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On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous,and sedimentary rocks

Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1777-1794页

作者： D.Hasterok m.gard J.Webb Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Centre for Tectonics Research and Exploration(TRaX) University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Ramelius Resources Ltd. East PerthWA 6005Australia

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, mgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW^(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m^(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.

关键词： Heat generation Density metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks Continental lithosphere

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Changes in oral trace gas concentrations following orthognathic surgery and intermaxillary fixation: a case study using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第3期3卷 160-164页

作者： Brian m. ross Division of medical Sciences at the Northern Ontario School of medicine in Thunder Bay Ontario MS 3002 Canada

Orthognathic surgery is frequently accompanied by intermaxillary fixation. Intermaxillary fixation impedes the maintenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potential shorter term effect is the generation of oral malodour. It is unclear, however, as to how the production of malodorous compounds in the oral cavity is altered post-surgery. Oral air concentration of sulphur containing compounds, short chain organic acids, ammonia, isoprene and acetone were measured using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry in a patient who had undergone orthognathic surgery with subsequent intermaxillary fixation. Total sulphide levels rose approximately 5-fold during fixation with metal ties, with smaller increases recorded for the other compounds measured with the exception of isoprene which remained close to baseline levels. Organic acid levels declined markedly once elastic ties had replaced metal ties, with a lesser reduction being observed in sulphide levels, with both declining further after the commencement of a chlorhexidinecontaining mouthwash. These data suggest that bacterial generation of a variety of malodorous compounds increases markedly following intermaxillary fixation. This single case also suggests that the use of elastic ties and effective oral hygiene techniques, including the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, may help ameliorate such post-surgical effects.

关键词： oral malodour halitosis oral hygiene breath analysis organic acids sulphides mass spectrometry

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Exotic parrots breeding in urban tree cavities: nesting requirements, geographic distribution, and potential impacts on cavity nesting birds in southeast Florida

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 459-468页

作者： Joshua m.Diamond michael S.ross Florida International University Earth & Environment

Background:Exotic parrots have established breeding populations in southeast Florida,including several species that nest in tree *** aimed to determine the species identity,nest site requirements,relative nest abundance,geographic distribution,and interactions of parrots with native cavity-nesting bird ***:We searched miami-Dade County,Florida,and nearby areas for natural cavities and holes excavated by woodpeckers,recording attributes of potential nest *** inspected all cavities with an elevated video inspection system to determine occupancy by parrots or other *** mapped nearly 4000 citizen science observations of parrots in our study area corresponding to our study period,and used these to construct range maps,comparing them to our nesting ***:Not all parrots reported or observed in our study area were actively *** parrots were observed at tree cavities,which previous studies have suggested is evidence of reproduction,but our inspections with an elevated video inspection system suggest they never initiated nesting *** parrot species did successfully nest in tree cavities,Red-masked Parakeets(Psittacara erythrogenys)and Orange-winged Parrots(Amazona amazonica)being the most common(n=7 and 6 nests,respectively).These two parrots had similar nesting requirements,but Orange-winged Parrots use nests with larger entrance holes,which they often *** analysis of nests combined with citizen science data indicate that parrots are limited to developed *** most common parrots were less abundant cavity nesters than the native birds which persist in miami’s urban areas,and far less abundant than the invasive European Starling(Sturnus vulgaris).Conclusions:Exotic parrots breeding elsewhere in the world have harmed native cavity-nesting birds through interference competition,but competitive interference in southeast Florida is minimized by the urban affinities of parrots in this ***

关键词： Amazona Cavity nest webs Invasive species Parakeets Psittacara Urban ecology

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Fit to fight——from military hygiene to wellbeing in the British Army

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military medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 482-488页

作者： martin C.m.Bricknell Colonel David A.ross Health and military medicine Conflict and Health Research GroupSchool of Security StudiesKing’s College LondonStrand CampusLondon WC2R 2LSUK Parkes Professor of Preventive medicine Robertson HouseCamberley GU154NAUK

