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Use of incipient motion data for backward erosion piping models

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 401-408页

作者： Vera M.van Beek Bryant A.Robbins Gijs J.C.M.Hoffmans Adam Bezuijen Leo C.van Rijn Deltares U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Ghent University Leovanrijn-Sediment-Consultancy

Backward erosion piping involves the gradual removal of granular material under the action of water flow from the foundation of a dam or levee, whereby shallow pipes are formed that grow in the direction opposite to the flow. This pipe-forming process can ultimately lead to failure of a water-retaining structure and is considered one of the most important failure mechanisms for dikes and levees in the Netherlands and the United States. Modeling of this mechanism requires the assessment of hydraulic conditions in the pipe, which are controlled by the particle equilibrium at the pipe wall. Since the pipe’s dimensions are controlled by the inflow to the pipe from the porous medium, the flow through the pipe is thought to be laminar for fine-to medium-grained sands. The literature provides data for incipient motion in laminar flow, which is reviewed here and complemented with data from backward erosion experiments. The experiments illustrate the applicability of the laminar incipient motion data to determine the erosion pipe dimensions and corresponding pipe hydraulics for fine-to medium-grained sands, for the purpose of backward erosion piping modeling.

关键词： Internal erosion Backward erosion piping Cylindrical test Incipient motion Dikes Levees

SLIPS-TENG: robust triboelectric nanogenerator with optical and charge transparency using a slippery interface

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 540-550页

作者： Wanghuai Xu Xiaofeng Zhou Chonglei Hao Huanxi Zheng Yuan Liu Xiantong Yan Zhengbao Yang Michael Leung Xiao Cheng Zeng ronald X.Xu Zuankai Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing Department of Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong

Energy harvesting devices that prosper in harsh environments are highly demanded in a wide range of applications ranging from wearable and biomedical devices to self-powered and intelligent ***, over the past several years, the innovation of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs) that efficiently convert ambient kinetic energy of water droplets or wave power to electricity has received growing attention. One of the main bottlenecks for the practical implications of such devices originates from the fast degradation of the physiochemical properties of interfacial materials under harsh environments. To overcome these challenges, here we report the design of a novel slippery lubricant-impregnated porous surface(SLIPS) based TENG, referred to as SLIPS-TENG, which exhibits many distinctive advantages over conventional design including optical transparency, configurability, self-cleaning, flexibility, and power generation stability, in a wide range of working environments. Unexpectedly, the slippery and configurable lubricant layer not only serves as a unique substrate for liquid/droplet transport and optical transmission,but also for efficient charge transfer. Moreover, we show that there exists a critical thickness in the liquid layer, below which the triboelectric effect is almost identical to that without the presence of such a liquid film. Such an intriguing charge transparency behavior is reminiscent of the wetting transparency and van der Waals potential transparency of graphene previously reported, though the fundamental mechanism remains to be elucidated. We envision that the marriage of these two seemingly totally different arenas(SLIPS and TENG) provides a paradigm shift in the design of robust and versatile energy devices that can be used as a clean and longer-lifetime alternative in various working environments.

关键词： slippery surface triboelectricity power generation water droplet interfaces

血吸虫肠相关循环抗原组分CAA和CCA的纯化与特异检测(英文)

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Chinese Medical Journal 2001年第6期114卷 54-57,106页

作者：钱宗立陆萍王兆军上海第二医科大学寄生虫学教研室 200025

目的　为探讨血吸虫肠相关循环抗原CAA与CCA诊断靶微粒上表位特异性的差别 ,并试探获取其纯化制品用于定量检测的标准系列。方法　对两组分进行了亲和层析及阴离子交换剂高压液相纯化分离 ,并应用单抗检测系统进行同相和异相交互测试。... 详细信息

