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Towards the Design of Ethics Aware Systems for the Internet of Things

China Communications 2020年第2期17卷 239-252页

作者： Sahil Sholla roohie naaz Mir Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Computer Science and Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Srinagar

The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user applications. However, ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not been adequately considered. Smart things endowed with artificial intelligence may carry out decisions that entail ethical consequences. It is assumed that the functioning of a smart device does not involve any ethical responsibility vis-a-vis its application context. Such a perspective may precipitate situations that endanger essential human values or cause physical or emotional harm. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the design of ethics within intelligent systems to safeguard human interests. In order to address these concerns, we propose a novel method based on Boolean algebra that enables a machine to exhibit varying ethical behaviour by employing the concept of ethics categories and ethics modes. Such enhancement of smart things offers a way to design ethically compliant smart devices and paves way for human friendly technology ecosystems.

关键词： Boolean ethics aware ethical design Internet of Things

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Ethics Aware Object Oriented Smart City Architecture

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China Communications 2017年第5期14卷 160-173页

作者： Sahil Sholla roohie naaz Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Computer Science and Engineering Department National Institute of Technology SrinagarHazratbal 190006India

A novel initiative in providing advanced civic amenities is the idea of smart city driven by the lnternet of Things. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a smart city, diverse smart city architectures have been proposed. However, it is observed that adequate consideration is not given to the most important element of a smart city i.e. its people. In our opinion, energy efficient technologically driven city does not necessarily lead to a smart city. Ethics, tradition and law form essential ingredients of complex social palette that cannot be ignored. In this work we propose Ethics-Aware Object-Oriented Smart City Architecture （EOSCA） that has two distinguishing features. Firstly, we propose an object oriented layered architecture where an object represents an abstraction of a real world thing along with requisite security and ethics parameters. Secondly, we propose to integrate socio-cultural and ethical aspects within the smart city architecture by dedicating a separate ethics layer. Such enhancement not only addresses the challenge of privacy and security of a smart city, but also makes it people friendly by incorporating ethics. Such measures would facilitate social acceptance of smart city paradigm and augment its economic value.

关键词： internet of things smart city architecture ethics law society

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Idea plagiarism detection with recurrent neural networks and vector space model

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2021年第3期14卷 321-332页

作者： Azra Nazir roohie naaz Mir Shaima Qureshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagarIndia

Purpose-Natural languages have a fundamental quality of suppleness that makes it possible to present a single idea in plenty of different *** feature is often exploited in the academic world,leading to the theft of work referred to as *** approaches have been put forward to detect such cases based on various text features and grammatical structures of ***,there is a huge scope of improvement for detecting intelligent ***/methodology/approach-To realize this,the paper introduces a hybrid model to detect intelligent plagiarism by breaking the entire process into three stages:(1)clustering,(2)vector formulation in each cluster based on semantic roles,normalization and similarity index calculation and(3)Summary generation using *** effective weighing scheme has been introduced to select terms used to build vectors based on K-means,which is calculated on the synonym set for the said *** the value calculated in the last stage lies above a predefined threshold,only then the next semantic argument is *** the similarity score for two documents is beyond the threshold,a short summary for plagiarized documents is ***-Experimental results show that this method is able to detect connotation and concealment used in idea plagiarism besides detecting literal ***/value-The proposed model can help academics stay updated by providing summaries of relevant *** would eliminate the practice of plagiarism infesting the academic community at an unprecedented *** model will also accelerate the process of reviewing academic documents,aiding in the speedy publishing of research articles.

