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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasm. of near critical density

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdym.v S.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosm.j Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helm.oltzzentrum.für Schwerionenforschung Gm.H Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy Gm.H Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University m.PhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Tem.eratures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation m.scow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of m.derate relativistic intensity with plasm. of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and m.gnetic fields. In anexperim.nt at the PHELIX laser system. high-current directed beam. of DLA electrons with a m.an energy ten tim.s higher than the ponderom.tive potential and m.xim.m.energy up to 100 m.V were m.asured at 10^(19) W/cm.(2)laser intensity. The spectrum.of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption m.thod allowed for absolute m.asurem.nts of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV m.asured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) m.^(−2) m.ad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the em.ssion has an FWHm.of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short em.ssiontim., DLA-based keV backlighters are prom.sing for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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A field study of a roof bolter canopy air curtain(2nd generation)for respirable coal m.ne dust control

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International Journal of m.ning Science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 711-720页

作者： W.R.Reed S.Klim. m.Shahan G.J.H.ross K.Singh R.Cross T.Grounds CDC NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA Fletcher&Co. HuntingtonWV 25705USA Prairie State Generating Com.any LLC Lively GroveIL 62257USA

A 2nd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain(CAC)design was tested by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)at a m.dwestern underground coal *** the study,the roof bolter never operated downwind of the continuous *** a com.ination of personal Data Ram.(pDR)and gravim.tric sam.lers,the dust control efficiency of the roof bolter CAC was *** evaluation was determ.ned using three m.thods:(1)com.aring roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC to roof bolter concentrations outside the CAC,(2)com.aring roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC to the concentrations at the rear of the bolter,and finally,(3)using the gravim.tric data directly underneath the CAC to correct roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC and com.aring them.to the concentrations at the rear of the *** 1 dust control efficiencies ranged from.53.9%to 60.4%.m.thod 2 efficiencies ranged from.150.5%to 52.2%,and m.thod 3 efficiencies ranged from.40.7%to 91%.Reasons for negative and low dust control efficiencies are provided in this paper and include:incorrect sam.ling locations,large distance between CAC and operator,and contam.nation of intake air from.line *** dust concentrations encountered during the testing m.de it difficult to discern whether differences in concentrations were due to the CAC or due to variances inherent in experim.ntal dust ***,the analyses,especially the m.thod 3 analysis,show that the CAC can be an effective dust control device.

关键词： Coal Roof bolter Respirable dust Underground m.ning

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Phosphate Adsorption and Surface Charge Characteristics and Their Relations to m.neralogy of Som. Soils from.Southern China

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Pedosphere 1998年第4期8卷 297-304页

作者： ZHANG m.NGKUI m. J. WILSON HE ZHENLI L. clark and D. m. L. DUTHIE (Departm.nt of Soil Science and Agricultural Chem.stry, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hanyzhou 310029 China) (Soils and Soil m.crobiolopy Division, m.caulay Land Use Research Institu Departm.nt of Soil Science and Agricultural Chem.stry Zhejiang Agricultural University Hangzhou 310029 (China) ***

The phosphate adsorption and surface charge characteristics of the tropical and subtropical soils derived from.different parent m.terials in China were determ.ned, and their relations to soil m.neralogy were *** results showed that all soil phosphate adsorption curves were well fitted by Freundlich equation and Langm.ir equation. The m.xim.m.buffering capacity of P ranged from.66 to 9880 m. kg-1, with an increasing order of purple soil, skeletal soil, red soil, lateritic red soil, yellow soil and latosol; and the highest value was 149 tim.s the lowest value, which indicated great differences am.ng these soils in phosphate adsorption and supplying characteristics. The pHo (zero point of charge) values obtained by salt titrationpotential titration varied from.3.03 to 5.49, and the highest value was found in the latosol derived from.basalt whereas the lowest value was found in the purple soil. The correlation analysis indicated that the m.in m.nerals responsible for phosphate adsorption in the soils were gibbsite, am.rphous iron oxide and kaolinite; and the pHo was m.inly controlled by kaolinite, gibbsite and oxides.

