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From river blindness control to elimination:bridge over troubled water

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 215-229页

作者： Robert Colebunders Maria-Gloria Basanez Katja Siling rory j.post Anke Rotsaert Bruno Mmbando Patrick Suykerbuyk Adrian Hopkins Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpBelgium London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine LondonUK Liverpool john Moores University LiverpoolUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Neglected and Disabling diseases of Poverty Consultant GravesendKentUK

Background:An estimated 25 million people are currently infected with onchocerciasis(a parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium vectors),and 99%of these are in sub-Saharan *** African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control closed in December 2015 and the World Health Organization has established a new structure,the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases for the coordination of technical support for activities focused on five neglected tropical diseases in Africa,including onchocerciasis ***:In this paper we argue that despite the delineation of a reasonably well-defined elimination strategy,its implementation will present particular difficulties in *** aim to highlight these in an attempt to ensure that they are well understood and that effective plans can be laid to solve them by the countries concerned and their international ***:A specific concern is the burden of disease caused by onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in hyperendemic zones situated in countries experiencing difficulties in strengthening their onchocerciasis control *** difficulties should be identified and programmes supported during the transition from morbidity control to interruption of transmission and elimination.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Control Elimination Monitoring&evaluation Community drug distributors Epilepsy Prevalence Incidence

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez rory j.post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling Diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool john Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-Marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence Burden of disease Africa

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Perspectives on cultured meat

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Food Materials Research 2021年第1期1卷 10-14页

作者： Shijie Ding Mark j.post Guanghong Zhou College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control MOSTKey Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMOEKey Laboratory of Meat ProcessingMOANanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Department of Physiology Maastricht UniversityCARIMMaastrichtThe Netherlands

Cultured meat is a promising alternative protein technology that aims to produce healthier,safer,and more sustainable *** is muscle and fat tissue generated in vitro by the culturing and biomanufacturing of animal cells for human ***,producing cultured meat at large scale and low-cost is still a difficult ***,regulation and consumer acceptance are all challenges for cultured meat *** this perspective,we divided the industrial production of cultured meat into three goals according to the cell types and *** discuss the technologies used to achieve low-cost cultured meat industrial *** also discuss the regulation and consumer acceptance and how both can accelerate commercialization.

关键词： consumer cost acceptance

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Developing a USLE cover and management factor(C)for forested regions of southern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第3期14卷 660-672页

作者： Conghui Li Lili Lin Zhenbang Hao Christopher j.post Zhanghao Chen jian Liu Kunyong Yu Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002China University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province Fuzhou350002China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA

The Universal Soil Loss Equation model is often used to improve soil resource conservation by monitoring and forecasting soil *** study tested a novel method to determine the cover and management factor(C)of this model by coupling the leaf area index(LAI)and soil basal respiration(SBR)to more accurately estimate a soil erosion map for a typical region with red soil in Hetian,Fujian Province,*** spatial distribution of the LAI was obtained using the normalized difference vegetation index and was consistent with the LAI observed in the field(R^2=0.66).The spatial distribution of the SBR was obtained using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model and verified by soil respiration field observations(R^2=0.51).Correlation analyses and regression models suggested that the LAI and SBR could reasonably reflect the structure of the forest canopy and understory vegetation,***,the C-factor was reconstructed using the proposed forest vegetation structure factor(Cs),which considers the effect of the forest canopy and shrub and litter layers on reducing rainfall *** feasibility of this new method was thoroughly verified using runoff plots(R2=0.55).The results demonstrated that Cs may help local governments understand the vital role of the structure of the vegetation layer in limiting soil erosion and provide a more accurate large-scale quantification of the C-factor for soil erosion.

