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The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 34-41页

作者： Adriana Barbosa de Lima Fonseca Marise do Vale Simon Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura roque pacheco de almeida Malcolm S.Duthie Steven G.Reed Amelia Ribeiro de Jesus department of Medicine Molecular Biology LaboratoryUniversity HospitalUniversidade Federal de SergipeSao CristovaoSergipeBrazil Infectious Disease Research Institute SeattleUSA Instituto de Investigacao em Imunologia Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e TecnologiaCNPqSao PauloSPBrazil.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium *** to official reports from 121 countries across five WHO regions,there were 213899 newly diagnosed cases in *** leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves,it can present across a spectrum of clinical and histopathological forms that are strongly influenced by the immune response of the infected *** forms comprise the extremes of tuberculoid leprosy(TT),with a ***-specific Th1,but also a Th17,response that limits *** multiplication,through to lepromatous leprosy(LL),with ***-specific Th2 and T regulatory responses that do not control *** replication but rather allow bacterial *** interpolar borderline clinical forms present with similar,but less extreme,immune *** inflammatory episodes,known as leprosy reactions,are complications that may occur before,during or after treatment,and cause further neurological damages that can cause irreversible chronic *** review discusses the innate and adaptive immune responses,and their interactions,that are known to affect pathogenesis and influence the clinical outcome of leprosy.

关键词： Leprosy Clinical presentation Immunology Innate immunity Immune pathogenesis

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Follicular helper T lymphocytes in health and disease

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World Journal of Hematology 2014年第4期3卷 118-127页

作者： Cecilia Parodi María Noel Badano Nora Galassi Ana Coraglia Patricia Baré Alejandro Malbrán María Marta de Elizalde de Bracco department of Immunology Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)– CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM) Pacheco de Melo 3081Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425Argentina department of Virology Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano Castex (IIHEMA)-ANMPacheco de Melo 3081Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425Argentina Unidad de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica Av. Pte. Roque Saenz Pe?a 1160Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1431GHABuenos AiresArgentina

A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper Ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. In chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.

关键词： Follicular helper T(TFH)lymphocytes TFH development Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 5 Interleukin-21 Programmed cell death-1/Programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL-1)or PDL-2 Primary immunodeficiencies Autoimmunity Chronic viral infections Protozoan infections

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