This paper reviews the historical evolution of the language and organization surrounding the health of personnel in the British Army from‘hygiene’through to‘wellbeing’.It starts by considering the health of the army in the midnineteenth century and the emergence of military hygiene as a professional *** continues by looking at advances in military hygiene in the two world *** was replaced by the term‘health’in the 1950 s as the collective noun used by professionals working in this *** unity split when the professions of occupational medicine and public health established separate faculties and training ***,the health issues for the armed forces remain fundamentally *** forward,the term‘wellbeing’is helping to refresh the close relationships between executives,their medical advisers and those within the population of health professions charged with keeping the British Army *** core theme is the collaborations between civil society,executive leadership and medical services in maximizing the health of the military population from recruitment through to life as a veteran.

关键词： Public health Hygiene Occupational medicine

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Nanoscale resetting of the Th/Pb system in an isotopically-closed monazite grain: A combined atom probe and transmission electron microscopy study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 65-76页

作者： A.-m.Seydoux-Guillaume D.Fougerouse A.T.Laurent E.gardés S.m.Reddy D.W.Saxey Univ Lyon UJM-Saint-Etienne CNRS IRD CNRS Université Clermont Auvergne School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Geoscience Atom Probe Advanced Resource Characterisation Facility John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Centre de recherche sur les Ions les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP) Department of Physics and Astronomy Curtin University

Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron microscope(TEm) or Atom Probe microscopy(APm) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-mS) that range over 100 my, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 ma(D3), respectively. Combined APm and TEm characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APm-TEm nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.

关键词： monazite Nanoscale resetting Nano-clusters APm TEm UHT metamorphism

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Sex differences in cognition and their relationship to male mate choice

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 285-293页

作者： Jason KEAGY ross mINTER Robin m.TINGHITEELLA Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA

male cognition has gained recognition as an important potential player in sexual selection. A number of studies have found positive correlations between male sexual signals and cognitive performance an d/or female pref ere nces for males with better cog nitive performance, although other studies have not fou nd these relati on ships. Sex roles can differ dramatically, and sex differen ces in selection on cog nition likely follow from the different tasks associated with these sex roles. Here, using threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a species with clearly diverge nt sex roles and mutual mate choice, we focus on the cognitive trait inhibitory control because males must differentially respond to reproductive females versus other sticklebacks while defending territories and refrain from eating eggs and fry while performing paternal care. We presented fish with a detour task four times over a period of 7 days, allowing us to assess initial inhibitory control and improvement over time. We ask 1) whether there are sex differences in inhibitory control and 2) whether male mate choice is associated with female inhibitory control. Although males outperformed females on three different measures of detour task performance across four trials, these differences were largely explained by males being less neophobic than females. Females took more trials to successfully solve the detour task, even after accounting for sex differences in neophobia. Female cognitive abilities, however, were unrelated to the vigor with which males courted them. The equivocal results regarding sex differences in cognitive ability suggest further study given the very different selection pressures each sex experiences.

关键词： cognition detour task mutual mate choice sexual selection threespine stickleback

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Anthropogenic Sulfate and Nitrate Signals in Snow from Bogda Glacier, Eastern Tianshan

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第4期22卷 490-502页

作者：张晓宇 ross Edwards State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Desert Research Institute Reno NV 89512-1095 USA Curtin University of Technology Bentley WA6102 Australia

A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan （天山）. The sample site temperature of -9.6 12 indicates that the unique glaciochemical re- cord was well preserved and suitable for the reconstruction of air pollution levels in this previously un- explored region. Samples were analyzed for major ions （Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, mg2＋, NH4＋, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCOO＇, and CHaCOO）. NO3 and SO42were characterized by significant high levels of pollution con- centration. most air masses backward trajectories ending in December 2008 have passed the Urumqi City center, while some even traveled across the primary nuclear weapons testing venue of the former Soviet Union （STS）. The mean pH value of snow samples is coincident with the average value of Urumqi＇s aerosol, and the ratio of [NO3-]/[SO42-] in the snow pit generally agrees with the value of the Urumqi winter aerosols. In addition, the [HCOO]/[CH3COO] ratio of snow samples is only 0.7, lower than unity. These analyses indicate that SO42 and NO3in the Bogda Glacier are the result of anthropo- genic pollutions.

