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Contextual influences on animal decision-making:Significance for behavior-based wildlife conservation and management

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 32-48页

作者： Megan A.OWEN ronald r.swaisgood Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Institute for Conservation research San Diego Zoo GlobalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Survival and successful reproduction require animals to make critical decisions amidst a naturally dynamic environmental and social background(i.e.“context”).However,human activities have pervasively,and rapidly,extended contextual variation into evolutionarily novel territory,potentially rendering evolved animal decision-making mechanisms and strategies *** suggest that explicitly focusing on animal decision-making(ADM),by integrating and applying findings from studies of sensory ecology,cognitive psychology,behavioral economics and eco-evolutionary strategies,may enhance our understanding of,and our ability to predict how,human-driven changes in the environment and population demography will influence animal ***,the decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms,and behaviors emerge from the combined action of sensory integration,cognitive mechanisms and strategic rules of thumb,and any of these processes may have a disproportionate influence on *** there is extensive literature exploring ADM,it generally reflects a canalized,discipline-specific approach that lacks a unified conceptual *** a result,there has been limited application of ADM theory and research findings into predictive models that can enhance management outcomes,even though it is likely that the relative resilience of species to rapid environmental change is fundamentally a result of how ADM is linked to contextual ***,we focus on how context influences ADM,and highlight ideas and results that may be most applicable to conservation biology.

关键词： animal behavior anthropogenic change context decision-making wildlife management

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Seasonal and reproductive variation in chemical constituents of scent signals in wild giant pandas

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第5期62卷 648-660页

作者： Wenliang Zhou Yonggang Nie Yibo Hu ronald r.swaisgood Yaohua Zhang Dingzhen Liu Fuwen Wei Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Conservation research San Diego Zoo Global State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Seasonally reproducing animals show many behavioral and physiological changes during the mating period, including increased signaling for intrasexual competition and mate attraction. We collected 102 anogenital gland secretions(AGS) from marking trees in Foping Nature reserve, and used gas chromatography mass spectrometry to analyze these chemical composition. Of these marks, all but one were from males, confirmed with DNA analysis. We found that several chemical constituents, especially volatile compounds, were present only during the mating season and that the relative abundance of many compounds changed as a function of breeding season, whereas nonvolatile compounds were lower in the mating season. This seasonal variation in chemical composition of AGS most likely plays an important role in governing giant panda reproduction, including mate location, attraction, and male-male competition. The chemical properties of many of these putative chemosignals—such as volatility and longevity—are suggestive of these roles, and undoubtedly contribute to successful reproduction for this species with a characteristically sophisticated chemical communication system. We also found a number of important differences between the chemical constituents of AGS from wild pandas and those found in previous studies with captive pandas, suggesting that inappropriate chemosignal composition may contribute to poor reproductive success in captive breeding programs.

关键词： giant panda chemical communication anogenital gland secretions chemical composition reproduction

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Ecological civilization: China's effort to build a shared future for all life on Earth

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National Science review 2021年第7期8卷 8-12页

作者： Fuwen Wei Shuhong Cui Ning Liu Jiang Chang Xiaoge Ping Tianxiao Ma Jing Xu ronald r.swaisgood Harvey Locke CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

After hundreds of years of technological revolution and rapid development, humanity has reached a moment of crisis in its relationship with nature [1]. To find better solutions to address global challenges, holistic thinking is required to integrate environmental goals with human activities. Some of these approaches include sustainable development (SD), the planetary boundaries (PB) and, in China,ecological civilization (EC) based on the unity of nature and man (UNM)[2].

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Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 46-60页

作者： Zejun ZHANG James K.SHEPPArD ronald r.swaisgood Guan WANG Yonggang NIE Wei WEI Naxun ZHAO Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation research EscondidoCaliforniaUSA Institute of rare Animals and Plants China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Foping National Nature reserve FopingChina

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)using high-resolution global positioning system(GPS)*** 2008 and 2009,4 pandas(2 male and 2 fe-male)were tracked in Foping reserve,China for an average of 305 days(±54.8 SE).Panda home ranges were larger than those of previous very high frequency tracking studies,with a bimodal distribution of space-use and distinct winter and summer centers of *** range sizes were larger in winter than in summer,although there was considerable individual *** tracked pandas exhibited individualistic,unoriented and multi-phasic movement paths,with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed,linear,large-scale movements between *** moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation(>2000 m)summer habitats in May,when temperatures averaged 17.5°C(±0.3 SE),and these large-scale movements tookrred in Jul,after which they began slow,large-scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in *** adult female panda made 2 long-distance movements during the mating *** remain close to rivers and streams during winter,possi-bly reflecting the elevated water requirements to digest their high-fiber *** movement path tortuosity and first-passage-time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use of approximately 700 *** a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges,particularly in winter,we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.

关键词： behavior GPS habitat use movements panda spatial heterogeneity telemetry

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Can science save the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)? Unifying science and policy in an adaptive management paradigm

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 290-296页

作者： ronald r.swaisgood Fuwen WEI William J.MCSHEA David E.WILDT Andrew J.KOUBA Zejun ZHANG San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation research EscondidoCaliforniaUSA Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina Conservation&research Center Smithsonian’s National Zoological ParkFront RoyalVirginiaUSA Memphis Zoo MemphisTennesseeUSA Institute of rare Animals and Plants China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca David,1869)is an iconic species for global conservation,yet field research has only recently advanced to the point where adaptive management is ***,we review recent developments in giant panda conservation science and propose a strategic plan for moving panda conservation *** of scientific,funding,political,and logistical hurdles,few endangered species management programs have embraced adaptive management,wherein management decisions are shaped iteratively by targeted scientific *** threats,such as habitat destruction,anthropogenic disturbance and fragmented nonviable populations,need to be addressed simultaneously by researchers,managers and policy-makers working in concert to understand and overcome these obstacles to species *** the backing of the Chinese Govern-ment and the conservation community,the giant panda can become a high-profile test species for this much touted,but rarely implemented,approach to conservation management.

关键词： adaptive management conservation policy endangered species giant panda strategic conservation plan

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Stable seasonal migration patterns in giant pandas

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Zoological research 2023年第2期44卷 341-348页

作者： Meng Wang Yong-Gang Nie ronald r.swaisgood Wei Wei Wen-Liang Zhou Ze-Jun Zhang Gui-Ming Wang Fu-Wen Wei Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Giant Panda research San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation ResearchEscondidoCalifornia 92027USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi 39762USA

A critical function of animal movement is to maximize access to essential resources in temporally fluctuating and spatially heterogeneous *** mediated resource fluctuations may influence animal movements,enabling them to track changing resource distributions,resulting in annual migration *** conservation-dependent giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) displays seasonal movement patterns;however,the key factor driving these seasonal migration patterns remains poorly ***,we used GPS tracking collars to monitor the movements of six giant pandas over a 12-year period across different elevations,and performed statistical analysis of seasonal migration directions,routes,habitat revisitation,home range overlap,first arrival events,and *** results revealed a compelling pattern of seasonal migrations that facilitated the ability of the pandas to forage at the appropriate time and place to maximize nutritional *** results indicated that pandas utilize spatial memory to locate reliable food resources,as evidenced by their annual return to the same or similar winter and summer home ranges and the consistently maintained percentage of home range *** novel insights into giant panda foraging and movement ecology not only enhance our understanding of its ability to adapt to nutritionally poor dietary resources but also provide important information for the development of resource utilization-based protection and management strategies.

关键词： Giant panda Seasonal migration Home range Foraging ecology Spatial memory

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The face of conservation responding to a dynamically changing world

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第5期10卷 436-452页

作者： ruscena WIEDErHOLT Anne M.TrAINOr Nicole MICHEL Patrick D.SHIrEY ronald r.swaisgood Doug TALLAMY Susan C.COOK-PATTON School of Natural resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA and The Nature ConservancyArlingtonVirginiaUSA School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatchewanCanada r.A.Smith National OakmontPennsylvaniaUSA Division of Applied Animal Ecology San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation ResearchCaliforniaUSA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA American Association for Advancement of Science WashingtonDCUSA

In its 40-year history,the science of conservation has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of environmental damage and rapid global change,and environmental problems are only increasing as greater demands are placed on limited natural *** science has been adapting to keep pace with these ***,we highlight contemporary and emerging trends and innovations in conservation science that we believe represent the most effective responses to biodiversity *** focus on specific areas where conservation science has had to adjust its approach to address emerging threats to biodiversity,including habitat destruction and degradation,climate change,declining populations and invasive *** also document changes in attitudes,norms and practices among conservation scientists.A key component to success is engaging and maintaining public support for conservation,which can be facilitated through the use of *** recent trends in conservation and management are innovative and will assist in optimizing conservation strategies,increasing our leverage with the general public and tackling our current environmental challenges.

