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Impact of volcanism on the formation and hydrocarbon generation of organic-rich shale in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1539-1551页

作者： Jia-Hong Gao Xin-Ping liang Zhi-Jun Jin Quan-You liu chang-rong li Xiao-Wei Huang Ju-Ye Shi Peng li State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Institute of EnergyPeking University Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing100871 China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing100083 China

Globally,most organic-rich shales are deposited with volcanic ash *** ash,a source for many sedimentary basins,can affect the sedimentary water environment,alter the primary productivity,and preserve the organic matter(OM)through physical,chemical,and biological *** an increasing number of breakthroughs in shale oil exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin in recent years,less attention has been paid to the crucial role of volcanic impact especially its influence on the OM enrichment and hydrocarbon ***,we studied the petrology,mineralogy,and geochemical characteristics of the organic-rich shale in the upper submember of the fourth member(Es_(4)^(1))and the lower submember of the third member(Es_(3)^(3))of the Shahejie Formation,aiming to better understand the volcanic impact on organic-rich shale *** results show that total organic carbon is higher in the upper shale intervals rich in volcanic ash with enriched light rare earth elements and moderate Eu *** indicates that volcanism promoted OM formation before or after the *** positive correlation between Eu/Eu*and Post-Archean Australian Shale indicates hydrothermal activity before the volcanic *** plane graph of the hydrocarbon-generating intensity(S1+S2)suggests that the heat released by volcanism promoted hydrocarbon ***,the nutrients carried by volcanic ash promoted biological blooms during Es_(4)^(1 )and Es_(3)^(3) deposition,yielding a high primary *** blooms consume large amounts of oxygen and form anoxic environments conducive to the burial and preservation of ***,this study helps to further understand the organic-inorganic interactions caused by typical geological events and provides a guide for the next step of shale oil exploration and development in other lacustrine basins in China.

关键词： Volcanic ash Hydrocarbon generation Organic-rich shale Shahejie Formation Jiyang Depression

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Kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite in V?N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第4期23卷 417-424页

作者： Jing Zhang Fu-ming Wang chang-rong li School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

To systematically investigate the kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite（IGF）, isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 450℃to 600℃ with holding for 30 s to 300 s, analysis of the corresponding microstructures, and observation of the precipitated particles were conducted in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel. The potency of V（C,N） for IGF nucleation was also analyzed statistically. The results show that the dominant microstructure transforms from bainite（B） and acicular ferrite（AF） to grain boundary ferrite（GBF）, intragranular polygonal ferrite（IPF）, and pearlite（P） as the isothermal temperature increases from 450℃ to 600℃. When the holding time at 600℃ is extended from 30 s to 60 s, 120 s, and 300 s, the GBF content ranges from 6.0vol% to 6.5vol% and the IPF content increases from 0.5vol% to 2.8vol%, 13.1vol%, and 13.5vol%, respectively, because the ferrite transformation preferentially occurs at the grain boundaries and then occurs at the austenite grains. Notably, V（C,N） particles are the most effective nucleation site for the formation of IPF, accounting for 51% of the said formation.

关键词： high strength steel ferrite kinetics formation mechanisms nucleation microalloying

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Thermodynamic analysis of the compositional control of inclusions in cutting-wire steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第7期21卷 647-653页

Data from a thermodynamic database and the calculation software FactSage were used to investigate the phase diagrams of the MnO？CaO？SiO2？Al2O3 system in cutting-wire steel and the effects of oxide components on the low-melting-point （LMP） zone in the cor-responding phase diagrams. Furthermore, the activities of oxide components in the quaternary system at an Al2O3 content of 25wt%were calculated. The contents of dissolved [Al] and [O] in liquid steel in equilibrium with LMP inclusions in the MnO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system were optimized. The results show that the MnO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system possesses the largest LMP zone （below 1400℃） at an Al2O3 content of 25wt%and that the CaO content should be simultaneously controlled in the range of 40wt%to 45wt%. The activities of the oxide components CaO, MnO, and SiO2 should be restricted in the ranges of 0 to 0.05, 0.01 to 0.6, and 0.001 to 0.8, respectively. To obtain LMP inclusions, the [Al] and [O] contents in cutting-wire steel must be controlled within the ranges of 0.5 ×10^-6 to 1.0 ×10^-5 and 3.0 ×10^-6 to 5.0 × 10^-5, respectively.

关键词： wire steel curing inclusions thermodynamic calculations activity oxides

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Effect of Nb and V on the continuous cooling transformation of undercooled austenite in Cr–Mo–V steel for brake discs

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第8期25卷 892-901页

作者： Dan Wu Fu-ming Wang Jin Cheng chang-rong li School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

The increasing speed of trains necessitates the development of brake-disc materials that meet more stringent ***,Nb and V have been added to Cr–Mo–V steel to improve its thermal fatigue performance when used in brake *** this paper,the influences of Nb and V on the static continuous cooling transformation(CCT)behaviors of undercooled austenite were *** microstructures,hardness,and dislocation densities at different cooling rates and with the addition of different alloying elements were also *** results show that the transformation products of ferrite,granular bainite,lower bainite,and martensite form under different cooling *** increasing Nb and V contents,the CCT curves are shifted to the left,ferrite and bainite transformations are promoted,and the critical cooling rate of total martensite formation is *** added V mainly forms V-rich M_8C_7 precipitates and reduces the dissolved C content;therefore,the A_(c1),A_(c3),and M_s-point temperatures ***,the stability of retained austenite is also reduced;its content therefore *** with V,the effect of added Nb is weaker because of its smaller ***,the addition of Nb improves the hardness at lower cooling rates because of the precipitation of fine Nb C particles and refining of the microstructure.

