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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh shetty Ravi Sankannavar School of Chemical and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,Mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy:Applications in Polymers

Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy:Applications in Polymers

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第十八届全国分子光谱学学术会议

作者： Hiromi Midorikawa Tadashi Awatani Michael Lo Kevin Kjoller roshan shetty Jiping Ye Nissan Analytical Research Center Ltd. Anasys Instruments CaliforniaUSA

Interfacial functional groups,compositional distribution,crystalline structures,and local molecular orientation of functional polymer materials has been directly visualized by nanoscale infrared spectroscopy(nano-IR),in which an atomic force microscope(AFM)probe as infrared absorption sensor was *** image visualized hidden binder and adhesion process of multilayer barrier films of polyethylene-terephthalate/polyethylene(PET/PE),and enabled the chemical identification of phase structure of multi-component blends of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(PC/ABS)including soft polybutadiene domains as small as 40 nm.

关键词： Nano-IR AFM Interfacial functional groups Nanoscale chemical image Local molecular orientation

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Gaining Insights into Functional Polymer Materials at 50 nm Spatial Resolution Using an AFM Probe as Infrared Absorption Sensor

Gaining Insights into Functional Polymer Materials at 50 nm ...

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2013年全国高分子学术论文报告会

作者： Hiromi Midorikawa Tadashi Awatani Michael Lo Kevin Kjoller roshan shetty Jiping Ye Nissan Analytical Research Center Ltd. Anasys Instruments

＜正＞Interfacial functional groups,compositional distribution,crystalline structures,and local molecular orientation of functional polymer materials has been directly visualized by nanoscale infrared

关键词： Nano-IR AFM Interfacial functional groups Nanoscale chemical image Local molecular orientation

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Gaining Insights into Functional Polymer Materials at 50 nm Spatial Resolution Using an AFM Probe as Infrared Absorption Sensor

Gaining Insights into Functional Polymer Materials at 50 nm ...

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第十七届全国分子光谱学术报告会

作者： Hiromi Midorikawa Tadashi Awatani Michael Lo Kevin Kjoller roshan shetty Jiping Ye Nissan Analytical Research Center Ltd.YokosukaJapan Anasys Instruments CaliforniaUSA

Interfacial functional groups,compositional distribution,crystalline structures,and local molecular orientation of functional polymer materials has been directly visualized by nanoscale infrared spectroscopy (nano-IR),in which an atomic force microscope(AFM) probe as infrared absorption sensor was ***-IR image visualized hidden binder and adhesion process of multilayer barrier films of polyethylene-terephthalate/ polyethylene(PET/PE),and enabled the chemical identification of phase structure of multi-component blends of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(PC/ABS) including soft polybutadiene domains as small as 40 nm.

关键词： Nano-IR AFM Interfacial functional groups Nanoscale chemical image Local molecular orientation

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纳米级红外光谱用于聚合物的表征

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生命科学仪器 2011年第1期9卷 11-14页

作者： Kevin KJOLLER Craig PRATER roshan shetty Vice President of Product Development

尽管红外微光谱有广阔的用途,但是由于光学规则与实际设计的局限性,其基本的空间分辨率受到了限制。傅里叶变换红外光谱的空间分辨率局限于3倍的红外辐射波长。通过使用衰减全反射(ATR)的方式,可以将其空间分辨率接近于其辐射波长。纳... 详细信息

尽管红外微光谱有广阔的用途,但是由于光学规则与实际设计的局限性,其基本的空间分辨率受到了限制。傅里叶变换红外光谱的空间分辨率局限于3倍的红外辐射波长。通过使用衰减全反射(ATR)的方式,可以将其空间分辨率接近于其辐射波长。纳米级红外光谱(Nano IR)技术可以解决分辨率的限制,提供一种在200nm及其之上可以测量样品物理和化学性质的方法。

关键词：傅里叶变换红外光谱纳米级聚合物空间分辨率表征辐射波长衰减全反射化学性质

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Using satellite-derived land surface temperatures to clarify the spatiotemporal warming trends of the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 449-469页

作者： roshan Gholamreza SARLI Reza GHANGHERMEH Abdolazim TAHERIZADEH Mehrnoosh NIKNAM Arman Department of Geography Golestan UniversityGorgan 49138-15759Iran Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAL.29 Listopada 4631-425 KrakówPoland Department of Geoinformatics Physical and Environmental GeographyUniversity of SzegedSzeged 6722Hungary

The Alborz Mountains are some of the highest in Iran,and they play an important role in controlling the climate of the country’s northern *** land surface temperature(LST)is an important variable that affects the ecosystem of this *** study investigated the spatiotemporal changes and trends of the nighttime LST in the western region of the Central Alborz Mountains at elevations of 1500-4000 m above sea *** data were extracted for the period of 2000-2021,and the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test was applied to evaluating the changes in the *** results indicated a significant increasing trend for the monthly average LST in May-August along the southern *** the northern and southern aspects showed decreasing trends for the monthly average LST in October,November,and March and an increasing trend in other *** all elevations,the average decadal change in the monthly average LST was more severe along the southern aspect(0.60°C)than along the northern aspect(0.37°C).The LST difference between the northern and southern aspects decreased in the cold months but increased in the hot *** the same elevation,the difference in the lapse rate between the northern and southern aspects was greater in the hot months than in the cold *** increasing elevation,the lapse rate between the northern and southern aspects *** change was concluded to greatly decrease the difference in LST at different elevations for April-July.