关键词： global change management strategies paradigm shifts public engagement trends in conservation science

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Wildlife conservation and management in China: achievements,challenges and perspectives

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National Science review 2021年第7期8卷 26-30页

作者： Guangping Huang Xiaoge Ping Weihua Xu Yibo Hu Jiang Chang ronald r.swaisgood Jiang Zhou Xiangjiang Zhan Zejun Zhang Yonggang Nie Jie Cui Michael Bruford Zhihe Zhang Baoguo Li Li Zhang Zhi Lv Fuwen Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Karst Sciences Guizhou Normal University Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Center for Nature and Society College of Life Sciences Peking University

Dramatic global changes to the environment have wrought unprecedented reductions in biodiversity, with>28%species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) under the threat of extinction[1]. China, as one of the world’s megadiverse countries, plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation.

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圈养大熊猫在兽舍与半野外条件下的行为和习性的初步比较

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四川动物 2005年第2期24卷 143-146,F002页

作者：周小平谭迎春宋仕贤王鹏彦张和民 ronald r.swaisgood 中国保护大熊猫研究中心四川卧龙623006 圣地亚哥动物园濒危动物繁殖中心

20 0 3年7月8日～2 0 0 4年7月7日,用聚焦动物法和点取样法对卧龙自然保护区首次进行放归前期野化培训的两岁龄大熊猫双胞胎之一“祥祥”,及其对照个体大熊猫双胞胎之二“福福”(生活在传统兽舍之中)的行为进行观察,并对观察数据进行定... 详细信息

20 0 3年7月8日～2 0 0 4年7月7日,用聚焦动物法和点取样法对卧龙自然保护区首次进行放归前期野化培训的两岁龄大熊猫双胞胎之一“祥祥”,及其对照个体大熊猫双胞胎之二“福福”(生活在传统兽舍之中)的行为进行观察,并对观察数据进行定性分析。χ2 适合度检验表明:1 在不同的环境下,大熊猫的行为存在明显差异。表现在:取食、机械行为、人为干扰和寻食行为所占时间不同;人为活动对大熊猫行为的影响不同。2 行为多样性指数不同。3 在不同环境下,大熊猫的生态习性也是有差异的。表现在以下两个方面:一是对不同竹子的利用;二是对不同区域的利用。培训结果表明,影响将来放归的重要因素是圈养条件下形成的机械行为和对人及人工食物的依赖性。因此,在将圈养出生的大熊猫真正放归野外时,必须考虑这些因素的影响。

关键词：大熊猫野化培训行为生态习性

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Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial b...

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2012年中国西部动物学首届学术研讨会

作者： ZHANG Zejun James K.SHEPPArD ronald r.swaisgood WANG Guan NIE Yonggang WEI Wei Zhao Naxun WEI Fuwen Institute of rare Animals and Plants China West Normal University Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoologythe Chinese Academy of Sciences Foping National Nature reserve

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)at GPS-level *** pandas(2 male,2 female)were tracked in Foping reserve,China for an average of305 days(+54.8 se)between *** home ranges were larger than those of previous VHF tracking studies,with a bimodal distribution of space-use and distinct winter and summer centers of *** range sizes were larger in winter than in summer,although there was considerable individual *** tracked pandas exhibited individualistic,unoriented,and multiphasic movement paths with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed,linear,large-scale movements between *** adult female panda made two long-distance movements during the mating *** moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation(>2000 m)summer habitats in May,when temperatures averaged 17.5℃(±0.3 se),and these large-scale movements tookrred in July,after which they began slow,large-scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in *** remain close to rivers and streams during winter,possibly due to their proximity to favored foraging *** movement path tortuosity and first-passage-time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use around 700 *** a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges,particularly in winter,we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.

关键词： Giant panda GPS telemetry Movements Habitat use Spatial heterogeneity

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