目的　为探讨血吸虫肠相关循环抗原CAA与CCA诊断靶微粒上表位特异性的差别 ,并试探获取其纯化制品用于定量检测的标准系列。方法　对两组分进行了亲和层析及阴离子交换剂高压液相纯化分离 ,并应用单抗检测系统进行同相和异相交互测试。结果　Mono QHPLC梯度洗脱分离AWAj-TCA可溶组分 ,可获得一个带阳离子活性的非结合CCA - 1峰及 3个大小不等的 ,带阳离子活性的CCA - 2 ,CCA - 3,CCA - 4非结合洗脱峰 ,以及一个带阴离子活性CAA - 1洗脱峰。CAA活性峰在峰谱上与CCA - 3有部分重叠。与单抗亲和层析纯品的活性对比测定显示CCA - 1与CCA - 2为该组分的主要构成 ,但CCA - 2及CAA - 1在本实验条件下均有微量的相互杂染。同相和异相双位点ELISA的 4种组合交互检测 ,展示CCA只能在捕获与检测抗体同为抗CCA单抗的一种组合中被检示 ,而另 3种组合都只能测出CAA组分。结论　血吸虫肠相关CCA组分为一兼含两性电荷的分子混合体 ;而CAA分子上具有一个可被抗CCA单抗识别的活性表位位点 ,从而可能影响纯化分离和特异检测。

关键词：血吸虫肠相关循环抗原 CAA与CCA交叉反应 Mono-Q-HPLC纯化分离

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Understanding and managing the morphology of branches incising into sand-clay deposits in the Dutch Rhine Delta

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第2期28卷 127-138页

作者： Kees SLOFF(C.J.) Ary van SPIJK Esther STOUTHAMER Arjan SIEBEN Deltares and Delft University of Technology PO Box 1772600MH Delftthe Netherlands Assis.Prof. Water management Rijkswaterstaat Zuid HollandPO Box 5563000 AN Rotterdamthe Netherlands Senior Advisor Utrecht University Faculty of GeosciencesPO Box 801153508 TCUtrechtthe Netherlands AssisProf. Water management Rijkswaterstaat Center for Water ManagementPO Box 178200 AA Lelystadthe Netherlands Senior Advisor

In the Rhine-Meuse delta in the south-western part of the Netherlands,the morphology of the river branches is highly dependent on the erodibility of the *** processes that were initiated after closure of the Haringvliet estuary branch by a dam(in 1970),caused a strong incision of several connecting *** to the geological evolution of this area the lithology of the subsoil shows large variations in highly erodible sand and poorly erodible peat and clay *** study shows how the geological information can be used to create 3D maps of the erodibility of the sub-soil, and how this information can be used to schematize the sub-soil in computational models for morphological *** incisement of sand patches between areas with poorly erodible bed causes deep scour holes,hence increasing the risk on river-bank instability(flow slides) and damage to constructions such as groynes,quays,tunnels, and *** types of mathematical models,ranging from 1D(SOBEK) to quasi-3D(Delft3D) have been applied to study the future development of the river bed and possible management *** results of these approaches demonstrate that models require inclusion of a layer-bookkeeping approach for sub-soil schematization, non-uniform sediment fractions(sand-mud),tidal and river-discharge boundary conditions,and capacity-reduction transport *** risk-reducing river management it has been shown how the development of the river bed can be addressed on a large scale and small *** instance,the use of sediment feeding and fixation of bed can be proposed for large-scale management,while monitoring and interventions at initiation of erosion can be proposed as response to small-scale developments that exceed predefined intervention levels.

关键词： River morphological modeling River-bed erodibility River management Erosion Bed stratigraphy Bank and dike stability Mathematical model

Axonal degeneration in the anterior insular cortex is associated with Alzheimer’s co-pathology in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 129-147页

作者： Yasmine Y.Fathy Laura E.Jonkman John J.Bol Evelien Timmermans Allert J.Jonker Annemieke J.M.Rozemuller Wilma D.J.van de Berg Amsterdam UMC Department of Anatomy and NeurosciencesSection Clinical Neuroanatomy and BiobankingAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamO|2 Life Sciences buildingDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ Amster-damNetherlands Amsterdam Neuroscience Program NeurodegenerationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Department of Pathol-ogyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamDe BoelelaanAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Neurology Erasmus Medical CenterPostbus 20403000 CA RotterdamNetherlands.

