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A Novel Cluster Based Time Synchronization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensor Network 2017年第5期9卷 145-165页

作者： Gopal chand Gautam Narottam chand Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur Hamirpur India

Time synchronization is one of the important aspects in wireless sensor networks. Time synchronization assures that all the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network have the same clock time. There are various applications such as seismic study, military applications, pollution monitoring where sensor nodes require synchronized time. Time synchronization is mandatory for many wireless sensor networks protocols such as MAC protocols and also important for TDMA scheduling for proper duty cycle coordination. Time synchronization is a stimulating problem in wireless sensor networks because each node has its own local clock which keeps on varying due to variation in the oscillator frequency. The oscillator frequency is time varying due to ambient conditions which leads to re-synchronization of nodes time and again. This re-synchronization process is energy consuming whereas energy is constraints in WSN. This paper proposes a novel cluster based time synchronization technique for wireless sensor networks in which cluster head rotation is based on minimum clock offset. Simulation results based on energy analysis of the proposed model demonstrate that proposed novel cluster based time synchronization technique reduces the energy consumption and also the synchronization error compared with other existing protocols.

关键词： Cluster Offset Delay Time Synchronization

Silicon and plant nutrition—dynamics,mechanisms of transport and role of silicon solubilizer microbiomes in sustainable agriculture:A review

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 534-555页

作者： Barkha SHARMA Kailash chand KUMAWAT Shalini TIWARI Ajay KUMAR Rouf Ahmad DAR Ummed SINGH Massimiliano CARDINALE Department of Microbiology G.B.Pant University of Agriculture&TechnologyPantnagarUttarakhand 263145(India) Department of Industrial Microbiology Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and BioengineeringSam Higginbottom University of AgricultureTechnology and Sciences(SHUATS)PrayagrajUttar Pradesh 211007(India) College of Agriculture Agriculture UniversityJodhpurBaytuBarmerRajasthan 344034(India) Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-DiSTeBA University of SalentoSP6 Lecce-MonteroniLecce I-73100(Italy)

Silicon(Si)is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and has numerous roles in both soils and plants,although it is inaccessible to plants in its native state(insoluble silicate minerals).This inaccessibility can lead to insufficiency,which induces anomalies in plant growth and ***,Si alleviates various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants by enhancing tolerance mechanisms at different stages of uptake/deposition as a monosilicic *** utilization of conventional Si fertilizers to boost agricultural productivity in an attempt to meet the world’s ever-increasing food demand may result in surface and groundwater pollution,waterway eutrophication,soil fertility depletion,and accumulation of hazardous elements such as arsenic in *** addressing the drawbacks of chemical fertilizers,this review emphasizes an environmentally friendly alternative,namely,Si-solubilizing microorganisms(SSMs),as bioinoculants to liberate soluble Si and thus making it available to plants.A deep understanding of recent advances in the functional diversity,colonization patterns,modes of action,role in biogeochemical cycling,and plant stress tolerance of SSMs and their implementation in Si-based agrowaste management through the fabrication of nanoparticles,could help to establish a reliable tool for economically and environmentally sustainable *** this perspective,in this review,we comprehensively summarize the latest methodologies for the isolation,screening,and characterization of SSMs and Si solubilization mechanisms,including ligands(divalent cations),acids(inorganic and organic),alkali(nucleophilic attack),extracellular polysaccharides,and factors affecting them,as well as Si-mediated regulation of gene expression involved in Si uptake,transportation,and *** have critically revised the role of SSMs according to the current *** contributions of SSMs to biofertilization are still being explored;hence,we also

关键词： agrowaste management biofertilizer bioinoculant monosilicic acid plant stress silicon-solubilizing microorganism

Modal analysis of prestressed draft pad of freight wagons using finite element method

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第1期23卷 43-49页

作者： Sachin Sudhakar Harak Satish chand Sharma Suraj Prakash Harsha Vibration and Noise Control Lab. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology

The present work intends to investigate dynamic behaviour of draft gear using finite element method. The longitudinal force that the draft gear absorbs usually leads to the failure of its components, especially, the load bearing draft pads. Dynamic behaviour of an individual draft pad and a draft gear is determined and characterized with exciting frequen- cies and corresponding mode shapes. The effect of compressive prestress load on the dynamic behaviour of an individual draft pad is also determined as the draft pads in assembled state are under constant axial compressive force in the draft gear. The vibration characteristics of individual draft pad are compared with draft pads that are part of draft gear. The modal analysis gives us a basis for subjecting a draft pad to higher frequency loading for determining its fatigue behaviour.