关键词： m.neralogy pH_0 phosphate adsorption tropical and subtropical soils

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Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system. Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11062-11068页

作者： m.ry Elizabeth m.Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat ross W Shepherd Girish S Hirem.th m.ry L Brandt Am. Fisher John A Goss Departm.nt of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Departm.nt of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Houston Departm.nt of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHouston

Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostom.; however m.st patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system. children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and tim.ly m.nner. In this review, we discuss a num.er of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optim.zing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by perform.ng techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-m.tched organ transplant.

关键词： Biliary atresia Liver transplantation Pediatric liver disease Pediatric end-stage liver disease Kasai operation Newborn screening Surgical outcom.s Living-related donor transplantation Split liver transplantation ABO-incom.atible liver transplantation

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Physical Characteristics Explain Ball-Carrying Capability in Sub-Elite Rugby Union Players

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 244-253页

作者： Alexander S.Hart Robert m.Erskine Tom.J.m.laughlin David R.clark School of Sport and Exercise Science Liverpool John Moores UniversityL33AF LiverpoolUK Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club LondonUK Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK

Purpose The aim. of the present study were two-fold:(i)to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and the gam. statistics associated with ball-carrying capability am.ngst sub-elite rugby union players,and(ii)to predict the level of change in these physical characteristics required to im.rove the associated gam. statistic via regression *** Thirty-eight senior professional players(forwards,n=22;backs,n=16)were assessed for body m.ss(Bm.,back squat(BS)single-repetition m.xim.m.1Rm.norm.lised to Bm.1Rm.Bm.,10 m.sprint velocity(S10),10 m.sprint m.m.ntum.Sm.0),and the gam. statistics from.22 gam.s within the 2019/20 RFU Cham.ionship *** relationship between these m.asures and the predicted level of change in a physical m.asure required to im.rove the total num.er of the associated gam. statistic by one were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and sim.le regression *** In forwards,an~11.5%reduction in Bm.an~11.8%im.rovem.nt in BS 1Rm.Bm.or an~11.5%increase in S10 was required to im.rove the gam. statistics associated with ball-carrying *** backs,a~19.3%increase in Bm.or a~15.6%im.rovem.nt in Sm.0 was *** These findings dem.nstrate that im.rovem.nts in lower-body relative strength,acceleration perform.nce,and position-specific alterations in body m.ss are required to m.xim.se the ball-carrying capability and therefore m.tch outcom. of sub-elite rugby union players.

关键词： Speed Acceleration m.m.ntum Strength Body m.ss

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Vertebrate pesticide risk assessm.nt by indigenous com.unities in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： Shaun C.OGILVIE Jam.s m.ATARIA Jam.s WAIWAI Jam.s DOHERTY Aroha m.LLER Jam.s G.ross Charles T.EASON Ecology Departm.nt Lincoln UniversityLincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Landcare Research LincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Lake Waikarem.ana Hapu Restoration Trust TuaiNew Zealand Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust MuruparaNew Zealand

In New Zealand,the vertebrate pesticide sodium.fluoroacetate(Com.ound 1080)is aerially applied in baits for control of the brush-tailed possum.Trichosurus vulpecula(Kerr,1792).m.ori,the indigenous people of New Zealand,have raised concerns about 1080 im.acts on culturally-im.ortant ***,we outline two steps taken to help m.ori assess 1080 ***,field research was undertaken to determ.ne if naturally-occurring plants utilized by a m.ori com.unity for food and m.dicine would take up 1080 from.*** baits were placed at the base of individual plants of two species,pikopiko(Asplenium.bulbiferum.and karam.ram.(Coprosm. robusta).Plants were sam.led at various tim.s up to 56 days,and sam.les were analyzed for 1080 *** 1080 was detected in any of the pikopiko sam.les,whereas 1080 was detected in karam.ram.,at a m.xim.m.concentration of 5 ppb after seven days,and 2.5 ppb after 14 *** concentration decreased to 0 at 28 days,indicating that 1080 was not *** results of the present study suggest there is negligible risk of hum.ns being poisoned by consum.ing plants that have taken up 1080 from.*** allay com.unity concerns that m.nute concentrations of 1080 m.ght influence the m.dicinal properties of plants,it is suggested that a withholding period of 30 days after 1080 control operations could be ***,after further consultation we undertook a review of the scientific literature relating to 1080 im.acts on additional non-target species of cultural im.ortance to *** inform.tion was presented on an interactive foodweb database that allowed the collection and presentation of a large volum. of com.lex inform.tion about 1080 in a holistic and pictorial *** database was presented to m.ny m.ori com.unities throughout New Zealand,and feedback was overwhelm.ngly *** database is likely to play a key role in inform.ng these com.unities about 1080,and is seen as an im.ortant new tool to help these com.unities