关键词： brake-disc steel niobium vanadium microstructure continuous cooling transformation

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Possible influence of sulfur content on magnetic aging behaviors of non-oriented electrical steels

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2013年第4期7卷 413-416页

作者： Wei-Min MAO Ping YANG chang-rong li Department of Materials State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Six non-oriented steel sheets of similar grade produced by different steel companies were used to analyze the magnetic aging behaviors after aging at 200~C for 48 h. It was observed that tiny S atoms, besides C and N, could also induce certain increase of core loss during aging. Thermodynamic calculation indicated that the nucleation driving force of FeS is much higher than those of Fe3C and Fe4N at low temperature, while S atoms, which tend to segregated around dislocations and boundaries, would diffuse rapidly along the crystalline defects while FeS particles would form. Therefore, higher content of tiny S atoms could increase core loss during service time of non-oriented steel sheets.

关键词： non-oriented electrical steel sulfur diffusion magnetic aging core loss

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As-cast microstructures and solidification paths of the Nb–Si–Ti ternary alloys in Nb_5Si_3–Ti_5Si_3region

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Rare Metals 2013年第5期32卷 502-511页

作者： Yan li chang-rong li Zhen-Min Du Cui-Ping Guo Xin-Qing Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Abstract The as-cast microstructures and solidification paths of the Nb-Si-Ti ternary alloys in the NbsSi3-TisSi3 region were investigated. Since there exist some isomor- phous compounds in the NbsSi3-TisSi3 region, such as aNbsSi3 with B3Cr5 prototype, 13NbsSi3 with Si3W5 pro- totype, 7NbsSi3 with MnsSi3 prototype, and TisSi3 with MnsSi3 prototype, the primary solidification areas of these compounds were not typically indentified in previous experiments. In the present paper, the microstructure observation, the phase identification, and the composition measurement were performed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, respectively. No ternary compound is found. There exist three primary solidification areas, 13Nbs_x（Ti）xSi3, ~Nbs_x（Ti）xSi3, and Tis-x（Nb）xSi3 in the NbsSi3-TisSi3 region. Together with the literaturereported experimental data and optimization results, the liquidus projection of the whole Nb-Si-Ti ternary system is constructed, and totally ten primary solidification areas-- diamond-Si, Nb1-x（Ti）xSi2, Ti1-x（Nb）xSi2, Ti1-x（Nb）xSi, Ti5-x（Nb）xSi4, βNb5-x（Ti）xSi3,αNb5-x（Ti）xSi3, Ti5-x （Nb）xSi3, （Nb,Ti）3Si, and BCC--and nine transitional invariant reactions-L ＋ Nb1-x（Ti）xSi2 → Ti1-x（Nb）x Si2 ＋ Si, L ＋ Nb1-x（Ti）xSi2 → Ti1-x（Nb）xSi2 ＋ Ti5- （Nb）xSi4, L ＋ Ti5-x（Nb）xSi4 → Ti1-x（Nb）xSi2 ＋ Ti1-x （Nb）xSi, L ＋ 13Nb5-x（Ti）5Si3→ Nb1-x（Ti）xSi2 ＋ Ti5-x （Nb）xSi4, L ＋ βNb5-x（Ti）xSi3→b5-x（Ti）xSi3 ＋Ti5-x （Nb）xSi4, L ＋ αNb5-x（Ti）αSi3 → Ti5-x（Nb）xSi3 ＋ Ti5-x（Nb）x Si4, L ＋ αNb5-x（Ti）xSi3 →βNb5-x（Ti）xSi3 ＋ Ti5-x（Nb）xSi3, L ＋ βNb5-xTb-xSi3 → Ti5-x（Nb）xSi3 ＋（Nb,Ti）3Si, and L ＋（Nb,Ti）3Si → Ti5-x（Nb）xSi3 ＋ BCC are confirmed.

关键词： Nb-Si-Ti ternary system liquidus projection Microstructure Solidification path

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Investigation of the stable and the metastable liquidus miscibility gaps in Fe–Sn and Fe–Cu binary systems

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第11期26卷 1427-1435页

作者： Jiang-tao Gao chang-rong li Cui-ping Guo Zhen-min Du School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Two kinds of experimental methods were tried in the present work:(i)the powder metallurgy method combined with differential thermal analysis(DTA)to determine the metastable liquidus miscibility gap for a Fe–Cu binary system and(ii)the high-temperature melting method combined with isothermal treatment to determine the stable liquidus miscibility gap for a Fe–Sn binary *** experimental method was adopted according to the characteristics of the liquidus miscibility gap of the specific *** the powder metallurgy method,a uniform microstructure morphology and chemical composition was obtained in the DTA specimen,and the phase-separation temperature of the supercooled metastable liquid was *** isothermal treatment was applied for the samples inside the stable liquidus miscibility gap;here,equilibrated compositions were reached,and a layered morphology was formed after rapid *** liquid miscibility gaps of the Fe–Cu and Fe–Sn binary systems were measured,and the peak temperatures of the corresponding miscibility gaps were determined to be about 1417°C at x(Cu)=0.465 at%and 1350°C at x(Sn)=0.487 at%,*** the basis of the experimental results,both the Fe–Cu and the Fe–Sn binary systems were thermodynamically assessed.