关键词： Global warming Mountainous areas Lapse rate Surface air temperatures Alborz

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Identification of earthquake induced structural damage based on synchroextracting transform

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 475-487页

作者： roshan Kumar Gaurav Kumar Wei Zhao Arvind R Yadav Gang Yu Jayendra Kumar Evans Amponsah Department of Electronic and Information Technology Miami College of Henan UniversityHenan 475004China Alliance University Alliance College of Engineering and DesignBanglore 562106India Department of Electronics and Comm Parul UniversityVadodra 391760India School of Electrical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Department of Electronics and Comm NIT JamshedpurJamshedpur 831014India Department of Civil engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 10959Ghana

Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transform,are investigated to determine how well they can identify damage to *** this work,a synchroextracting transform(SET)based on the short-time Fourier transform is proposed for estimating post-earthquake structural *** performance of SET for artificially generated signals and actual earthquake signals is examined with existing *** other tested techniques,SET improves frequency resolution to a great extent by lowering the influence of smearing along the time-frequency ***,interpretation and readability with the proposed method are improved,and small changes in the time-varying frequency characteristics of the damaged buildings are easily detected through the SET method.

关键词： cross-term damage detection earthquake signal synchroextracting transform time-frequency

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Research progress in friction stir processing of magnesium alloys and their metal matrix surface composites: Evolution in the 21^(st )century

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2091-2146页

作者： roshan Vijay Marode Tamiru Alemu Lemma Nabihah Sallih Srinivasa Rao Pedapati Mokhtar Awang Adeel Hassan Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandarSeri IskandarPerak 32610Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringThe University of Texas Permian BasinMidland-OdessaUnited States Mechanical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi BruneiBrunei

Rising concerns about climate change drive the demand for lightweight ***(Mg)alloys are highly valued for their low weight,making them increasingly important in various *** focusing on enhancing the characteristics of Mg alloys and developing their Metal Matrix Composites(MMCs)have gained significant attention worldwide over the past decade,driven by the global shift towards lightweight *** Stir Processing(FSP)has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the properties of Mg alloys and produce ***,FSP adapted to refine grain size from the micro to the nano level and accelerated the development of MMCs due to its solid-state nature and the synergistic effects of microstructure refinement and reinforcement,improving strength,hardness,ductility,wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and fatigue ***,producing defect-free and sound FSPed Mg and Mg-MMCs requires addressing several variables and their interdependencies,which opens up a broad range of practical *** existing reviews on individual FSP of Mg,its alloys,and MMCs,an attempt has been made to analyze the latest research on these three aspects collectively to enhance the understanding,application,and effectiveness of FSP for Mg and its *** review article discusses the literature,classifies the importance of Mg alloys,provides a historical background,and explores developments and potential applications of FSPed Mg *** focuses on novel fabrication methods,reinforcement strategies,machine and tool design parameters,material characterization,and integration with other methods for enhanced *** influence of process parameters and the emergence of defects are examined,along with specific applications in mono and hybrid composites and their microstructure *** study identifies promising reinforcement materials and highlights research gaps in FSP for Mg alloys and MMCs *** conclude

关键词： Magnesium alloys Friction stir processing Metal matrix composites Lightweight Surface modification

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Emerging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius James Fernandez Sahana shetty Joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCM)is a common but underrecognized complication of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Although the pathobiology of other cardiac complications of diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are mostly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the mechanisms and management options for DbCM are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCM presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from prompt control of DM with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medications,disease-modifying therapy for DbCM includes prompt control of hypertension and dyslipidemia inherent to patients with DM as in other forms of heart diseases and the use of treatments with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic mouse models with *** this preliminary basic study might help to improve our understanding of DbCM and offer a potential new management option for patients with the disease,the positive results from such animal models might not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCM in humans could be ***,such experimental studies can encourage more scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

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Diabetes and tuberculosis:An emerging dual threat to healthcare

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana shetty Joseph M Pappachan Cornelius James Fernandez Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)remains a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** mellitus(DM)is an important risk factor for the development and perpetuation of TB owing to the immune dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the same individual also aggravates disease severity,complications,and chance of treatment failure because of gross immune alterations posed by DM as well as *** complex cellular and humoral immunological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and DM,some of which remain unknown even *** is highly important to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with DM,and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and management to prevent complications from this ominous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the development of TB in a large cohort of DM patients from *** such research output from different regions of the world is expected to improve our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes mellitus Immune dysfunction Treatment failure Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

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