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Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs):molecular mechanisms of induction and applications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2065-2090页

作者： Jonas Cerneckis Hongxia cai Yanhong Shi Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Irell&Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA

The induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative *** have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion,are amenable to genetic engineering,and can be differentiated into most somatic cell *** have been widely applied to model human development and diseases,perform drug screening,and develop cell *** this review,we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic *** begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of *** consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce ***,we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models,from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids,and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and *** use examples of neurological disorders,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived *** also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity ***,we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.

关键词： mechanisms programming holds

Circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy: Current diagnostic limitation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2175-2178页

作者： Shi-cai Liu School of Medical Information Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002Anhui ProvinceChina

With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great potential to become an important part of precision *** is the total amount of free DNA in the systemic circulation,including DNA fragments derived from tumor cells and all other somatic *** cells release fragments of DNA into the bloodstream,and this source of cfDNA is called circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA).cfDNA detection has become a major focus in the field of tumor research in recent years,which provides a new opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of *** this paper,we discuss the limitations of the study on the origin and dynamics analysis of ctDNA,and how to solve these problems in the *** the future faces major challenges,it also con-tains great potential.

关键词： Cell-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA Liquid biopsy Cancer Diagnosis Prognosis

Superhydrophobic magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4) polyurethane sponges for oil-water separation and oil-spill recovery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 160-169页

作者： Shiyu Wu Yunjie Xiang Yaqi cai Jingfu Liu Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The effective and affordable separation of oil and water,a crucial process in the safe han dling of environmental disasters such as crude oil spills and recovery of valuable resources is a highly sought-after yet challenging ***,superhydrophobic PU sponge was fab ricated for the fast and cost-effective adsorptive separation of oil and different organic sol vents from ***(OTS)-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)core-shell mi crospheres were dip-coated on the surface of porous materials via a dip-coating process thereby endowing them with *** to the hydrophobic interaction between OTS molecules and oil and increased capillary force in the micropores,the result ing superhydrophobic sponge served as a selective oil-sorbent scaffold for absorbing oil from oil-water mixtures,including oil-water suspensions and ***,after the recovery of the adsorbed oil via mechanical extrusion,these superhydrophobic materials could be reused multiple times and maintain their oil-water separation efficacy even afte 10 oil-water separation cycles.

关键词： Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-OTS polyurethane sponge Oil-water separation Adsorption capacity Oil-spill recovery

Study on the evolution of solid–liquid–gas in multi-scale pore methane in tectonic coal

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 122-131页

作者： Junjie cai Xijian Li Hao Sui Honggao Xie College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Mining College Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

The rich accumulation of methane(CH_(4))in tectonic coal layers poses a significant obstacle to the safe and efficient extraction of coal seams and coalbed *** coal samples from three geologically complex regions were selected,and the main results obtained by using a variety of research tools,such as physical tests,theoretical analyses,and numerical simulations,are as follows:22.4–62.5 nm is the joint segment of pore volume,and 26.7–100.7 nm is the joint segment of pore specific surface *** the dynamic gas production process of tectonic coal pore structure,the adsorption method of methane molecules is“solid–liquid adsorption is the mainstay,and solid–gas adsorption coexists”.Methane stored in micropores with a pore size smaller than the jointed range is defined as solid-state *** within the jointed range,which transition from micropore filling to surface adsorption,are defined as gaseous *** outside the jointed range,where solid–liquid adsorption occurs,are defined as liquid *** evolution of pore structure affects the methane adsorption mode,which provides basic theoretical guidance for the development of coal seam resources.

关键词： Tectonic coal Multiscale pore structure Methane adsorption Micropore filling Monolayer Molecular simulation

Gear walk instability caused by brake-disc friction characteristics

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 343-359页

作者： Xiaoqiong DU Bin LI Wen cai Linyin LUO School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109USA AVIC general Huanan Aircraft Industry Co.Ltd. Zhuhai 519040China

A multi-body dynamic rigid-flexible coupling model of landing gear is established to study the gear walk instability caused by the friction characteristics of the brake *** validating the model with the experimental results,the influence of the landing gear structure and braking system parameters on gear walk is further *** the above factors,the slope of the graph for the friction coefficient of the brake disc and the relative velocity of brake stators and rotors is the most influential factor on gear walk *** trajectory analysis verifies that gear walk occurs when the coupling of multiple factors causes the system to exhibit an equivalent negative damping *** consider a more realistic braking case,a back propagation neural network method is employed to describe the nonlinear behavior of the friction coefficient of the brake *** the realistic nonlinear model of the friction coefficient,the maximum error in predicting the braking torque is less than 10%and the effect of the brake disc temperature on gear walk is *** results reveal that a more negative friction slope may contribute to a more severe unstable gear walk,and reducing the braking pressure is an effective approach to avoid gear walk,which provides help for future braking system design.