关键词： Natural language processing Vector space model Recurrent neural networks Plagiarism detection

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Towards the Design of Ethics Aware Systems for the Internet of Things

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China Communications 2019年第9期16卷 209-221页

作者： Sahil Sholla roohie naaz Mir Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Computer Science and Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Srinagar

The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user ***,ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not been adequately *** things endowed with artificial intelligence may carry out decisions that entail ethical *** is assumed that the functioning of a smart device does not involve any ethical responsibility vis-a-vis its application *** a perspective may precipitate situations that endanger essential human values or cause physical or emotional ***,it is necessary to consider the design of ethics within intelligent systems to safeguard human *** order to address these concerns,we propose a novel method based on Boolean algebra that enables a machine to exhibit varying ethical behaviour by employing the concept of ethics categories and ethics *** enhancement of smart things offers a way to design ethically compliant smart devices and paves way for human friendly technology ecosystems.

关键词： Boolean ethics aware ethical design Internet of Things

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Exploring compression and parallelization techniques for distribution of deep neural networks over Edge-Fog continuum-a review

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2020年第3期13卷 331-364页

作者： Azra Nazir roohie naaz Mir Shaima Qureshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagarIndia

Purpose-The trend of“Deep Learning for Internet of Things(IoT)”has gained fresh momentum with enormous upcoming applications employing these models as their processing engine and Cloud as their resource *** this picture leads to underutilization of ever-increasing device pool of IoT that has already passed 15 billion mark in ***,it is high time to explore a different approach to tackle this issue,keeping in view the characteristics and needs of the two *** at the Edge can boost applications with realtime deadlines while complementing ***/methodology/approach-This review paper contributes towards three cardinal directions of research in the field of DL for *** first section covers the categories of IoT devices and how Fog can aid in overcoming the underutilization of millions of devices,forming the realm of the things for *** second direction handles the issue of immense computational requirements of DL models by uncovering specific compression *** appropriate combination of these techniques,including regularization,quantization,and pruning,can aid in building an effective compression pipeline for establishing DL models for IoT *** third direction incorporates both these views and introduces a novel approach of parallelization for setting up a distributed systems view of DL for ***-DL models are growing deeper with every passing ***-coordinated distributed execution of such models using Fog displays a promising future for the IoT application *** is realized that a vertically partitioned compressed deep model can handle the trade-off between size,accuracy,communication overhead,bandwidth utilization,and latency but at the expense of an additionally considerable memory *** reduce the memory budget,we propose to exploit Hashed Nets as potentially favorable candidates for distributed ***,the critical point between accuracy and size for such models needs further i

关键词： Distributed deep neural networks Fog Internet of things Compression Parallelization Paper type Research paper

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Adaptive task scheduling in IoT using reinforcement learning

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2020年第3期13卷 261-282页

作者： Mohammad Khalid Pandit roohie naaz Mir Mohammad Ahsan Chishti Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagarIndia

Purpose-The intelligence in the Internet of Things(IoT)can be embedded by analyzing the huge volumes of data generated by it in an ultralow latency *** computational latency incurred by the cloud-only solution can be significantly brought down by the fog computing layer,which offers a computing infrastructure to minimize the latency in service delivery and *** this purpose,a task scheduling policy based on reinforcement learning(RL)is developed that can achieve the optimal resource utilization as well as minimum time to execute tasks and significantly reduce the communication costs during distributed ***/methodology/approach-To realize this,the authors proposed a two-level neural network(NN)-based task scheduling system,where the first-level NN(feed-forward neural network/convolutional neural network[FFNN/CNN])determines whether the data stream could be analyzed(executed)in the resourceconstrained environment(edge/fog)or be directly forwarded to the *** second-level NN(RL module)schedules all the tasks sent by level 1 NN to fog layer,among the available fog *** real-time task assignment policy is used to minimize the total computational latency(makespan)as well as communication ***-Experimental results indicated that the RL technique works better than the computationally infeasible greedy approach for task scheduling and the combination of RL and task clustering algorithm reduces the communication costs ***/value-The proposed algorithm fundamentally solves the problem of task scheduling in realtime fog-based IoT with best resource utilization,minimum makespan and minimum communication cost between the tasks.

关键词： Internet of things Neural networks Task scheduling

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