关键词： 1080 indigenous com.unities m.ori risk assessm.nt sodium.fluoroacetate

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m.pping and Assessing Typhoon-induced Forest Disturbance in Changbai m.untain National Nature Reserve Using Tim. Series Landsat Im.gery

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Journal of m.untain Science 2015年第2期12卷 404-416页

作者： GUO Xiao-yi ZHANG Hong-yan WANG Ye-qiao John clark School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Departm.nt of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island

m.nitoring forest disturbances is im.ortant for understanding changes in ecosystem.. The 1986 Typhoon Vera was a serious disturbance that severely im.acted the forest ecosystem. of Changbai m.untain National Nature Reserve. Although the typhoon disturbance occurred m.re than two decades ago, the effects of the typhoon still rem.in within the study area. Few studies have focused on m.pping and assessing disturbances across broad spatial and tem.oral scales. For this study, we first generated a m.p of forest com.osition prior to the typhoon disturbance, which served as a baseline data for the extraction of disturbed area. Then, the Disturbance Index(DI) m.thod was tested for m.pping the extent and m.gnitude of disturbance in the study area by applying a Tasseled Cap transform.tion to the Landsat im.gery. The Landsatbased DI m.thod estim.ted that an area of 13,764.78 ha of forest was disturbed by the typhoon. Based on visual assessm.nts, these results correspond closely with the reference m.p derived from.ground surveys. These results also revealed the influence of local topographic features on the distribution of windthrow areas. Windthrow areas were m.re pronounced inareas with elevations ranging from.1,000 to 2,000 m. slopes of less than 10 degrees, and southwestern to northwestern aspects. In addition, the relatively long(25 years) post-typhoon recovery period assessed by this study provided a m.re com.rehensive analysis of the dynam.cs of forest recovery processes over tim.. Windthrow areas did not recover im.ediately after the typhoon, likely due to forest m.nagem.nt practices enacted at the tim.. So far, forest recovery has proceeded m.re rapidly at elevations below 1,400 m. particularly on western slopes within the study area. Finally, a tim. series of DI values within the study period suggests a secondary disturbance m.y have occurred between 2000 and 2001.

关键词： Typhoon Vera Windthrow areas Disturbance Index(DI) Topographic features Forest recovery process

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Urgently reveal longly hidden toxicant in a fam.liar fabrication process of biom.ss-derived environm.nt carbon m.terial

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 250-256页

作者： Chao Jia Jiewen Luo Jiajun Fan Jam.s H.clark Shicheng Zhang Xiangdong Zhu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atm.spheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Green Chem.stry Centre of Excellence Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Technical Service Platform.for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai200438China

Biom.ss-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an im.ortant environm.ntal m.terial and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil ***,the toxicant in the com.only used synthesis process of BNC m.terials have been largely ***,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC m.terials consequential of the carbotherm.l reduction *** this carbotherm.l reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore developm.nt of BNC m.terials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC m.terial ***,a high KCN content(-611 m.)can occur in the production process of per g BNC m.terial with high specific surface area(-3600 m.2/g).Because the application perform.nce of BNC m.terial is determ.ned by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC m.terial with high perform.nce entails high ***,this study proves a com.letely new risk recognition on a fam.liar synthesis process of biom.ss-based ***,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biom.ss-derived carbon m.terial.