Background:Axons,crucial for impulse transmission and cellular trafficking,are thought to be primary targets of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease(PD)and dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB).Axonal degeneration occurs early,preceeding and exceeding neuronal loss,and contributes to the spread of pathology,yet is poorly described outside the nigrostriatal *** insula,a cortical brain hub,was recently discovered to be highly vulnerable to pathology and plays a role in cognitive deficits in PD and *** aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features as well as burden of proteinopathy and axonal degeneration in the anterior insular sub-regions in PD,PD with dementia(PDD),and ***:α-Synuclein,phosphorylated(p-)tau,and amyloid-βpathology load were evaluated in the anterior insular(agranular and dysgranular)subregions of post-mortem human brains(n=27).Axonal loss was evaluated using modified Bielschowsky silver staining and quantified using *** damage was comprehensively studied using immunofluorescent multi-labelling and 3D confocal laser-scanning ***:Compared to PD and PDD,DLB showed significantly higherα-synuclein and p-tau pathology load,argyrophilic grains,and more severe axonal loss,particularly in the anterior agranular ***,the dysgranular insula showed a significantly higher load of amyloid-βpathology and its axonal density correlated with cognitive performance.p-Tau contributed most to axonal loss in the DLB group,was highest in the anterior agranular insula and significantly correlated with CDR global scores for *** and myelin showed degenerative changes including swellings,demyelination,and detachment of the axon-myelin ***:Our results highlight the selective vulnerability of the anterior insular sub-regions to various converging pathologies,leading to impaired axonal integrity in PD,PDD and DLB,disrupting their functional properties and potentially con

关键词： α-Synuclein Insular subregions Axonal length density Alzheimer’s disease pathology Neurofilament Myelin

Impact of dams on flood occurrence of selected rivers in the United States

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 268-282页

作者： Xuefei MEI P.H.A.J.M. van GELDER Zhijun DAI Zhenghong TANG State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology 2628BX Delft the Netherlands Community and Regional Planning Program University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588-0105 USA

A significant large number of dams have been constructed in the past two centuries in the United States. These dams＇ ability to regulate downstream flooding has received world-wide attention. In this study, data from 38 rivers distributed over the entire conterminous Untied States with extensive pre- and post-dam annual peak discharge records, were collected to research the impacts of various dams on the flood behaviors at a national scale. The results indicate that dams have led to significant reductions in flood magnitude for nearly all of the sites; the decrease rate in the mean of annual peak discharge varies between 7.4% and 95.14%, except for the Dead River, which increased by 1.46%. Because of dams＇ effective- ness, the probability density curve of annual peak flow changes from a flat to peaked shape because both the range and magnitude of high discharges are decreased. More- over, the potential impact of dams on flood characteristics were closely related to the dam＇s geographic location and function, the ratio of the storage capacity of the dam to the mean annual runoff of the river （C/R）, and the ratio of reservoir storage capacity to the area of its drainage （C/D）. Specifically, the effects of dams on annual peak flows were more related to latitude than longitude. Compared with dams built for other purposes, the dam exclusively used for flood management cut off more flood peaks. Increases in the ratios of C/R and C/D increased the degree of modification of annual maximum discharge.