关键词： leaf area index remote sensing soil basal respiration forest vegetation structure factor vegetation layer structure

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The co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep learning for individual tree detection and delineation

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International journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3753-3771页

作者： Zhenbang Hao Lili Lin Christopher j.post Elena A.Mikhailova Kunyong Yu Huirong Fang jian Liu Zhangzhou Institute of Technology ZhangzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Biological Science and Biotechnology Minnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouPeople’s Republic of China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA University Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province FuzhouPeople’s Republic of China

Individual tree detection and delineation(ITDD)is an important subject in forestry and urban *** study represents the first research to propose the concept of crown resolution to comprehensively evaluate the co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep *** images with different resolutions were derived from a DjI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and 1344 manually delineated Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook)tree crowns were used for six training and validation mask region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)models,while additional 476 delineated tree crowns were reserved for *** overall detection accuracy,the influence of different crown sizes,and crown resolutions were calculated to evaluate model performance accuracy with different image resolutions for *** show that the highest accuracy was achieved when the crown resolution was between 800 and 12800 pixels/*** accuracy of ITDD was impacted by crown resolution,and it was unable to effectively identify Chinese fir when the crown resolution was less than 25 pixels/tree or higher than 12800 pixels/*** study highlights crown resolution as a critical factor affecting ITDD and suggests selecting the appropriate resolution based on the target detected crown size.

关键词： Mask R-CNN instance segmentation UAV image resolution crown-like characteristics

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Resolution of phylogenetic relationships of the major subfamilies of the Delphacidae （Homoptera： Fulgoroidea） using the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 167-177页

作者： EDDY DIjKSTRA MICHEL A. SLOTMAN rory j. post Biosystematics Group Wageningen University the Netherlands The Natural History Museum London UK

Delphacid relationships from the genus level to the subfamily have been completely resolved （among those taxa examined） using sequence data from the 3＇ end of the 12S gene. Monophyly of the non-asiracine subfamilies was strongly supported and the asiracine Ugyops was placed in the most basal position of the tree. Support levels for monophyly of the Delphacini increased after weighting transversions more heavily than transitions and after removing the cixiid outgroup from the dataset. Among the Delphacini, Conomelus and Megamelus were more closely related to each other than either was to Chloriona. These results are in agreement with the tree based on morphological characters. However, in contrast to morphological data our results strongly supported a sister group relationship between the Stenocraninae and the Kelisiinae. Although the 12S gene fragment gave some information about the species relationships within Chloriona, neither this fragment nor the 5＇ end of the 16S gene appear to be very useful for this level. Molecular evolutionary patterns provided evidence that there has been a shift in base composition from T to A during the early evolution of the non-Asiracinae. The non-Asiracinae also had comparatively fast substitution rates and these two observations are possibly correlated. In the ‘ modem＇ delphacid Chloriona, the AT content was comparatively low in regions free of constraints but this was not the case for ‘ non-modem＇ delphacids. The tRNA for valine has been translocated elsewhere, probably before the Delphacidae and Cixiidae diverged from each other.

关键词： classification Delphacidae evolution Fulgoroidea Homoptera rnitochondrial DNA phylogeny ribosomal DNA

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Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef: A review

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 208-216页

作者： Matilda S M Moritz Sanne E L Verbruggen Mark j.post Department of Physiology Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linkping UniversityLinkping SE-581 83 Sweden

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today＇s 2-dimensional（2D） standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.

关键词： cultured beef microcarriers aggregated cells packed bed bioreactor cell culture

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Sediment Pollution Assessment of Abandoned Residential Developments Using Remote Sensing and GIS

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 39-47页

作者： j.D.WERTS E.A.MIKHAILOVA C.j.post j.L.SHARP Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson University 261 Lehotsky HallClemson SC 29634 (USA) Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University 234 Barre HallClemson SC 29634 (USA)

