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Role of Turbulent Heat Fluxes over Land in the Monsoon over East Asia

International Journal of Geosciences 2011年第4期2卷 420-431页

作者： Eungul Lee Carol C. Barford Christopher J. Kucharik Benjamin s. Felzer Jonathan A. foley 不详

Atmospheric heat and moisture over land are fundamental drivers of monsoon circulations. However, these drivers are less frequently considered in explaining the development and overall intensity of monsoons than heat and moisture over the ocean. In this study, the roles of turbulent heat fluxes over land in the monsoon system over East Asia are examined using Climatic Research Unit observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis, and they are further explored using simulated sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes from an ecosystem model (Predicting Ecosystem Goods and services Using scenarios or PEGAsUs). Changes in the H fluxes over the land during the pre-monsoon season (March-May: MAM) affect the differential heating between land and ocean, which in turn controls monsoon development. In July, an intensified contrast of the mean sea level pressure between land and ocean is observed during the years of stronger land-sea H contrast in MAM, which results in enhanced onshore flows and more rainfall over southern East Asia. After monsoon onset, the contrast of H is influenced by monsoon rainfall through the cooling effect of precipitation on surface air temperature. During the monsoon season (June-september: JJAs), LE fluxes are more important than H fluxes, since LE fluxes over land and ocean affect overall monsoon intensity through changes in the land-sea contrast of turbulent heat fluxes. significantly increased monsoon rainfall over western East Asia is observed during the years of larger LE over the land in JJAs. In ecosystem modeling, we find that the monsoon can be weakened as potential (natural) vegetation is converted to bare ground or irrigated cropland. simulated H fluxes in MAM and LE fluxes in JJAs over the land significantly decrease in irrigated crop and bare ground scenarios, respectively, which play crucial roles in controlling monsoon development and overall intensity.

关键词： Heat Fluxes Monsoons Land Cover/Land Use Changes Ecosystem Modeling East Asia

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Food supply and the obesity scourge: Is there a relationship?

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1457-1463页

作者： Lillian Mwanri Wendy foley John Coveney Robert Muller Fiona Verity Paul R. Ward Patricia Carter Philip Mohr Anne Taylor Department of social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Discipline of Public Health Flinders University Adelaide Australia Health Promotion Branch SA Health Adelaide Australia Inala Indigenous Health service Queensland Health Inala Australia Population Research and Outcome studies Unit SA Health Adelaide Australia school of Psychology University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

This paper reviews literature on the relationship between food supply and obesity. The focus is on the supply, cost, and variety of food through various types of food outlets and the impact of these factors on obesity in developed countries. The article reveals complex relationships between food supply factors and obesity. A numer of factors related to lifestyles including the mobility of populations and the use of motor vehicles greatly reduce the impact of the local environment on family and individual eating patterns. However, obesity is also affected by factors such as the type and density of food outlets, the cost of food, the travel distance and means of transport to the food outlet. While the relationship between food supply and obesity in the literature reveals complex and mixed findings, this paper concludes obesity is complex and food supply is only part of this phenomenon’s predictors. Because the relationship between food supply and obesity is mediated by such multiple and complex factors including population behaviours, beliefs, lifestyles, knowledge and both food and physical environments;multiple strategies including policy development and other strategies aimed at manipulating food environments, physical environments, populations’ beliefs, behaviours and practices must be considered in searching for evidence to effectively combat obesity.

关键词： Obesity Food supply Food Outlets socio Economic status Complex Relationships

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马拉维的预防AIDs运动

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国际护理学杂志 2001年第12期20卷 563-564页

作者： foley s 张秀芳英

马拉维是一个非洲小国，在那里ＡＩＤＳ传播迅速，至１９９３ｇ该国已成为非洲发病率最高的国家。ＣａｔｈｅｒｉｎｅＰｈｉｒｉ是一位２７岁的护士，有２个孩子的母亲，其丈夫死于ＡＩＤＳ。１９９０年其ＨＩＶ检测为阳性，成为该国... 详细信息

马拉维是一个非洲小国，在那里ＡＩＤＳ传播迅速，至１９９３ｇ该国已成为非洲发病率最高的国家。ＣａｔｈｅｒｉｎｅＰｈｉｒｉ是一位２７岁的护士，有２个孩子的母亲，其丈夫死于ＡＩＤＳ。１９９０年其ＨＩＶ检测为阳性，成为该国第一个公开谈论她自身ＡＩＬＳ情况的人。她说：“我一直认为ＨＩＶ阳性患者或艾滋病病人进行预防ＡＩＤＳ宣传教育，效果最佳”。她最近向《美国护理杂志》投稿，说：“这并不容易，但我强烈地感到我应当帮助别人正视和谈论这一病症。”这篇报道一问世，她立即受到了歧视，她曾ＩＷ了１０年的医院耍求她辞职，但是她继续宣传ＡＩＤＳ流行的问题并决定要多做些事情。１９９４ｑ创建了一个以社区为基础的ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ支持组织（ＳＡＳＯ），１９９７年创建了一个ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ患者网站（ＭＡＮＥＴ＋），这是一个非政府组织，目的在于协调、促进对全国民众的帮助。在１９９７和１９９８年她成为马拉维第一个全面阐述ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ影响的详尽计划──关于２０００～２００４年国家ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ战略框架的顾问，这是联合国发展计划的资助项目。虽然ＳＡｔｏ没有得到政府资金，也没有稳定的资金来源，它的１５０名自愿者每年平均为４２５６０名患者...

关键词： AIDs 马拉维

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Impact of Electric Vehicles on a Carbon Constrained Power system—A Post 2020 Case study

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 114-122页

作者： Zhebin sun Kang Li Zhile Yang Qun Niu Aoife foley school of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen’s University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AH UK school of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China school of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AH UK

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer great potential to move from fossil fuel dependency in transport once some of the technical barriers related to battery reliability and grid integration are resolved. The European Union has set a target to achieve a 10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 relative to 2005 levels. This target is binding in all the European Union member states. If electric vehicle issues are overcome then the challenge is to use as much renewable energy as possible to achieve this target. In this paper, the impacts of electric vehicle charged in the all-Ireland single wholesale electricity market after the 2020 deadline passes is investigated using a power system dispatch model. For the purpose of this work it is assumed that a 10% electric vehicle target in the Republic of Ireland is not achieved, but instead 8% is reached by 2025 considering the slow market uptake of electric vehicles. Our experimental study shows that the increasing penetration of EVs could contribute to approach the target of the EU and Ireland government on emissions reduction, regardless of different charging scenarios. Furthermore, among various charging scenarios, the off-peak charging is the best approach, contributing 2.07% to the target of 10% reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.

关键词： Carbon Emissions Electric Vehicles Power system PLEXOs Energy Forecasting

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Current knowledge and future directions of TLR and NOD signaling in sepsis

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第4期29卷 217-228页

作者： Niamh M foley Jian Wang H Paul Redmond Jiang-Huai Wang Department of Academic surgery University College CorkCorkUniversity Hospital Department of Pediatric surgery Affiliated Children’s HospitalSoochow University

The incidence of sepsis is increasing over time, along with an increased risk of dying from the condition. sepsis care costs billions annually in the United states. Death from sepsis is understood to be a complex process, driven by a lack of normal immune homeostatic functions and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to multi-organ failure. The Toll-like receptor(TLR) family, one of whose members was initially discovered in Drosophila, performs an important role in the recognition of microbial pathogens. These pattern recognition receptors(PRRs), upon sensing invading microorganisms, activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. NOD signaling is also involved in the recognition of bacteria and acts synergistically with the TLR family in initiating an efficient immune response for the eradication of invading microbial pathogens. TLRs and NOD1/NOD2 respond to different pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMPs). Modulation of both TLR and NOD signaling is an area of research that has prompted much excitement and debate as a therapeutic strategy in the management of sepsis. Molecules targeting TLR and NOD signaling pathways exist but regrettably thus far none have proven efficacy from clinical trials.