关键词： anthropogenic pollutions SO42- NO3.

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Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration:The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors

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Bioactive materials 2024年第10期40卷 182-211页

作者： ross m.Quigley michaela Kearney Oran D.Kennedy Henry F.Duncan Division of Restorative Dentistry&Periodontology Dublin Dental University HospitalTrinity College Dublin(TCD)University of DublinLincoln PlaceDublinIreland Department of Anatomy and Regenerative medicine and Tissue Engineering Research GroupRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering(TCBE)and the Advanced materials and Bioengineering Research Centre(AmBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)and Trinity College Dublin(TCD)DublinIreland

The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp ***,novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative,biologicallydriven regenerative medicine *** example,cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp *** approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators(HDACis,DNmTis,and ncRNAs),which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue ***,many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies,including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal *** challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability,cost concerns,and regulatory *** review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration,explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological *** will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches,describe their current limitations,and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.

关键词： Epigenetics Regenerative medicine Regenerative endodontics Biocompatible materials Tissue engineering

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Highwall mining of thick,steeply dipping coal–A case study in geotechnical design and recovery optimization

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 777-780页

作者： Chris ross David Conover Jake Baine Agapito Associate Inc.GoldenCOUSA Westmoreland Kemmerer LLC Kemmerer MineKemmererUSA

Highwall mining of thick(up to 30.48 m)steeply dipping(20°or more)coal seams provides many chal lenges,both geotechnically and operationally,as seam dips near or in excess of highwall mining machine capabilities are *** coal recovery while maintaining highwall stability requires innovative techniques with regard to web and barrier pillar layout,depth of penetration,and choice of mining horizon within the *** of highwall mining slopes,openings,and pillarsare typically analyzed using the ARmPS-HWm program,as well as LAmODEL,UDEC and SLOPE/W *** stability can be maintained,and highwall mining production optimized by applying design cri-teria in creative ways,including alternating miner penetration depths and initiating mining of thick seams toward the bottom of the *** mining of thick,steeply dipping coal requires careful planning and execution,including close cooperation between geotechnical design engineers,the mining company,and the highwall mining *** paper describes the application of creative design techniques to a specific pit arrangement at the Westmoreland Kemmerer mine,Kemmerer,*** mining was accomplished by UGm ADDCAR Systems,LLC on a contract basis.

关键词： mining thick optimization

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Characterization of the first Wolbachia from the genus Scaptodrosophila,a male-killer from the rainforest species ***

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1401-1413页

作者： Kelly m.Richardson michele Schiffer Perran A.ross Joshua A.Thia Ary A.Hoffmann School of Biosciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Daintree Rainforest Observatory James Cook UniversityCape TribulationQueenslandAustralia

The Scaptodrosophila genus represents a large group of drosophilids with a worldwide distribution and a predominance of species in Australia,but there is little information on the presence and impacts of Wolbachia endosymbionts in this *** we describe the first Wolbachia infection from this group,wClay isolated from Scaptodrosophila claytoni(van Klinken),a species from the east coast of *** infection is polymorphic in natural populations,occurring at a frequency of around 6%–10%.wClay causes male killing,producing female-biased lines;most lines showed 100%male killing,though in 1 line it wasmaintained through the introduction of males unless the infection is removed by tetracycline *** is transmitted at a high fidelity(98.6%)through the maternal lineage and has been stable in 2 laboratory lines across 24 generations,suggesting it is likely to persist in *** infection has not been previously described but is closely related to the male-killing Wolbachia recently described from Drosophila pandora based on multilocus sequence typing and the wsp ***-killing Wolbachia are likely to be common in drosophilids but remain difficult to detect because the infections can often be at a low frequency.

关键词： male-killer multilocus sequence typing phenotypic effects Scaptodrosophila Wolbachia

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