关键词： binary systems miscibility gap differential thermal analysis(DTA) metastable state

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Effect of yttrium treatment on alumina inclusions in high carbon steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第4期29卷 655-664页

作者： Yi Wang chang-rong li lin-zhu Wang Xing-qiang Xiong Lu Chen School of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Guizhou Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Engineering and Process Energy Conservation Guiyang 550025GuizhouChina

Aluminum oxide inclusions in SWRS82B steel seriously affect the drawing performance of steel *** effects of different addition amounts of yttrium(within the range of 0%–0.026%)on the composition,morphology,size and spacing of aluminum oxide inclusions were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum *** on classical thermodynamics and FactSage software,the predominance diagram of inclusions in Fe–O–S–Y system and the effect of the addition of rare earth yttrium on the stability of alumina inclusions were *** results showed that molten steel was modified by adding the rare earth element *** can be inferred that the approximate route of target inclusion modification was:Al_(2)O_(3)→Y_(2)S_(3)+YAlO_(3)+Al_(2)O_(3)→Y_(2)S_(3)+YAlO_(3)+Y_(2)O_(2)S+YAlO_(3)+Al_(2)O_(3)→Y_(2)S_(3)+Y_(2)O_(2)*** experimental samples with 0.026%added yttrium had the best inclusion characteristics,in which the inclusion surface density distribution was uniform,and the interfacial distance between inclusions was mainly in the range of 100–500μ*** modification,the average inclusion size in molten steel was reduced by 6.9–8.6μ*** mechanism of yttrium modification was discussed based on actual calculation results and experimental results.

关键词： Yttrium treatment Modification of aluminum inclusions Inclusion evolution Thermodynamics

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Phase stability of Fe_(23)Zr_(6)and thermodynamic reassessment of Fe-Zr system

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第11期28卷 1375-1389页

作者： Ze-ting Du Lei Zou Cui-ping Guo Xue-ping Ren chang-rong li Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Xi’an 710016ShaanxiChina

The stability of the Fe_(23)Zr_(6)phase in Fe–Zr system was studied,and the partial Fe–Zr phase diagram was revised by means of X-ray diffraction,electron probe microanalysis and differential thermal analysis *** the basis of the experimental results in the present work and literature,the Fe–Zr system was reassessed using CALculation of PHAse Diagram(CALPHAD)*** phases,liquid,fcc,bcc and hcp,are modeled as the substitutional *** intermetallic compounds,hex.-Fe_(2)Zr,Fe_(2)Zr,FeZr_(2)and FeZr3 phases,are treated as Fe_(2)(Fe,Zr)1,(Fe,Zr)2(Fe,Zr)1,(Fe,Zr)1Zr_(2)and(Fe,Zr)1(Fe,Zr)3 by a two-sublattice model,*** Fe_(23)Zr_(6)phase is treated as stoichiometric compound.A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Fe–Zr system was *** results confirm the stability of Fe_(23)Zr_(6)phase,improve the phase diagram of the Fe–Zr system and provide a theoretical reference for the development of Zr alloys.

关键词： Fe_(23)Zr_(6) Fe–Zr system Thermodynamic parameter CALPHAD method

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Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge-La binary system

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第8期19卷 689-698页

作者： Miao liu chang-rong li Zhen-min Du Cui-ping Guo Chun-ju Niu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China The 3rd Department Institute of Chemical Defense of PLA Beijing 102205 China

The Ge-La binary system was critically assessed by means of the calculation of phase diagram （CALPHAD） technique. The asso- ciate model was used for the liquid phase containing the constituent species Ge, La, Ge3La5, and Ge1.7La. The terminal solid solution diamond-（Ge） with a small solubility of La was described using the substitutional model, in which the excess Gibbs energy was formulated with the Redlich-Kister equation. The compounds with homogeneity ranges, μ（Gel.7La）, β（Ge1.7La）, and （GeLa）, were modeled using two sublatrices asα（Ge,La）l.7La, β（Ge,La）l.7La, and （Ge,La）（Ge,La）, respectively. The intermediate phases with no solubility ranges, Ge4Las, GeaLa4, Ge3Las, and GeLa3, were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The three allotropic modifications of La, dhcp-La, fcc-La, and bcc-La, were kept as pure element phases since no solubility of Ge in La was reported. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Ge-La binary system was obtained. The calculation results agree well with the available experimental data from literatures.

关键词： hydrogen storage alloys binary systems germanium lanthanum thermodynamics modeling phase diagrams

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