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Degradation Rate Assessment of.Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第8期15卷 245-252页

作者： Bianmei Cao Limei Cao David f. Kallmes Department of.Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA National Institutes f.r f.od and Drug Control Beijing China

Biodegradable magnesium alloys have been widely used in medical implants. But saf.ty concerns were put f.rward f.r the high degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloy. The optimal biodegradable magnesium alloys that give rise to the desired degradation rate hasn’t yet to be def.ned. Assessing the degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys involves in vitro testing, in vivo testing, numerical modeling, understanding the f.ctors inf.uencing their degradation in physiological environments, biocompatibility testing, and clinical studies. It is important to standardize analytical tools aimed at assessing the degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys. It is advisable to identif. the threshold f.r saf. degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys in biomedical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Alloys Biomedical Application Biodegradation Degradation Rate Biocompatibility

Buechel Pappas Resurf.cing Shoulder Replacement: Evolution and over 40 Years of.Clinical Experience

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Open Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 218-228页

作者： f.ederick f. Buechel Michael J. Pappas Rutgers NJ Medical School Newark NJ USA South Mountain Orthopaedic Associates South Orange NJ USA New Jersey Institute of.Technology Newark NJ USA

Background: Early exploration of.the semi constrained “f.oating-Socket” total shoulder replacement (TSR) in 1974 led to a prolif.ration of.various unconstrained designs that allowed resection or retention of.the humeral head, depending upon the pathological process involved. Degenerative glenohumeral arthritis with mild to moderate involvement of.subchondral bone allowed f.r a resurf.cing option, while severe humeral head involvement required a partial or f.ll humeral head replacement attached to an intramedullary stem f.r f.xation. All components evolved f.om cemented to cementless application by 1982. The purpose of.this paper is to describe the progression of.Buechel-Pappas (B-P) shoulder replacement development f.om the early 1970’s in both cemented and cement less applications. Methods: Clinical evaluations of.“f.oating-Socket” TSR, f.llowed by B-P stem-type, resurf.cing types, bipolar-type and revision components, all of.which comprise the B-P Shoulder Replacement System, were perf.rmed over a 49-year period. Results: “f.oating-Socket” implants improved the results of.simple, constrained ball-in-socket designs, but generally f.iled by glenoid component loosening in both chimpanzee and human applications. Unconstrained resurf.cing-type components, both anatomical humeral head and f.ll proximal humeral components, were quite successf.l, with minimal f.ilures observed in long-term studies. Bipolar salvage implants, used f.r severe proximal def.ciencies, revisions and massive rotator cuf. arthropathy, were also very successf.l;providing overhead range of.motion in many patients. Conclusions: Resurf.cing hemiarthroplasty, in patients with intact or repairable rotator cuf. mechanisms, gave the most satisf.ctory results and were the least technically complicated to perf.rm, requiring minimal instrumentation. Resurf.cing of.0}ll proximal humeral def.ciencies, using f.moral resurf.cing components, gave similar clinical results to more complex semi-constrained devices,

关键词： Total Shoulder Replacement Resurf.cing Shoulder Replacement

miniSCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph f.r volumetric dose reconstruction of.single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther f.-E.Brack f.Kroll J.Pawelke J.D.Schilz M.Schneider U.Schramm M.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil T.Ziegler J.Metzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center f.r Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current af.iliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current af.iliation:Universitätsklinikum f.eiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of.intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus of.ering new experimental capabilities to research f.elds such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow f.r tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specif.c sample *** rising number of.such experiments indicates a need f.r diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of.dose distributions with volumes of.approximately 1 cm^(3) f.r single proton bunches to allow f.r f.st online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector f.r online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of.dose distributions in volumes of.up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of.100 *** detector perf.rmance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary f.cus is the characterization of.the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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f.ontiers of.Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of.Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of.Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving f.om data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—f.om inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of.concerns by providing substantiation f.r the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity f.amework,and provides the f.undation f.r a paradigmatic shif. toward normalizing the use of.equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of.environmental data science and ML is just beginning f.om an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant f.ture directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningf.l tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing f.irness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately af.ect the well-being of.us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

Evidence f.r the Reliability and Validity of.the Arabic Version of.the Student Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

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Journal of.Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 32-45页

作者： Sumayah A. Alrubayie Keetam D. f. Alkahtani Department of.Special Education College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School-based universal screening f.r behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary f.rst step to providing services in an educational setting f.r students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of.the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of.the student risk screening scale f.r internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of.the current sample supported the retention of.all items. The internal consistency of.the SRSS items ranged f.om 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and dif.iculties questionnaire (SDQ), was f.und f.r the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of.this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a usef.l and f.nctional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument f.r assessing the level of.emotional and behavioral dif.iculties among elementary students.