关键词： Innate immunity TLR signaling NOD signaling sepsis

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西澳白榴石钾镁煌斑岩白榴石中铝尖晶石包体的成因

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宝石和宝石学杂志(中英文) 1987年第1期 9-15页

作者： A.L.Jaques s.F.foley 喻学惠

西澳西金伯利地区,白榴石钾镁煌斑岩的白榴石斑晶（和假白榴石）中,出现小的（通常小于20μm）铝尖晶石（亚铁尖晶石-铁尖品石）包体.这种尖晶石与基质中共存的钛铁镁铬铁矿显著不同,后者很象岩石中其它贫铝的铁镁相.白榴石中类似的铝... 详细信息

西澳西金伯利地区,白榴石钾镁煌斑岩的白榴石斑晶（和假白榴石）中,出现小的（通常小于20μm）铝尖晶石（亚铁尖晶石-铁尖品石）包体.这种尖晶石与基质中共存的钛铁镁铬铁矿显著不同,后者很象岩石中其它贫铝的铁镁相.白榴石中类似的铝尖晶石包体,还在另一种钾镁煌斑岩-高斯伯格（Gaussberg）橄榄白榴石岩——于1个大气压下的实验中出现.基于矿物学和实验证据,这种过碱性火山岩的白榴石中铝尖晶石包体的形成被解释为在过饱和条件下,原始的包含Mg、Al和Fe;的固溶体从非理想配比的白榴石中的出溶作用.

关键词：白榴石铝矿物尖晶石宝石包体钾镁煌斑岩金云火山岩西澳

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Inference of Median subjective Threshold in Psychophysical Experiments

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第5期9卷 982-1002页

作者： Hongyun Wang Maryam Adamzadeh Wesley A. Burgei shannon E. foley Hong Zhou Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Santa Cruz CA USA U.s. Department of Defense Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office Quantico VA USA Department of Applied Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA USA

We consider the response of a test subject upon a skin area being heated with an electromagnetic wave or a contact surface. When the specifications of the electromagnetic beam are fixed, the stimulus is solely described by the heating duration. The binary response of a subject, escape or no escape, is determined by the stimulus and a subjective threshold that varies among test realizations. We study four methods for inferring the median subjective threshold in psychophysical experiments: 1) sample median, 2) maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with 2 variables, 3) MLE with 1 variable, and 4) adaptive Bayesian method. While methods 1 - 3 require samples of time to escape measured in the method of limits, method 4 utilizes binary outcomes observed in the method of constant stimuli. We find that a) the adaptive Bayesian method converges and is as efficient as the sample median even when the assumed model distribution is incorrect;b) this robust convergence is lost if we infer the mean instead of the median;c) for the optimal performance in an uncertain situation, it is best to use a wide model distribution;d) the predicted error from the posterior standard deviation is unreliable, dominated by the assumed model distribution.

关键词： Method of Limits Method of Constant stimuli subjective Threshold Point of subjective Equality (PsE) Adaptive Bayesian Method

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再循环碳酸岩火山作用对新元古代碳酸盐碳同位素显著负偏的贡献

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science Bulletin 2021年第18期66卷 1925-1931,M0004页

作者：刘勇胜陈唯 stephen F.foley 沈延安陈春飞李俊华欧晓斌何德涛冯庆来蔺洁 state Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Earth and Environmental sciences Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW 2109Australia school of Earth and space sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

埃迪卡拉纪晚期shuram碳酸盐记录了地球历史上最显著的碳同位素负偏(δ^(13)C=-12‰)现象(简称sE).前人认为sE事件是溶解有机质氧化、成岩作用或者自生沉淀作用的结果.上述机制面临着巨量的大气氧以及大量δ^(13)C极负物质的持续输入等... 详细信息