关键词： Draft gear. Draft pad. Prestress Naturalfrequency Mode shapes Finite element method

Live Video Services Using Fast Broadcasting Scheme

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Communications and Network 2010年第1期2卷 79-85页

作者： Satish chand 不详

The Fast Broadcasting scheme is one of the simplest schemes that provide video services. In this scheme, the video is divided into equal-sized segments depending upon the bandwidth allocated by the video server. If the video length is not known, then this scheme cannot be applied as the number of video segments cannot be determined. In a live video wherein the video size is unknown, especially the ending time of the live broadcast, e.g., cricket match, this scheme cannot be applied. In this paper, we propose a model that helps the Fast Broadcasting scheme to support live video broadcasting. The basic architecture of the system consists of a live system with one video channel that broadcasts the live video and a video server that broadcasts the already broadcast live video to users.

关键词： fast broadcasting scheme live video channel channel transition

Basic deep eutectic solvents as reactant, template and solvents for ultra-fast preparation of transition metal oxide nanomaterials

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第6期31卷 1584-1587页

作者： Jia Chen Mohammad chand Ali Ruirui Liu Jean Claude Munyemana Zhan Li Honglin Zhai Hongdeng Qiu CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China Department of Chemistry Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000.China

Developing a new type of deep eutectic solvents(DESs)is indispensable for expanding their application in various ***,we report a series of new highly basic ***-IR,quantitative 1 H NMR,MD simulation and physical properties show that these basic liquids are made up of hydroxide acceptor of alkali metal hydroxides in which the hydrogen bonding interactions coordinate the *** DESs can be played three roles as new solvents,template and reactant for facile and ultra-fast preparation of transition metal oxide nanomaterials such as NiCo2 O4,MnCo2 O4,NiMn2 O4,CoCu2 O4 and Co3 O4 under mild *** work shows one of the low energy-intensive methods for nanomaterial *** initial findings of basic deep eutectic solvents provide a potential applicability around the systematic development of transition metal oxide nanosheets.

关键词： Basic deep eutectic solvents Hydrogen-bonding acceptors Hydrogen-bonding donors Transition metal oxide Nanomaterials

Controlled Mobility Time Synchronization for WSNs

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Wireless Sensor Network 2017年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Gopal chand Gautam Narottam chand Kaushal Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur Hamirpur India

One of the important aspects in wireless sensor networks is time synchronization. Many applications such as military activity monitoring, environmental monitoring and forest fire monitoring require highly accurate time synchronization. Time synchronization assures that all the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network have the same clock time. It is not only essential for aforementioned applications but it is mandatory for TDMA scheduling and proper duty cycle coordination. Time synchronization is a challenging problem due to energy constraints. Most of the existing synchronization protocols use fixed nodes for synchronization, but in the proposed synchronization, algorithm mobile nodes are used to synchronize the stationary nodes in the sensing field. In this paper, we propose a new time synchronization algorithm, named controlled mobility time synchronization (CMTS) with the objective to achieve the higher accuracy while synchronizing the nodes. The proposed approach is used in this paper to synchronize the nodes externally by using the mobile nodes. Simulation results exhibit that proposed controlled mobility time synchronization increases the synchronization precision and reduces the energy consumption as well as synchronization error by reducing the collisions and retransmissions.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Network Time Synchronization Mobility Offset Energy

Microscopic and metabolic investigations disclose the factors that lead to skin cracking in chili-type pepper fruit varieties

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Horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 211-224页

作者： Ofir Marinov Gal Nomberg Sutanni Sarkar Gulab chand Arya Eldad Karavani Einat Zelinger Ekaterina Manasherova Hagai Cohen Department of Vegetable and Field Crops Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organization(ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZion 7505101Israel Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel Center for Scientific Imaging(CSI) The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel

The hydrophobic cuticle encasing the fruit skin surface plays critical roles during fruit development and *** failure often results in the fruit surface cracking and forming a wound-periderm tissue made of suberin and *** factors that make the fruit skin susceptible to cracking have yet to be fully ***,we investigated two varieties of chili peppers(Capsicum annuum L.),Numex Garnet,whose fruit has intact skin,and Vezena Slatka,whose fruit has cracked *** observations,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,biochemical and gene expression assays revealed that Vezena Slatka fruit form a thicker cuticle with greater levels of cutin monomers and hydroxycinnamic acids,and highly express key cutin-related *** skin of these fruit also had a lower epidermal cell density due to cells with very large perimeters,and highly express genes involved in epidermal cell *** demonstrate that skin cracking in the Vezena Slatka fruit is accompanied by a spatial accumulation of lignin-like polyphenolic compounds,without the formation of a typical wound-periderm tissues made of suberized ***,we establish that skin cracking in chili-type pepper significantly affects fruit quality during post-harvest storage in a temperature-dependent *** conclusion,our data highlight cuticle thickness and epidermal cell density as two critical factors determining fruit skin susceptibility to cracking in chili-type pepper fruit.

关键词： varieties pepper cracking

Anthraquinone Derivatives as an Immune Booster and their Therapeutic Option Against COVID-19

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2020年第5期10卷 325-335页

作者： Pukar Khanal B.M.Patil Jagdish chand Yasmin Naaz Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research(KAHER)Belagavi 590010India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research(KAHER)Belagavi 590010India

Anthraquinone derivatives are identified for their immune-boosting,anti-inflammatory,and anti-viral ***,the pre-sent study aimed to investigate the reported anthraquinone derivatives as immune booster molecules in COVID-19 infection and evaluate their binding affinity with three reported targets of novel coronavirus i.e.3C-like protease,papain-like protease,and spike *** reported anthraquinone derivatives were retrieved from an open-source database and filtered based on a positive druglikeness *** with positive druglikeness scores were predicted for their targets using DIGEP-Pred and the interaction among modulated proteins was evaluated using ***,the associated pathways were recorded concerning the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway ***,the docking was performed using autodock4 to identify the binding efficacy of anthraquinone derivatives with 3C-like protease,papain-like protease,and spike *** docking the pose of ligand scoring minimum binding energy was chosen to visualize the ligand-protein *** 101 bioactives,36 scored positive druglikeness score and regulated multiple pathways concerned with immune modulation and(non-)infectious ***,docking study revealed torososide B to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease and 3C-like protease and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside with spike protein.

关键词： 3CLpro Anthroquine derivatives Coronavirus COVID-19 Immune boost

Postponing AMI to 100 Years: An Emerging Concept

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 401-408页

作者： Prabhash chand Manoria Director and Head Department of Cardiology Heart and Critical Hospital Bhopal India

Acute myocardial infarction is a deadly disease, and in the Indian context, it occurs at a younger age, even below the age of 40 years, and sometimes even below 30 years. These young MI patients have high mortality rates, and many of them are not able to reach the hospital. The pathophysiology of AMI is very well understood. AMI is a multifactorial disease and has several risk factors, like dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, diet, etc. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has a very strong causal relationship with atherosclerosis. Reducing LDL-C to <70 results in the arrest of the progression of atherosclerosis, and slashing its level to below 50 produces the regression of atherosclerosis. The cumulative exposure of LDL-C to the arterial wall is a very strong determinant of atherosclerosis and the development of AMI. The coronary heart disease (CHD) threshold target of LDL-C for the development of AMI is roughly 7000 mg/year. If LDL-C is 100 mg/dL from an early age, the CHD threshold target for the development of AMI will reach 70 years of age. However, if LDL-C target is <70 mg/dL from an early age, the patients will reach the CHD threshold of LDL-C at the age of 100 years. Based on the current science, this is an emerging concept to postpone AMI by several years, even up to 100 years. The goal of LDL-C <70 mg/dL can be achieved by available oral or injectable drugs. Gene editing with CRISPR technology is emerging as a very exciting modality for lowering LDL-C to a very low level for the rest of life.

关键词： Acute Myocardial Infarction Cumulative Exposure of LDL-C Inclisiran CRISPR Technology