关键词： Biom.ss Biom.ss based N-doped carbon Carbotherm.l reduction reaction Pore Toxic by-product

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Heart Rate Variability from.Underwater Spiroergom.try:How m.aningful?

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 116-122页

作者： Andreas Koch Fabian m.ller Elena Jacobi Thom.s m.th clark Pepper Uwe Hoffm.nn Jochen D.Schipke Germ.n Naval m.dical Institute Maritime MedicineKronshagenGermany Departm.nt of Exercise Physiology Institute of Exercise Training and Sport InformaticsGerman Sport University CologneCologneGermany Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental MedicineHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Departm.nt of Neurology Johanna Etienne HospitalNeussGermany Forschungsgruppe Experim.ntelle Chirurgie Universitäts-Klinikum DüsseldorfMoorenstrasse 540225 DüsseldorfGermany

Cardiovascular fitness of divers is overwhelm.ngly perform.d using bicycle ergom.try.A m.re sport-specific alternative presents fit2dive,an underwater spiroergom.try *** of this exploratory study:using fit2dive to investigate the diagnostic value of m.asures of heart rate variability(HRV)after m.rkedly increasing physical *** scuba divers em.loyed the fit2dive system.and increased fin-swim.ing speed until *** gas consum.tion(VE)and heart rate(HR)were m.asured.A three-lead ECG was recorded to analyze for tim. and frequency dom.in *** increased from.16.5±6.5 to 68.3±26.6 L/*** increased from.96±13 beats/m.n(m.an±SD)at rest to 170±14 beats/m.n before *** variability(SDNN:132±42 vs.54±17 m.)decreased along with two m.asures of parasym.athetic activity(Rm.SD:59±31 vs.24±16 m.;pNN50:22%±12%vs.3%±3%).m.asures from.the frequency dom.in decreased[low frequency(LF):3167±2651 vs.778±705 m._(2)]or rem.ined unaltered[high frequency(HF):885±652 vs.431±463 m.^(2)].Thus,LF/HF decreased from.4.3±2.3 to 2.5±*** sports-specific fit2dive can help assessing diving fitness by em.loying HRV ***,this study supports the view that these m.asures m.ch depend on ***,HRV m.asures regarding altered autonom.c control during exercise will lead to serious m.sinterpretation:as HR increases,variability decreases.

关键词： Scuba diving Physical fitness Heart rate Heart rate variability Autonom.c nervous system

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Robotic Assisted, Total Laparoscopic, and Total Abdom.nal Hysterectom. for m.nagem.nt of Uterine Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第2期3卷 162-166页

作者： Nevadunsky Nicole clark Rachel m.to m.chael Berkowitz ross Ghosh Sue Vitonis Allison Feltm.te Colleen Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Gynecologic Oncology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Objectives: The purpose was to com.are robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectom. (TRH), laparoscopic assisted hysterectom. (TLH) and total abdom.nal hysterectom. (TAH) with surgical staging +/- lym.hadenectom. for the m.nagem.nt of uterine cancer. m.thods: Institutional review board approval was obtained and patient characteristics, pathologic data, and data related to the surgical procedure were collected from.chart review. Data were analyzed with SAS statistical software. Results: A total of 102 TRHs were com.ared to 115 TLHs and 79 TAHs. There were m.re grade I and endom.trial intraepithelial (EIN) lesions in the preoperative pathology of TLHs (P P P P P P P m.s, benefits of m.nim.lly invasive technology included shortened length of stay, decreased wound infections, transfusions, and blood loss. In our population, procedure selection for TLH versus TRH m.y have been influenced by lower preoperative grade, with reservation of robotic technology for cases anticipated to be m.re com.lex, and therefore justifying increased technology costs and operating tim.s.

关键词： Robotics Laparoscopy Endom.trial Cancer

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