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comparison of stem taper models for the four tropical tree species in Mount Makiling, Philippines

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第3期13卷 536-545页

作者： roscinto ian c.lumbres Azyleah c.ABINO Nelson M.PAMPOLINA Feliciano G.cALORA Jr Young Jin LEE college of Forestry Benguet State University Resource Management and Development Department Laguna Lake Development Authority Department of Forest Biological Sciences College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of the Philippines Los Ba?os PcAARRD Department of Science and Technology Los Ba?os

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of six stem taper models on four tropical tree species, namely celtis luzonica(Magabuyo),Diplodiscus paniculatus(Balobo), Parashorea malaanonan(Bagtikan), and Swietenia macrophylla(Mahogany) in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve(MMFR), Philippines using fit statistics and lack-of-fit statistics. Four statistical criteria were used in this study, including the standard error of estimate(SEE),coefficient of determination(R^2), mean bias( E),and absolute mean difference(AMD). For the lack-offit statistics, SEE, E and AMD were determined in different relative height classes. The results indicated that the Kozak02 stem taper model offered the best fit for the four tropical species in most statistics. The Kozak02 model also consistently provided the best performance in the lack-of-fit statistics with the best SEE, E and AMD in most of the relative height classes. These stem taper equations could help forest managers and researchers better estimate the diameter of the outside bark with any given height,merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumes of standing trees belonging to the four species of thetropical forest in MMFR.

关键词： Mount Makiling Forest Reserve Stem volume estimation Diameter outside bark Kozak model Tropical tree species

Fitting and evaluation of height-diameter models for Alnus japonica in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2422-2432页

作者： Kamae P.ANAcIOcO Judy Ann L.GORIO Mary Relia S.PADSIcO roscinto ian c.lumbres Nova D.DOYOG Young Jin LEE college of Forestry Benguet State University Department of Forest Resources College of Industrial Science Kongju National University

The study was conducted to develop height-diameter at breast height(HT-DBH) models for Alnus japonica in La Trinidad, Benguet,Philippines and evaluate their predictive *** six widely used nonlinear growth models that were selected in this study were the chapmanRichards, Schnute, Modified logistic, Korf/Lundqvist,Weibull and Exponential. A total of 208 Alnus japonica trees were measured using standard diameter tape for DBH(1.3 m above the ground) and Vertex and transponder was used for the total height measurement. The performance of the developed models were evaluated using the fit statistics including coefficient of determination(R^2), root mean square error(RMSE), mean bias(ē), absolute mean difference(AMD), and Akaike Information criterion(AIc). The lack-of-fit statistics was also performed for further evaluation of the performance of the *** on the evaluation criteria, all six models were able to determine the DBH-height relationships and fitted the data well. Using the rank analysis, the Weibull HT-DBH model had the best performance among the six commonly used nonlinear growth models. The results of this study will help forest managers especially in La Trinidad, Benguet to easily predict the total height using the Weibull model for Alnus japonica utilizing the DBH as the predicting variable.

关键词： Height- DBH model Alnus japonica Rank analysis La Trinidad Benguet Philippines

Performance of Weibull function as a diameter distribution model for Pinus thunbergii stands in the eastern coast of South Korea

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第5期13卷 822-830页

作者： ABINO Azyleah canizares KIM Sung Yong lumbres roscinto ian canicosa JANG Mi Na YOUN Ho doong PARK Ki Hyung LEE Young Jin Department of Forest Resources Kongju National UniversityYesanChungnam 340-802South Korea Laguna Lake Development Authority DilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines college of Forestry Benguet State UniversityLa TrinidadBenguet2601Philippines Division of Forest Disaster Management Korea Forest Research InstituteSeou1130-712South Korea

This study was carried out to determine the performance of percentile-based Weibull diameter distribution model for Pinus thunbergii stands thriving along the eastern coast of South Korea. The parameter recovery technique was used to estimate the three parameters of the Weibull model. The analysis demonstrated satisfactory results based on the following test statistics for the principal percentile models： fit index （FI） range from 0.501（minimum diameter） to 0.932 （50th diameter percentiles） and root mean square error （RMSE） range from 0.112 （quadratic mean diameter） to 3.572 （minimum diameter）. The developed model was further evaluated by determining the mean bias （E） in trees per ha （TPH） for each diameter class, and the results showed highest over-prediction in the 20 cm, and under-prediction in the x6 cm and 24 cm diameter classes. The goodness of fit tested by Kolmogorov- Smirnov （KS） test showed no significant differences （P〉0.05） between the observed and predicted diameter distributions for almost all plots. Using site index and aboveground biomass （AGB） models developed for P. thunbergii in South Korea, a model to predict the AGB per ha for each diameter class and subsequently the total AGB of the stand was created. An application guide was also created, which will serve as a decision-support tool for forest managers in quantifying the future total AGB in P. thunbergii stands located in the eastern coast of South Korea and, subsequently, the quantification of potential carbon stocks aside from being a vital input in designing efficient management and protection strategies for these stands.

关键词： Aboveground biomass Weibull distribution Parameter recovery technique Site index Pinus thunbergii Diameter distribution

comparative Analysis of Four Stem Taper Models for Quercus glauca in Mount Halla,Jeju Island,South Korea

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 442-448页

作者： lumbres roscinto ian canicosa LEE Young Jin cHOI Hyung Soon KIM Sung Yong JANG Mi Na ABINO Azyleah caizares SEO Yeon Ok KIM chan Soo PARK Jung Hwan Department of Forest Resources Kongju National University college of Forestry- Benguet State University La Trinidad Benguet 2601 Philippines Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research center Korea Forest Research Institute

This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using four statistical criteria： Fit index （FI）, root mean square error （RMSE）, bias （）,and absolute mean difference （AMD）. Results showed that the Kozak02stem taper equation provided the best FI（0.9847）, RMSE（1.5745）,（-0.0030 cm） and AMD （1.0990 cm） whileMax and Burkhart model had the poorest performance among the four stem taper models based on the four evaluation statistics （FI ： 0.9793,RMSE ： 1.8272, ： 0.3040 cm and AMD ： 1.3060 cm）. These stem taper equations can serve as a useful tool for forest managers in estimating the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumesof the standing trees of Quercusglaucain theGotjawal forests located in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea.

关键词： MountHalla Merchantable stem volume Diameter outside bark Kozak model Model evaluation

What is left when anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases fails?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1248-1258页

作者： ian c Lawrance centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital FremantleWA6059Australia Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Fremantle Hospital FremantleWA6059Australia

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic incurable conditions that primarily present in young patients. Being incurable, the IBDs may be part of the patient’s life for many years and these conditions require therapies that will be effective over the long-term. Surgery in crohn’s disease does not cure the disease with endoscopic recurrent in up to 70% of patients 1 year post resection. This means that, the patient will require many years of medications and the goal of the treating physician is to induce and maintain long-term remission without side effects. The development of the anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) agents has been a magnificent clinical advance in IBD, but they are not always effective, with loss of response overtime and, at times, discontinuation is required secondary to side effects. So what options are available if of the anti-TNFα agents can no longer be used? This review aims to provide other options for the physician, to remind them of the older established medications like azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, the less established medications like mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus as well as newer therapeutic options like the anti-integins, which block the trafficking of leukocytes into the intestinal mucosa. The location of the intestinal inflammation must also be considered, as topical therapeutic agents may also be worthwhile to consider in the long-term management of the more challenging IBD patient. The more options that are available the more likely the patient will be able to have tailored therapy to treat their disease and a better long-term outcome.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Immunosuppression Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents Anti-integrin Long-term outcomes

Application of the three-dimensional telegraph equation to cosmic-ray transport

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第10期16卷 107-115页

作者： Robert c. Tautz ian Lerche Zentrum fur Astronomie und Astrophysik Technische Universitat Berlin HardenbergstraBe 36 D-10623 Berlin Germany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Ⅲ Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle D-06099 HalleGermany

An analytical solution to the three-dimensional telegraph equation is presented. This equation has recently received some attention but so far the treatment has been one-dimensional. By using the structural similarity to the Klein-Gordon equation, the telegraph equation can be solved in closed form. Illustrative examples are used to discuss the qualitative differences from the diffusion solution. A comparison with a numerical test-particle simulation reveals that some features of an intensity profile can be better explained using the telegraph approach.

关键词： plasmas -- turbulence -- magnetic field -- diffusion -- solar wind

Preventing infective complications in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9691-9698页

作者： Justine Mill ian c Lawrance centre for inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital

Over the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the treatment of patients with crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which comprise the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This is due to the increasing use of immunosuppressives and in particular the biological agents, which are being used earlier in the course of disease, and for longer durations, as these therapies result in better clinical outcomes for patients. This, however, has the potential to increase the risk of opportunistic and serious infections in these patients, most of which are preventable. Much like the risk for potential malignancy resulting from the use of these therapies long-term, a balance needs to be struck between medication use to control the disease with minimization of the risk of an opportunistic infection. This outcome is achieved by the physician’s tailored use of justified therapies, and the patients’ education and actions to minimize infection risk. The purpose of this review is to explore the evidence and guidelines available to all physicians managing patients with IBD using immunomodulating agents and to aid in the prevention of opportunistic infections.

关键词： Infection complications Inflammatory bowel diseases Immunosuppression Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents

Highway bridge seismic design:summary of FHWA/McEER project on seismic vulnerability of new highway construction

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 10-19页

作者： ian M.Friedland ian G.Buckle George c.Lee Applied Technology council 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NWSuite 700Washington D.C.20004USA Associate Director for Development Department of civil Engineering University of Nevada-RenoMail Stop 258RenoNevada89557USA Professor Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research.University at Buffalo.Red Jacket Quadrangle.Buffalo.New York 14260.USA Samuel P.Capen Professor

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a large,multi-year project conducted by the Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research (McEER) titled'Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway construction'(McEER Project 112),which was completed in *** coordinated the work of many researchers,who performed studies on the seismic design and vulnerability analysis of highway bridges,tunnels,and retaining structures. Extensive research was conducted to provide revisions and improvements to current design and detailing approaches and national design specifications for highway *** program included both analytical and experimental studies,and addressed seismic hazard exposure and ground motion input for the *** system;foundation design and soil behavior: structural importance,analysis,and response:structural design issues and details;and structural design criteria.

关键词： Seismic design specifications bridges seismic hazard exposure ground motion input structural response analysis foundation design soil behavior

Aberrant cytological localization of p16 and cDK4 in colorectal epithelia in the normal adenoma carcinoma sequence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第39期12卷 6391-6396页

作者： PO Zhao Xin Mao ian c Talbot Department of Pathology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Academic Department of Pathology St. Mark's Hospital Cancer Research UK Colorectal Cancer Unit Harrow HA1 3UJ London United Kingdom

AIM： To study the correlation between the patterns of subcellular expression of p16 and cDK4 in colorectal epithelia in the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence.METHODS： Paraffin sections of 43 cases of normal colorectal epithelia and corresponding adenomas as well as carcinomas were analysed immunocytochemically for subcellular expression of p16 and cDK4 proteins.RESULTS： Most carcinomas showed more cytoplasmic overexpression for p16 and cDK4 than the adenomas from which they arised or the adjacent normal mucosa. Most normal or non-neoplastic epithelia showed more p16 and cDK4 expression in the nucleus than their adjacent adenomas and carcinomas. There was a significant difference between the subcellular expression pattern of p16 and cDK4 in normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence epithelia （P 〈 0.001）. Neither p16 nor cDK4 subcellular patterns correlated with histological grade or Dukes＇ stage.cONcLUSION： Interaction of expression of p16 and cDK4 plays an important role in the Rb/p16 *** of p16 and cDK4 in the cytoplasm, as well as loss expression of p16 in the nucleusmighlc be important in the evolution of colorectal carcinoma from adenoma and, of adenoma from normal epitheiia.

关键词： colorectal neoplasm p16 cDK4 Immunocytochemistry