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Distributed Multi-hop Clustering Approach with Low Energy Consumption in WSN

Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 903-924页

作者： R.Nithya roobaea alroobaea Ahmed Binmahfoudh Zairi Ismael Rizman Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vivekananda College of Engineering for WomenTiruchengode637205Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia School of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA23000DungunTerengganuMalaysia

The purpose of sensing the environment and geographical positions,device monitoring,and information gathering are accomplished using Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),which is a non-dependent device consisting of a distinct collection of Sensor Node(SN).Thus,a clustering based on Energy Efficient(EE),one of the most crucial processes performed in WSN with distinct environments,is *** order to efficiently manage energy allocation during sensing and communication,the present research on managing energy efficiency is performed on the basis of distributed *** of EE methods were incapable of supporting EE routing with MIN-EC in WSN in spite of the focus of EE methods on energy harvesting and minimum Energy Consumption(EC).The three stages of performance are proposed in this research *** the outset,during routing and Route Searching Time(RST)with fluctuating node density and PKTs,EC is reduced by the Hybrid Energy-based Multi-User Routing(HEMUR)model proposed in this *** efficiency and an ideal route for various SNs with distinct PKTs in WSN are obtained by this *** utilizing the Approximation Algorithm(AA),the Bregman Tensor Approximation Clustering(BTAC)is applied to improve the Route Path Selection(RPS)efficiency for Data Packet Transmission(DPT)at the Sink Node(SkN).The enhanced Network Throughput Rate(NTR)and low DPT Delay are provided by *** MAX the Clustering Efficiency(CE)and minimize the EC,the Energy Effective Distributed Multi-hop Clustering(GISEDC)method based on Generalized Iterative Scaling is *** Multi-User Routing(MUR)is used by the HEMUR model to enhance the EC by 20%during *** compared with other advanced techniques,the Average Energy Per Packet(AEPP)is enhanced by 39%with the application of proportional fairness with Boltzmann Distribution(BD).The Gaussian Fast Linear Combinations(GFLC)with AA are applied by BTAC method with an enhanced Communication Overhead(COH)for an increase in performance

关键词： Sensor node clustering routing energy consumption multi-path routing

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Comparative Design and Study of A 60 GHz Antenna for Body-Centric Wireless Communications

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第4期37卷 19-32页

作者： Kaisarul Islam Tabia Hossain Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan Mehedi Masud roobaea alroobaea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South UniversityBashundharaDhaka-1229Bangladesh Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia

In this paper performance of three different designs of a 60 GHz highgain antenna for body-centric communication has been evaluated. The basic structure of the antenna is a slotted patch consisting of a rectangular ring radiator withpassive radiators inside. The variation of the design was done by changing theshape of these passive radiators. For free space performance, two types of excitations were used—waveguide port and a coaxial probe. The coaxial probe signifi-cantly improved both the bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The centerfrequency of all the designs was close to 60 GHz with a bandwidth of more than5 GHz. These designs achieved a maximum gain of 8.47 dB, 10 dB, and 9.73 dBwhile the radiation efficiency was around 94%. For body-centric applications,these antennas were simulated at two different distances from a human torsophantom using a coaxial probe. The torso phantom was modeled by taking threelayers of the human body—skin, fat, and muscle. Millimeter waves have lowpenetration depth in the human body as a result antenna performance is lessaffected. A negligible shift of return loss curves was observed. Radiation efficiencies dropped at the closest distance to the phantom and at the furthest distance, theefficiencies increased to free space values. On the three layers human body phantom, all three different antenna designs show directive radiation patterns towards offthe body. All three designs exhibited similar results in terms of center frequency andefficiency but varied slightly by either having better bandwidth or maximum gain.