The current economic crisis has left numerous residential developments in the southeastern United States in various stages of construction. Many of them are currently graded and essentially abandoned, creating a major source of sediment runoff to waterways. Residential development locations with significant bare soil areas were identified through classification of Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery and subsequently verified from high-resolution county aerial photographs. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used in a geographic information system (GIS) as a tool for prioritizing identified locations on the basis of potential soil loss assuming the worst case scenario of a completely unmaintained site. Initial GIS identification indicated 301 sites with a total bare soil area of 2 378 ha over three counties in Upstate South Carolina. A random sample of 153 sites was visited over 17 days and assessed using a mobile GIS, global positioning system (GPS), and digital camera for field validation. Results indicated that 78% (119) of the sites were classified correctly (residential construction sites in varying stages of completion); 88% of identified areas were less than 25% built compared to the previous year; 48% were categorized as moderate to severe problems. Abandoned and unfinished developments in Upstate South Carolina may represent a major source of sediment pollution to streams. Well-maintained erosion control devices may be useful in preventing offsite sedimentation.

关键词： classification construction erosion RUSLE soil loss

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Extreme developmental temperatures result in morphological abnormalities in painted turtles(Chrysemys picta):a climate change perspective

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 197-208页

作者： rory S.TELEMECO Daniel A.WARNER Molly K.REIDA Fredric j.jANZEN Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA

Increases in extreme environmental events are predicted to be major results of ongoing global climate change and may impact the persistence of *** examined the effects of heat and cold waves during embryonic development of painted turtles(Chrysemys picta)in natural nests on the occurrence of abnormal shell morphologies in *** found that nests exposed to extreme hot temperatures for>60 h produced more hatchlings with abnormalities than nests exposed to extreme hot temperatures for shorter periods,regardless of whether or not nesting females displayed abnormal *** observed no effect of extreme cold nest temperatures on the occurrence of hatchlings with ***,the frequency of nesting females with abnormal shell morphologies was approximately 2-fold lower than that of their offspring,suggesting that such abnormalities are negatively correlated with survival and *** turtles could potentially buffer their offspring from extreme heat by altering aspects of nesting behavior,such as choosing shadier nesting *** addressed this hypothesis by examining the effects of shade cover on extreme nest temperatures and the occurrence of hatchling *** shade cover was negatively correlated with the occurrence of extreme hot nest temperatures,it was not significantly correlated with ***,female choice of shade cover does not appear to be a viable target for selection to reduce hatchling *** results suggest that increases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves associated with climate change might perturb developmental programs and thereby reduce the fitness of entire cohorts of turtles.

关键词： anomaly fundamental niche incubation nesting behavior scute deformity

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Potential Contribution of Combined Atmospheric Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) Wet Deposition Within the Continental U.S. to Soil Inorganic Carbon Sequestration

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 808-814页

作者： E.A.MIKHAILOVA M.A.GODDARD C.j.post M.A.SCHLAUTMAN j.M.GALBRAITH School of Agricultural Forestand Environmental SciencesClemson University Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Clemson University Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Virginia Tech

Soil inorganic carbon （SIC） stocks continuously change from the formation of pedogenic carbonates, a process requiring inputs of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ ions. This study ranked the soil orders in terms of potential inorganic carbon sequestration resulting from wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition from 1994 to 2003 within the continental United States. The analysis revealed that average annual atmospheric wet deposition of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ was the highest in the Central Midwest-Great Plains region, likely due to soil particle input from loess-derived soils. The soil orders receiving the highest total average annual atmospheric wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition, expressed as potential inorganic carbon formation （barring losses from erosion and leaching）, were： 1） Mollisols （1.1 × 10^8 kg C）, 2） Alfisols （8.4 × 10^7 kg C）, 3） Entisols （3.8 × 10^7 kg C）, and 4） Aridisols （2.8 × 10^7 kg C）. In terms of area-normalized result, the soil orders were ranked： 1） Histosols （73 kg C km-2）, 2） Alfisols and Vertisols （64 kg C km-2）, 3） Mollisols （62 kg C km-2）, and 4） Spodosols （52 kg C kin-2）. The results of this study provide an estimate of potential soil inorganic carbon sequestration as a result of atmospheric wet Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ deposition, and this information may be useful in assessing dynamic nature of soil inorganic carbon pools.

关键词： calcite carbon cycle dolomite pedogenic

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