after onset of symptoms)and there are concerns that the results obtained in the RCTs may not be generalisable into routine clinical *** asymptomatic patients,the 2018 ESVS guidelines were the first to recommend that CEA/CAS should be targeted into a smaller cohort of patients who may be‘higher risk for stroke’on medical *** with symptomatic patients,the ESVS guidelines advise that there is a potential role for both CEA and CAS,but the levels of evidence are again slightly lower for CAS than for *** is because 30-day risks of death/stroke in the two largest RCTs,which used credentialed(experienced CAS practitioners),were only just within the accepted 3%risk threshold and there remain concerns that the results obtained in RCTs may not be generalisable into routine clinical practice.

关键词： routine prevention Surgery

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Testing decreasing variabililty of cockroach forewings through time using four Recent species： Blattella germanica, Polyphaga aegyptiaca, Shelfordella lateralis and Blaberus craniifer, with implications for the study of fossil cockroach forewings

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Insect Science 2012年第2期19卷 129-142页

作者： Andrew J. ross Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland Edinburgh UK

Vrsansky, （2000） considered there is decreasing variability in the forewings of cockroaches through time, based on a study of fossil and Recent species. This study tests his theory, based on a study of four Recent species of cockroaches： Blattella germanica （Blattellidae）, Polyphaga aegyptiaca （Polyphagidae）, Shelfordella lateralis （Blattidae） and Blaberus craniifer （Blaberidae）. The new results, based on the coefficient of variation （CV） of the number of veins, indicate that Recent species can be more variable than fossil species and therefore do not support the theory. The results also show that at least 30 complete wings of the same species are required for a reliable CV value that is compa- rable between species.

关键词： Blaberidae Blattellidae Blattidae cockroach Polyphagidae variation

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