关键词： Body-centric communication coaxial probe high gain millimeterwave 60 GHz on-body patch compact antenna antenna performance

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Liver Tumors Segmentation Using 3D SegNet Deep Learning Approach

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1655-1677页

作者： G.Nallasivan V.Ramachandran roobaea alroobaea Jasem Almotiri Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500090India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21974Saudi Arabia

An ultrasonic filter detects signs of malignant tumors by analysing the image’s pixel quality fluctuations caused by a liver *** of malignant growth proximity are identified in an ultrasound filter through image pixel quality variations from a liver’s *** changes are more common in alcoholic liver conditions than in other etiologies of cirrhosis,suggesting that the cause may be alcohol instead of liver *** Two-Dimensional(2D)ultrasound data sets contain an accuracy rate of 85.9%and a 2D Computed Tomography(CT)data set of 91.02%.The most recent work on designing a Three-Dimensional(3D)ultrasound imaging system in or close to real-time is *** this article,a Deep Learning(DL)model is implemented and modified to fit liver CT segmentation,and a semantic pixel classification of road scenes is *** architecture is called semantic pixel-wise segmentation and comprises a hierarchical link of encoder-decoder layers.A standard data set was used to test the proposed model for liver CT scans and the tumor accuracy in the training *** the normal class,we obtained 100%precision for chronic cirrhosis hepatitis(73%),offset cirrhosis(59.26%),and offensive cirrhosis(91.67%)for chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis(73,0%).The aim is to develop a Computer-Aided Detection(CAD)screening tool to detect *** results proved 98.33%exactness,94.59%sensitivity,and 92.11%case with Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)*** the classifier’s performance did not differentiate so clearly at this level,it was recommended that CNN generally perform better due to the good relationship between Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve(AUC)and accuracy.

关键词： Deep learning liver tumor CNN CT accuracy

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Efficient Power Control for UAV Based on Trajectory and Game Theory

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5589-5606页

作者： Fadhil Mukhlif Ashraf Osman Ibrahim Norafida Ithnin roobaea alroobaea Majed Alsafyani Information Assurance and Security Research Group(IASRG) School of ComputingFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohorMalaysia Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia

Due to the fact that network space is becoming more limited,the implementation of ultra-dense networks(UDNs)has the potential to enhance not only network coverage but also network *** Aerial Vehicle(UAV)communications have recently garnered a lot of attention due to the fact that they are extremely versatile and may be applied to a wide variety of contexts and purposes.A cognitive UAV is proposed as a solution for the Internet of Things ground terminal’s wireless nodes in this *** the IoT system,the UAV is utilised not only to determine how the resources should be distributed but also to provide power to the wireless *** quality of service(QoS)offered by the cognitive node was interpreted as a price-based utility function,which was demonstrated in the form of a non-cooperative game theory in order to maximise customers’net utility *** energyefficient non-cooperative game theory power allocation with pricing strategy abbreviated as(EE-NGPAP)is implemented in this study with two trajectories Spiral and Sigmoidal in order to facilitate effective power management in Internet of Things(IoT)wireless *** has also been demonstrated,theoretically and by the use of simulations,that the Nash equilibrium does exist and that it is one of a *** proposed energy harvesting approach was shown,through simulations,to significantly reduce the typical amount of power thatwas *** is taken into consideration to agree with the objective of 5G *** order to converge to Nash Equilibrium(NE),the method that is advised only needs roughly 4 iterations,which makes it easier to utilise in the real world,where things aren’t always the same.

关键词： UAV spiral&sigmoid trajectory drones IoT game theory energy efficiency 6G

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Mathematical Model Validation of Search Protocols in MP2P Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1807-1829页

作者： Ajay Arunachalam Vinayakumar Ravi Moez Krichen roobaea alroobaea Saeed Rubaiee Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Faculty of CSIT Al-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia ReDCAD LaboratoryUniversity of SfaxTunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia

Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission *** is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every *** naive flooding technique,floods the network with query messages,while the random walk technique operates by contacting the subsets of every node’s neighbors at each step,thereby restricting the search *** of the key challenges in an ad-hoc network is the resource or content discovery problem which is about locating the queried *** earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of flooding,and its variants under a wired ***,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of P2P systems running over *** this paper,we describe how P2P resource discovery protocols perform badly over *** address the limitations,we propose a new protocol named ABRW(Address Broadcast Random Walk),which is a lightweight search approach,designed considering the underlay topology aimed to better suit the unstructured *** provide the mathematical model,measuring the performance of our proposed search scheme with different widely popular benchmarked search ***,we also derive three relevant search performance metrics,i.e.,mean *** steps needed to find a resource,the probability of finding a resource,and the mean *** message *** validated the analytical expressions through *** simulation results closely matched with our analyticalmodel,justifying our *** proposed search algorithm under such highly dynamic self-evolving networks performed better,as it reduced the search latency,decreased the overall message overhead,and still equally had a good success rate.

关键词： Search protocols random walk MANET P2P networks P2P MANET mathematical model peer-to-peer wireless ad hoc network flooding mobile P2P unstructured P2P NS-2 network simulator

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Analytical Comparison of Resource Search Algorithms in Non-DHT Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 983-1001页

作者： Ajay Arunachalam Vinayakumar Ravi Moez Krichen roobaea alroobaea Jehad Saad Alqurni Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Center for Articial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Faculty of CSIT Al-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia ReDCAD LaboratoryUniversity of SfaxTunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Education Technologies College of EducationImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversitySaudi Arabia

One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery *** efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question?Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission *** is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every *** naive ooding technique oods the network with query messages,while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step,thereby restricting the search *** earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of ooding technique,and its variants,in a wired network ***,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of mobile P2P *** this article,we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques,and compare with the proposed improved random walk method,a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT *** provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different ooding-based search techniques,and our proposed *** analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures,i.e.,the *** of steps needed to nd a resource,the probability of locating a resource,and the *** of messages generated during the entire search process.

关键词： Mathematical model MANET P2P networks P2P MANET unstructured search algorithms Peer-to-Peer ad-hoc ooding random walk resource discovery content discovery mobile peer-to-peer broadcast peer

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An Effective Online Collaborative Training in Developing Listening Comprehension Skills

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第8期38卷 131-140页

作者： Shakeel Ahmed Munazza Ambreen Muneer Ahmad Abdulellah A.Alaboudi roobaea alroobaea NZ Jhanjhi Department of Secondary Instructors Education Faculty of EducationAllama Iqbal Open UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science&ITUniversiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia College of Computer Science Shaqra UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Engineering SCETaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya47500Malaysia

The COVID-19 outbreak severely affected formal face-to-face classroom teaching and ***-based online education and training can be a useful measure during the *** the Pakistani educational context,the use of ICT-based online training is generally sporadic and often unavailable,especially for developing English-language instructors’listening comprehension *** major factors affecting availability include insufficient IT resources and infrastructure,a lack of proper online training for speech and listening,instructors with inadequate academic backgrounds,and an unfavorable environment for ICT-based training for listening *** study evaluated the effectiveness of ICT-based training for developing secondary-level English-language instructors’listening comprehension *** this end,collaborative online training was undertaken using random ***,60 private-school instructors in Chakwal District,Pakistan,were randomly selected to receive online-listening training sessions using English *** experimental group achieved significant scores in the posttest ***,there were substantial improvements in the participants’listening skills via online *** the unavailability of face-to-face learning during COVID-19,this study recommends using ICT-based online training to enhance listening comprehension *** policymakers should revise curricula based on online teaching methods and modules.

关键词： COVID-19 online training remote teaching computers in education listening comprehension English language

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IoT Based Smart Framework Monitoring System for Power Station

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6019-6037页

作者： Arodh Lal Karn Panneer Selvam Manickam R.Saravanan roobaea alroobaea Jasem Almotiri Sudhakar Sengan Department of Financial and Actuarial Mathematics School of ScienceXi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversityChina Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering CollegeChennai600062Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia

Power Station(PS)monitoring systems are becoming critical,ensuring electrical safety through early warning,and in the event of a PS fault,the power supply is quickly *** technologies are based on relays and don’t have a way to capture and store user data when there is a *** proposed framework is designed with the goal of providing smart environments for protecting electrical types of *** paper proposes an Internet of Things(IoT)-based Smart Framework(SF)for monitoring the Power Devices(PD)which are being used in power substations.A Real-Time Monitoring(RTM)system is proposed,and it uses a state-of-the-art smart IoT-based System on Chip(SoC)sensors,a Hybrid Prediction Model(HPM),and it is being used in Big Data Processing(BDP).The Cloud Server(CS)processes the data and does the data analytics by comparing it with the historical data already stored in the ***-Structural Query Language Mongo Data Base(MDB)is used to store Sensor Data(SD)from the *** proposed HPM combines the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)-algorithm for Outlier Detection(OD)and the Random Forest(RF)classification algorithm for removing the outlier SD and providing Fault Detection(FD)when the PD isn’t *** suggested work is assessed and tested under various fault circumstances that happened in *** simulation outcome proves that the proposed model is effective in monitoring the smooth functioning of the ***,the suggested HPM has a higher Fault Prediction(FP)*** means that faults can be found earlier,early warning signals can be sent,and the power supply can be turned off quickly to ensure electrical safety.A powerful RTM and event warning system can also be built into the system before faults happen.

关键词： System-on-chip cloud server apache kafka apache strom NoSQL MongoDB

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Intelligence COVID-19 Monitoring Framework Based on Deep Learning and Smart Wearable IoT Sensors

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 583-599页

作者： Fadhil Mukhlif Norafida Ithnin roobaea alroobaea Sultan Algarni Wael Y.Alghamdi Ibrahim Hashem Information Assurance and Security Research Group(IASRG) Faculty of ComputingUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)Johor BahruJohor81310Malaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia College of Computing and Informatics Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates

The World Health Organization(WHO)refers to the 2019 new coronavirus epidemic as COVID-19,and it has caused an unprecedented global crisis for several *** every country around the globe is now very concerned about the effects of the COVID-19 outbreaks,which were previously only experienced by Chinese *** of these nations are now under a partial or complete state of lockdown due to the lack of resources needed to combat the COVID-19 epidemic and the concern about overstretched healthcare *** time the pandemic surprises them by providing new values for various parameters,all the connected research groups strive to understand the behavior of the pandemic to determine when it will *** prediction models in this research were created using deep neural networks and Decision Trees(DT).DT employs the support vector machine method,which predicts the transition from an initial dataset to actual figures using a function trained on a *** short-term memory networks(LSTMs)are a special sort of recurrent neural network(RNN)that can pick up on long-term *** an added bonus,it is helpful when the neural network can both recall current events and recall past events,resulting in an accurate prediction for *** provided a solid foundation for intelligent healthcare by devising an intelligence COVID-19 monitoring *** developed a data analysis methodology,including data preparation and dataset *** examine two popular algorithms,LSTM and Decision tree on the official ***,we have analysed the effectiveness of deep learning and machine learning methods to predict the scale of the *** issues and challenges are discussed for future *** is expected that the results these methods provide for the Health Scenario would be reliable and credible.

关键词： Healthcare framework AI COVID-19 machine&deep learning LSTM RNN decision tree

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Optimized Resource Allocation for IoT-D2D Communication Using WSN

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1789-1804页

作者： S.Arun Mozhi Selvi roobaea alroobaea Saeed Rubaiee Abdulkader S.Hanbazazah Department of Computer Science and Engineering Holy Cross Engineering CollegeVagaikulam628851Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Sceience College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21974Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21959Saudi Arabia

The need for a strong system to access radio resources demands a change in operating frequency in wireless networks as a part of Radio Resource Management(RRM).In the fifth-generation(5G)wireless networks,the capacity of the system is expected to be enhanced by Device-to-Device(D2D)*** cooperation and Resources Allocation(RA)in the development of Internet of Things(IoT)enabled 5G wireless networks are investigated in this *** radio RA methods for D2D communication while not affecting any Mobile Users’(MU)communication is the main challenge of this *** performance goals such as practising equality in the rates of user data,increasing Network Throughput(NT),and reducing End-to-End Delay(EED)are achieved by *** study undertaken on optimising performance for various wireless networks is focused on in this research *** a polynomialtime Proportional Fair Resource Allocation Method(PFRAM),which considers the MU’s rate requirements,is the prime objective of this *** Resource Allocation Method(RAM)can be used by the proposed method for MU,and the time and differing location channel conditions are the factors to be adapted *** more than one resource block is allowed by our PFRAM to a D2D *** automatic maintenance of battery-less IoT wireless devices’energy level is done potentially using an Extensible Energy Management System(EEMS).Finally,the device’s Node Transmission Power(NTP)can be managed using an Energy-Saving Algorithm(ESA)designed in this work for Node Uplink Data Transmission(NUDT).The trade-off between the Packet Loss Rate(PLR)and NTP is balanced by the *** cost of NUDT’s average Energy Consumption(EC)is reduced by locating the optical *** order to free much bandwidth for wireless information,NUDT conserves the harvested energy for minimising Radio Frequency(RF)Energy Transmission(ET).MATLAB simulations are used to assess the proposed *** IoT device’s NTP is managed using

关键词： IoT energy transmission WSN mobility resource allocation

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