埃迪卡拉纪晚期shuram碳酸盐记录了地球历史上最显著的碳同位素负偏(δ^(13)C=-12‰)现象(简称sE).前人认为sE事件是溶解有机质氧化、成岩作用或者自生沉淀作用的结果.上述机制面临着巨量的大气氧以及大量δ^(13)C极负物质的持续输入等多方面挑战.本文研究表明记录sE的典型地层华南九龙湾剖面中的陡山陀组具有与高温过程相关的矿物学和地球化学特征.碳同位素负偏样品中铁白云石、长石、碳硅石和自形石英的出现以及碳酸盐Ce异常和石英O同位素组成稳定的特征均表明有高温火成作用的参与.此外,碳同位素负偏样品的微量元素和碳同位素组成与沉积碳酸盐岩通过脱碳熔融作用形成的再循环碳酸岩一致.这些特征表明与罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解有关的古老碳酸盐岩在俯冲过程中经过脱碳作用后形成的碳酸岩岩浆喷发可能是引起sE的原因.这种火成模型可能提供了地球深部和浅部碳循环之间的联系.

关键词： shuram Excursion Negativeδ^(13)C excursions Doushantuo Igneous processes Decarbonation Recycled carbonatite

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护士的贡献和她们的安全性

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护理实践与研究 2006年第2期3卷 1-5页

作者： Mary foley 陈景景（编译）加利福尼亚大学不详

从南非墙上标有“禁止带枪”标记的诊所到密克罗尼西亚没有自来水的乡村医院;从洛杉矶服务于全球非英语交流的城市医院到荒芜的阿拉斯加州有护理的诊所,护士都将提供她们最好的护理,这一点是值得称赞的。不过护士同样也应该照顾好自己,... 详细信息

从南非墙上标有“禁止带枪”标记的诊所到密克罗尼西亚没有自来水的乡村医院;从洛杉矶服务于全球非英语交流的城市医院到荒芜的阿拉斯加州有护理的诊所,护士都将提供她们最好的护理,这一点是值得称赞的。不过护士同样也应该照顾好自己,以使他们可以继续为患者提供护理,同时维持吸收和保留新护士的职业能力。1982-1990年的基础护理书上卫生保健人员的风险仅仅在第一章提出。这篇文章为护士安全作了一般介绍。首先健康和安全是主要部分,概括了风险减少的控制结构层次,其次美国护理学会将安全要点具体化并且护士安全职业需求将被提出,通过讨论这些患者和护士的安全性之间的连接,有关护士安全性将被引起注意。

关键词：控制的结构层次损伤预防措施护士安全性护理健康职业健康患者安全性工作实践

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First 100 cases of transvesical single-port robotic radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 416-422页

作者： Roxana Ramos-Carpinteyro Ethan L.Ferguson Jaya s.Chavali Albert Geskin Jihad Kaouk Glickman Urological&Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA

Objective:To describe the surgical technique and report the early outcomes of the transvesical(TV)approach to single-port(sP)robot-assisted radical ***:All procedures were performed at a single center by one *** identified the first 100 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer that underwent sP TV robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the da Vinci sP robotic surgical *** were collected prospectively and analyzed with descriptive *** primary outcomes assessed were postoperative urinary continence,rate of biochemical recurrence,and sexual ***:All procedures were performed without extra ports or *** median age was 62.1 years and 49.0%of the patients had abdominal surgery *** preoperative median prostate-specific antigen value and prostate volume were 5.0 ng/mL and 33.0 mL,*** were no intraoperative *** median operative time and estimated blood loss were 212.5 min and 100.0 mL,respectively.A total of 92.0%of patients were discharged within 24.0 h,with an overall median length of stay of 5.6 *** 4.0%of patients required opioid prescriptions at *** median foley catheter duration was 3 *** margins were present in 15.0%of *** follow-up was 10.4 *** rate was immediate after foley removal in 49.0%of cases,65.0%at 2 weeks,77.4%at 6 weeks,94.1%at 6 months,and 98.9%at 1 *** case of biochemical recurrence(1.0%)was noted 3 months after ***:The sP TV approach for radical prostatectomy cases is a safe and feasible technique for patients with clinically localized prostate *** technique offers advantages of short hospital stay,minimal narcotic use postoperatively,and promising early return of urinary continence,without compromising oncologic outcomes.

关键词： Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy Robotic-assisted surgery single-port Minimally-invasive surgery

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