关键词： flood characteristics river discharge dam,flood modification

Triggering star formation:Experimental compression of a foam ball induced by Taylor–Sedov blast waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第3期7卷 31-39页

作者： B.Albertazzi P.Mabey Th.Michel G.Rigon, J.R.Marques S.Pikuz S.Ryazantsev E.Falize L.van Box Som J.Meinecke N.Ozaki G.Gregori M.Koenig LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau cedexFrance Department of Physics Freie Universitat Berlin14195 BerlinGermany JIHT-RAS 13-2 Izhorskaya st.Moscow 125412Russia National Research Nuclear University“MEPhI ”Moscow 115409Russia CEA-dam-DIF F-91297 ArpajonFrance Clarendon Laboratory University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

The interaction between a molecular cloud and an external agent(e.g.,a supernova remnant,plasma jet,radiation,or another cloud)is a common phenomenon throughout the Universe and can significantly change the star formation rate within a *** process leads to fragmentation of the cloud and to its subsequent compression and can,eventually,initiate the gravitational collapse of a stable molecular *** is,however,difficult to study such systems in detail using conventional techniques(numerical simulations and astronomical observations),since complex interactions of flows *** this paper,we experimentally investigate the compression of a foam ball by Taylor–Sedov blast waves,as an analog of supernova remnants interacting with a molecular *** formation of a compression wave is observed in the foam ball,indicating the importance of such experiments for understanding how star formation is triggered by external agents.

关键词： cloud galaxy supernova

A test of genetic association among male nuptial coloration, female mating preference, and male aggression bias within a polymorphic population of cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 221-229页

作者： Inke van der SLUIJS Peter D. DIJKSTRA Charlotte M. LINDEYER BertanneVISSER Alan M. SMITH Ton G. G. GROOTHUIS Jacques J. M. van ALPHEN Ole SEEHAUSEN Department of Animal Ecology Institute of Biology Leiden University PO Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands The University of Texas at Austin Section of Integrative Biology 1 University Station-C0930 Austin TX 78712 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom Behavioural Biology Group University of Groningen P.O. Box 14 9750 AA Haren The Netherlands Institute of Zoology University of Bern Baltzerstrasse CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology Centre of Ecology Evolution & Biogeochemistry Depart- ment ofFish Ecology & Evolution Seestrasse 97 6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland

Both interand intrasexual selection have been implicated in the origin and maintenance of species-rich taxa with diverse sexual traits. Simultaneous disruptive selection by female mate choice and male-male competition can, in theory, lead to speciation without geographical isolation if both act on the same male trait. Female mate choice can generate discontinuities in gene flow, while male-male competition can generate negative frequency-dependent selection stabilizing the male trait polymorphism. Speciation may be facilitated when mating preference and/or aggression bias are physically linked to the trait they operate on. We tested for genetic associations among female mating preference, male aggression bias and male coloration in the Lake Victoria cichlidPundamilia. We crossed females from a phenotypically variable population with males from both extreme ends of the phenotype distribution in the same population (blue or red). Male offspring of a red sire were significantly redder than males of a blue sire, indicating that intra-population variation in male coloration is heritable. We tested mating preferences of female offspring and aggression biases of male offspring using binary choice tests. There was no evidence for associations at the family level between female mating preferences and coloration of sires, but dam identity had a significant effect on female mate preference. Sons of the red sire directed significantly more aggression to red than blue males, whereas sons of the blue sire did not show any bias. There was a positive correlation among individuals between male aggression bias and body coloration, possibly due to pleiotropy or physical linkage, which could facilitate the maintenance of color polymorphism.

关键词：人口分布多态性男性女性着色偏好交配测试

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荷兰格罗宁根教育行政机构及税务机关办公楼

中国建筑装饰装修 2012年第6期 90-99页

作者： Ben van Berkel Inga Powilleit Ewout Huibers ronald Tilleman Christian Richters UNStudio创始合伙人

＂我们非常关注人们在建筑中的移动体验,并不创造死角以及进行简单的线性设计,而是将景观引领进每一条路线,你可在里面尽兴的散步,建筑同时保证透明度以与周围的景观互通。

关键词：机关办公楼税务机构行政教育荷兰线性设计移动体

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