关键词： Gear walk Friction characteristics of brake disc Brake-induced vibration Negative damping Rigid-flexible coupling Negative slope of braking torque

Impact of COVID-19 on the energy consumption of commercial buildings:A case study in Singapore

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 364-373页

作者： Senhong cai Zhonghua Gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Numerous studies have demonstrated that commercial activities have significantly reduced during COVID-19,while there are few studies disclosing the consequent impacts on the energy consumption of commercial *** study explores the changes in energy consumption of different types of commercial buildings in Sin-gapore under the impact of the pandemic,using commercial building energy performance data from 2017 to 2020(n=540).The sampled buildings include 93 hotel buildings,303 office buildings,106 retail buildings,and 38 mixed *** analysis mainly used linear regression and paired sample *** results showed that relative to 2019,the mean energy use intensity(EUI)of sampled commercial buildings decreased by 56.77 kWh/m^(2)in the pandemic year(2020),a plunge of 19.9%.The extent to which the EUI of each type of commercial building is affected by the pandemic is found as:mixed development>retail>office>*** study also identi-fied the factors that significantly influenced the EUI of commercial buildings before and during the *** results of the study complement existing knowledge about the factors influencing energy consumption in com-mercial buildings by considering the impact of the pandemic and furthermore contribute to the improvement of energy management in commercial buildings by providing directions for building energy efficiency approaches.

关键词： Commercial buildings Energy consumption Energy use intensity Impact of COVID-19 Influential factors

Bioinspired nanotransducers for neuromodulation

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 618-632页

作者： Fan Yang Xiang Wu Sa cai Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China

The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and *** convergence of these fields has resulted in the development of nanotransducers,devices that harness the synergies of these diverse *** nanotransducers,essential for neuromodulation,often draw inspiration from energy conversion processes found in nature for their unique *** this review,we will delve into the latest advancements in wireless neuromodulation facilitated by optical,magnetic,and mechanical *** will examine their working principles,properties,advantages,and limitations in comparison to current methods for deep brain neuromodulation,highlighting the impact of natural systems on their design and ***,we will underscore potential future directions,emphasizing how continued progress in materials science,neuroscience,and bioengineering might expand the horizons of what is achievable with nanotransducer-enabled neuromodulation.

关键词： bioinspired synthesis neuromodulation mechanoluminescence focused ultrasound nanotransducers sono-optogenetics

Effect of Fluoride on the Ion-association of Calcium Phosphate and Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 831-838页

作者：宋昊月 cai Meng 袁萍邹朝勇 School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Using a titration setup to accurately control the reaction conditions and in situ monitor the reaction,we showed that fluoride exhibited negligible effects on the ion association process of calcium and phosphate and the formation of ACP nanospheres in a buffer solution with constant ionic ***,the stability of ACP increased with increasing fluoride concentration,which was ascribed to the inhibitory effect of fluoride on the aggregation of ACP nanospheres and the nucleation of nanocrystals on the surface of ACP ***,fluoride could inhibit the lateral growth of HAP nanosheets and promote the formation of rod-like *** results further improve our understanding of the crystallization pathway of HAP crystals and the regulatory effects of fluoride.

关键词： crystallization amorphous calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite fluoride

N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective(dynamic) kinetic resolutions and desymmetrizations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 482-511页

作者： Yi Zhang Hui cai Xiuhai Gan Zhichao Jin National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityHuaxi DistrictGuiyang550025China

N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective kinetic resolutions,dynamic kinetic resolutions,and desymmetrization reactions are systematically *** content is organized according to the activation modes involved i... 详细信息

关键词： N-heterocyclic carbene kinetic resolution dynamic kinetic resolution desymmetrization organocatalysis