关键词： The Student Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE) Strength and Dif.iculties Questionnaire (SDQ) Emotional and Behavioral Dif.iculties Screening Tools Systematic Screening

Stroke Patients’ Reintegration into Normal Living Post-Discharge f.om Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Integrative Review

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Open Journal of.Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第3期12卷 274-300页

作者： Eric f. Tanlaka Omotunmise Agbeyangi Adam Mulcaster Edward Cruz f.culty of.Nursing University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada Leddy Library University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada

Background: Stroke rehabilitation prof.ssionals have historically f.cused rehabilitation on physical f.nctions and overlooked the concept of.community reintegration af.er discharge f.om inpatient rehabilitation. The lack of.0}cus on psychosocial f.nctions post-stroke may lead to lower levels of.satisf.ction during community reintegration. Methods: This integrative review synthesized f.ndings f.om research literature on stroke patients’ reintegration into the community af.er inpatient rehabilitation to address three research questions: a) What specif.c physical and psychosocial f.nctions have been identif.ed as predictors of.successf.l reintegration into normal living af.er stroke?, b) How do physical and psychosocial f.nctions promote successf.l reintegration into normal living af.er stroke?, and c) What f.ctors have been identif.ed that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration into normal living af.er stroke? Results: A systematic search of.literature identif.ed sixteen studies that provided signif.cant context f.r the research questions. What physical and psychosocial f.nctions of.stroke patients included, f.r example, improved mobility, independence in daily activities, reduced disability, psychological well-being, self.ef.icacy, social support, and personal relationships. How physical and psychosocial f.nctions promote reintegration included, f.r example, disability management, emotional well-being, self.care independence, sense of.purpose, and employment inf.uence. f.ctors that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration consisted of.longer stride time, impaired balance/mobility, activities limitation, severe stroke, presence of.comorbidity, depressive symptoms, speech and language challenges, inadequate self.ef.icacy, f.ar of.0}lling, older age, low educational level, lack of.social support, and social isolation. Conclusion: Successf.l community reintegration af.er stroke requires a shif. of.0}cus f.om rehabilitation interventions that target physical f.nctions to incl

关键词： Stroke Outpatient Rehabilitation Community Reintegration Normal Living f.nctional Abilities

Premature axon-oligodendrocyte interaction contributes to stalling of.experimental axon regeneration af.er injury to the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 469-470页

作者： Ephraim f.Trakhtenberg Department of.Neuroscience University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA

Studies f.om nearly 3 decades ago suggested that,in the central nervous system(CNS),myelination of.axons by oligodendrocytes not only helps improve axonal conductivity but also stabilizes circuitry(Colello and Schwab,1994).Over the years,myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes have been f.und to contain multiple molecules that are inhibitory to axonal growth(e.g.,MAG,NogoA,OMgp,Semaphorins)(Yiu and He,2006;Silver et al.,2014).Af.er white matter injury in the adult CNS,myelin debris f.om damaged axons and dead oligodendrocytes accumulates in the f.rming glial scar and exposes these myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules to the injured axonal stumps,thereby contributing to the inhibition of.axonal *** development,CNS axons reach their postsynaptic targets and stop growing bef.re oligodendrocytes appear and myelinate them(f.ran and Peterson,1992;Dangata et al.,1996).Theref.re,myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules interacting with already grown axons during myelination were thought to block axons f.om promiscuous sprouting and miswiring,thereby stabilizing neural circuitry in the CNS(Colello and Schwab,1994).

关键词： thereby white injury

An unexpected cellular f.untain of.youth:platelets provide f.ctors rejuvenating brain f.nctions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 16-18页

作者： Harald f.Langer Department of.Cardiology AngiologyHaemostaseology and Medical Intensive CareUniversity Medical Centre MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany German Centre f.r Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimMannheimGermany European Center f.r Angioscience Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Cardiovascular systems biology Medical Clinic IUniversity Heart Center LübeckLübeckGermany

In a recent manuscript published in Nature,Schroer et *** that platelets and in particular platelet derived Pf.4(CXCL4)are a novel f.ctor,which can rejuvenate the mammalian neuronal system.1 These f.ndings have the potential to trigger an entire new f.eld of.research opening new platelet-derived candidate ef.ector molecules f.r supporting regeneration.

关键词： supporting platelets f.nding

The viscous strip approach to simplif. the calculation of.the surf.ce acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： f.JAZINI DORCHEH M.GHASSEMI f.el Cells and Nano Systems(f.NS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of.surf.ce acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microf.uidics,has been proven in various medical and biological *** numerical modeling of.acoustic streaming caused by surf.ce acoustic waves in microchannels requires the ef.ect of.viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the *** this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of.viscosity and the horizontal component of.actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation *** the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load *** particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts f.om the completely viscous *** is also shown that the optimum thickness f.r the viscous strip is about 9-f.ld the acoustic boundary layer thickness f.r various f.ow patterns and amplitudes of.actuation.

关键词： surf.ce acoustic wave microf.uidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming