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Deep Energies for Estimating Three-Dimensional Facial Pose and Expression

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 837-861页

作者： Jane Wu Michael Bao Xinwei Yao ronald Fedkiw Department of Computer Science Stanford University353 Jane Stanford WayStanfordCA 94305USA Epic Games 620 Crossroads BlvdCaryNC 27518USA

While much progress has been made in capturing high-quality facial performances using motion capture markers and shape-from-shading,high-end systems typically also rely on rotoscope curves hand-drawn on the *** curves are subjective and difficult to draw consistently;moreover,ad-hoc procedural methods are required for generating matching rotoscope curves on synthetic renders embedded in the optimization used to determine three-dimensional(3D)facial pose and *** propose an alternative approach whereby these curves and other keypoints are detected automatically on both the image and the synthetic renders using trained neural networks,eliminating artist subjectivity,and the ad-hoc procedures meant to mimic *** generally,we propose using machine learning networks to implicitly define deep energies which when minimized using classical optimization techniques lead to 3D facial pose and expression estimation.

关键词： Numerical optimization Neural networks Motion capture Face tracking

雌激素替代疗法治疗轻到中度Alzheimer病：随机对照试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2000年第6期19卷 282-290页

作者： Ruth A. Mulnard, RN, DNSc Anthony Gamst, phd Michael Grundman, MD,MPH ronald thomas, phd Leon J. Thal, MD Alzheimer病协作组 Carl W. Cotman, phd Claudia Kawas, MD Christopher H. van Dyck, MD Mary Sano, phd Rachelle Doody, MD, phd Elizabeth Koss, phd Eric Pfeiffer, MD Shelia Jin, MD, MPH

背景：几项小型临床试验提示雌激素替代疗法可能有助于女性Alzheimer病（AD）患者的治疗。　　目的：确定雌激素替代疗法能否改善轻到中度女性AD患者总体功能、认知或日常生活能力。　　设计：Alzheimer病协作组于1995年10月至1999年1... 详细信息

背景：几项小型临床试验提示雌激素替代疗法可能有助于女性Alzheimer病（AD）患者的治疗。　　目的：确定雌激素替代疗法能否改善轻到中度女性AD患者总体功能、认知或日常生活能力。　　设计：Alzheimer病协作组于1995年10月至1999年1月进行的一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验。　　参加单位：美国32个研究中心。　　受试对象：总共120例轻到中度女性AD患者。细微精神状态检查评分介于12～28分间，既往已行子宫切除术。　　干预：受试者随机服用雌激素0.625 mg/d（n=42）、1.25 mg/d（n=39）或者剂型相同的安慰剂（n=39）。1例患者于随机后接受药物治疗前退出试验；97例完成试验。　　主要结果评定：主要结果评定指标为临床整体印象的改变（CGIC），分值为7分，采用意向治疗(intent-to-treat)分析。次要指标包括其他总评估以及情绪、特殊认知功能（记忆、注意力和语言）、运动功能和日常生活能力；于随访 2、6、12和15个月时，对雌激素组与安慰剂组进行比较。　　结果：雌激素组与安慰剂组CGIC评分为5.1比5.0 (P=0.43)；雌激素组80%的患者恶化，而安慰剂组74%恶化(P=0.48)。除临床痴呆评分提示雌激素组恶化外(雌激素组与安慰剂组相比治疗后平均变化为0.5比0.2，P=0.01)，两组次要结果指标无显著差异。　　结论：雌激素替代治疗1年不能延缓轻、中度女性AD患者病情的进展，整体功能、认知和功能预后亦无改善。研究结果不支持雌激素对这种疾病有治疗作用的结论。雌激素对AD的潜在预防作用尚需进一步研究。

关键词：早老性痴呆雌激素替代疗法

The Impact of a Prior Norwood Procedure on Cardiac Transplantation in Failed Fontan Physiology

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第3期19卷 257-266页

作者： Ryan G.McQueen Nikki M.Singh ronald K.Woods Medical College of Wisconsin Herma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiology Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA

Objective:The objective of this study was to compare cardiac transplant operative and postoperative courses of patients with failed Fontan physiology who were initially palliated with a Norwood(FFN)to those without a prior Norwood(FF).Methods:A single-institution retrospective review of all patients with Fontan failure who under-went cardiac transplantation from 2003–2021 was completed-22 underwent prior Norwood(FFN)and 11 did not(FF).Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for operative course and patient ***:The operative course of the FFN cohort appeared to be more complex(not statistically significant,but clinically relevant)-this group exclusively experienced sternal re-entry events(3 of 22 patients)and concomitant neo-aor-tic reconstruction(6 patients),had a longer duration of surgery(median of 682 min vs.575.5 min),more time on circulatory arrest(median of 25.5 min vs.12.5 min),and more frequent use of open sternal management[50%of patients(11/22)vs.27.3%of patients(3/11)].Postoperatively,these patients underwent more mediastinal explora-tions[other than sternal closure;40.9%of patients(9/22)vs.18.2%of patients(2/11)],spent more time on mechanical ventilation(median of 5 days vs.2 days),had a longer length of stay(median of 30 days vs.19 days),and required more catheter-based re-interventions[22.7%of patients(5/22)vs.9.1%of patients(1/11)].Conclu-sion:Although underpowered,our results suggest that the operative course of FFN patients is more challenging,based mostly on neo-aortic arch *** turn,this likely leads to a more complex postoperative *** are currently collaborating with other institutions to increase the cohort size and power of the study.

关键词： Fontan Fontan failure Norwood cardiac transplantation

Estimating the Future of Health Care at the Community Level

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第7期13卷 241-248页

作者： ronald Lagoe Shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

Developments in health care in the United States are changing the delivery of services for providers and payors. This study focused on inpatient hospital discharges in the Syracuse hospitals and other services. It demonstrated that, during the past five years, numbers of inpatient adult medicine discharges had increased while adult surgery discharges had declined. This information suggested that adult medicine discharges could be expected to increase and approach levels of five years ago. It also suggested adult surgery discharges could be expected to remain at previous levels or decline. This information indicated that the combined emergency department visits declined from 238,000 to 202,000 between 2019 and 2020, then increased from 218,000 to 228,000 visits between 2021 and 2023. These developments will probably result in greater efficiency at the community level. With a decline in numbers of inpatient beds, providers will be able to focus on the more efficient management by reducing numbers of staff as well as fewer pharmaceuticals and testing.

关键词： Hospitals Long Term Care Health Care Costs

Monitoring Changes in Hospital Utilization

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第4期13卷 115-121页

作者： ronald Lagoe Shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

This study focused on recent issues concerning health care utilization at the community level. The study focused on developments in hospital inpatient lengths of stay and discharges. The analysis in the study demonstrated that hospital lengths of stay in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York increased by 25.0 percent between 2019 and 2023. This has been a notable increase in the movement of patients with this indicator. The analysis also demonstrated that numbers of inpatient discharges for these hospital services declined substantially during the same periods. Review of the data suggested that this information has been related. The increase in hospital lengths of stay has been related to a rise in numbers of patients at high severity of illness. They have also been associated with a decline in numbers of patients at low severity.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Utilization Long Term Care Ambulatory Care

Reducing Extended Hospital Lengths of Stay

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第5期13卷 171-177页

作者： ronald Lagoe Shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

In the United States, the costs of health care have become a major burden for the health care system. In order to address this problem, the hospitals of Syracuse, New York, developed programs to provide subacute and complex care. The Subacute programs provided patient transportation services for dialysis and other types of care outside hospitals. They also developed programs for services such as intravenous therapy in nursing homes. The Complex Care Programs, such as intravenous therapy and mental health services, have provided alternatives to extended care in hospitals. During the past five years, utilization of these programs has varied, declining between 2019 and 2022, and then increasing between 2022 and 2024. The programs have avoided the need for 1530 - 2974 patient days in hospitals. The programs saved the Syracuse hospitals approximately $600 per inpatient day. This amounted to savings of $918,000 - $1,784,400 per year. These programs demonstrated how relatively small mechanisms can save large amounts of health care resources.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Efficiency Hospital Lengths of Stay

Changes in Inpatient Hospital Utilization at the Community Level

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第9期13卷 358-365页

作者： ronald Lagoe Shelly Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA

This study demonstrated that numbers of hospital inpatient discharges have declined in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York. The largest impact has been in adult medicine and adult surgery, the hospital services with the highest utilization rates. Reductions in inpatient care have also affected services with lower utilization, such as pediatrics, obstetrics, and mental health. The study indicated that, between January - June 2019 and 2024, adult medicine discharges declined by 11.9 percent and adult surgery discharges declined by 24.6 percent. A large proportion of the reductions involved orthopedic surgery. They indicated that more than 50 percent of the joint replacements in the Syracuse hospitals have been moved to outpatient services. These patients included those with low severity of illness. The study suggested that reductions in hospital discharges could contribute to the efficiency of care. Fewer inpatient admissions could reduce the need for staffing and other resources. Information from the Syracuse hospitals has suggested that these reductions may continue.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Inpatients Adult Medicine Adult Surgery

Design,Synthesis,and Applications of Mesoporous Covalent Organic Frameworks

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： Niyati Arora Cassandra Flores Milinda C.Senarathna Christina M.Thompson ronald A.Smaldone Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of TexasDallasRichardsonTexas 75080

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are highly ordered and permanently porous organic polymers that can be classified as two-dimensional or *** tunable design and crystalline order endow a range of pore sizes,shapes,functions,and applications that differentiate them from other *** COF pore sizes and shapes rely on the geometry of the monomers and dynamic covalent chemistry,while the stacking of the sheets relies on noncovalent *** tunability allows for post-modification or the incorporation of additional functional groups for the reinforcement by various noncovalent *** limits of mesoporous COFs are still being investigated,with the design rules continuing to *** we report a comprehensive review of mesoporous COFs,explore strategies for large pore reinforcement,highlight structural design and features,elucidate their various functions and applications,discuss fundamental challenges faced that need to be addressed,and predict future directions.

关键词： covalent organic frameworks mesoporous supramolecular chemistry polymers pore size

A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Hierarchical Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Image Classification

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第2期12卷 173-200页

作者： Adama Dembele ronald Waweru Mwangi Ananda Omutokoh Kube Department of Mathematics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Computing School of Computing and Information Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware resources. To address this issue, the MobileNetV1 network was developed, which employs depthwise convolution to reduce network complexity. MobileNetV1 employs a stride of 2 in several convolutional layers to decrease the spatial resolution of feature maps, thereby lowering computational costs. However, this stride setting can lead to a loss of spatial information, particularly affecting the detection and representation of smaller objects or finer details in images. To maintain the trade-off between complexity and model performance, a lightweight convolutional neural network with hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion based on the MobileNetV1 network is proposed. The network consists of two main subnetworks. The first subnetwork uses a depthwise dilated separable convolution (DDSC) layer to learn imaging features with fewer parameters, which results in a lightweight and computationally inexpensive network. Furthermore, depthwise dilated convolution in DDSC layer effectively expands the field of view of filters, allowing them to incorporate a larger context. The second subnetwork is a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion (HMFF) module that uses parallel multi-resolution branches architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10, Malaria, and KvasirV1 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, reducing the network parameters and computational cost by 65.02% and 39.78%, respectively, while maintaining the network performance compared to the MobileNetV1 baseline.

关键词： MobileNet Image Classification Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Depthwise Dilated Separable Convolution Hierarchical Multi-Scale Feature Fusion