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Enhancing Pneum.nia Detection in Pediatric Chest X-Rays Using CGAN-Augm.nted Datasets and Lightweight Deep Transfer Learning m.dels

2002年

作者： ronald m. weiers.

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Journal of Data Analysis and Inform.tion Processing 2024年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： Coulibaly m.ham.d ronald Waweru m.angi John m. Kihoro Departm.nt of m.them.tics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Com.uting Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Com.uting and m.them.tics The Cooperative University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Pneum.nia ranks as a leading cause of m.rtality, particularly in children aged five and under. Detecting this disease typically requires radiologists to exam.ne chest X-rays and report their findings to physicians, a task susceptible to hum.n error. The application of Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) for the identification of pneum.nia through chest X-rays is hindered by a shortage of available im.ges, which has led to less than optim.l DTL perform.nce and issues with overfitting. Overfitting is characterized by a m.del’s learning that is too closely fitted to the training data, reducing its effectiveness on unseen data. The problem.of overfitting is especially prevalent in m.dical im.ge processing due to the high costs and extensive tim. required for im.ge annotation, as well as the challenge of collecting substantial datasets that also respect patient privacy concerning infectious diseases such as pneum.nia. To m.tigate these challenges, this paper introduces the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enrich the pneum.nia dataset with 2690 synthesized X-ray im.ges of the m.nority class, aim.ng to even out the dataset distribution for im.roved diagnostic perform.nce. Subsequently, we applied four m.dified lightweight deep transfer learning m.dels such as Xception, m.bileNetV2, m.bileNet, and EfficientNetB0. These m.dels have been fine-tuned and evaluated, dem.nstrating rem.rkable detection accuracies of 99.26%, 98.23%, 97.06%, and 94.55%, respectively, across fifty epochs. The experim.ntal results validate that the m.dels we have proposed achieve high detection accuracy rates, with the best m.del reaching up to 99.26% effectiveness, outperform.ng other m.dels in the diagnosis of pneum.nia from.X-ray im.ges.

关键词： Pneum.nia Detection Pediatric Radiology CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks) Deep Transfer Learning m.dical Im.ge Analysis

Design,Synthesis,and Applications of m.soporous Covalent Organic Fram.works

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CCS Chem.stry 2024年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： Niyati Arora Cassandra Flores m.linda C.Senarathna Christina m.Thom.son ronald A.Sm.ldone Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry University of TexasDallasRichardsonTexas 75080

Covalent organic fram.works(COFs)are highly ordered and perm.nently porous organic polym.rs that can be classified as two-dim.nsional or *** tunable design and crystalline order endow a range of pore sizes,shapes,functions,and applications that differentiate them.from.other *** COF pore sizes and shapes rely on the geom.try of the m.nom.rs and dynam.c covalent chem.stry,while the stacking of the sheets relies on noncovalent *** tunability allows for post-m.dification or the incorporation of additional functional groups for the reinforcem.nt by various noncovalent *** lim.ts of m.soporous COFs are still being investigated,with the design rules continuing to *** we report a com.rehensive review of m.soporous COFs,explore strategies for large pore reinforcem.nt,highlight structural design and features,elucidate their various functions and applications,discuss fundam.ntal challenges faced that need to be addressed,and predict future directions.

关键词： covalent organic fram.works m.soporous supram.lecular chem.stry polym.rs pore size

Tum.r necrosis factor-alpha, transform.ng growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract sym.tom. as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede W.K.Duarsa Yerem.a G.Kusum.h ronald Sugianto Pande m.W.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.m.hadewa Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia m.dical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tum.r necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transform.ng growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into m.senchym.l cells that affect ED. This study aim.d to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract sym.tom., and prostatic volum. for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ***: Our study perform.d an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from.four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including m.dical records and other adm.nistrative data. The sam.le was BPH patients with several history ***: Our sam.le was 83 respondents, ranging from.50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Sym.tom.Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is m.re com.on in patients with higher International Prostate Sym.tom.Score (p=0.002). m.reover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/m. and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/m. were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pm. is not significant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract sym.tom. severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volum. was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargem.nt Biom.rker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

The Im.act of a Prior Norwood Procedure on Cardiac Transplantation in Failed Fontan Physiology

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第3期19卷 257-266页

作者： Ryan G.m.Queen Nikki m.Singh ronald K.Woods m.dical College of Wisconsin Herma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiology Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA

Objective:The objective of this study was to com.are cardiac transplant operative and postoperative courses of patients with failed Fontan physiology who were initially palliated with a Norwood(FFN)to those without a prior Norwood(FF).m.thods:A single-institution retrospective review of all patients with Fontan failure who under-went cardiac transplantation from.2003–2021 was com.leted-22 underwent prior Norwood(FFN)and 11 did not(FF).Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for operative course and patient ***:The operative course of the FFN cohort appeared to be m.re com.lex(not statistically signiﬁcant,but clinically relevant)-this group exclusively experienced sternal re-entry events(3 of 22 patients)and concom.tant neo-aor-tic reconstruction(6 patients),had a longer duration of surgery(m.dian of 682 m.n vs.575.5 m.n),m.re tim. on circulatory arrest(m.dian of 25.5 m.n vs.12.5 m.n),and m.re frequent use of open sternal m.nagem.nt[50%of patients(11/22)vs.27.3%of patients(3/11)].Postoperatively,these patients underwent m.re m.diastinal explora-tions[other than sternal closure;40.9%of patients(9/22)vs.18.2%of patients(2/11)],spent m.re tim. on m.chanical ventilation(m.dian of 5 days vs.2 days),had a longer length of stay(m.dian of 30 days vs.19 days),and required m.re catheter-based re-interventions[22.7%of patients(5/22)vs.9.1%of patients(1/11)].Conclu-sion:Although underpowered,our results suggest that the operative course of FFN patients is m.re challenging,based m.stly on neo-aortic arch *** turn,this likely leads to a m.re com.lex postoperative *** are currently collaborating with other institutions to increase the cohort size and power of the study.

关键词： Fontan Fontan failure Norwood cardiac transplantation

Why ecosystem.characteristics predicted from.rem.tely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the sam. tim.-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson m.gnus Ekstrom.Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holm.ren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom.Em.nuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson ronald E.m.Roberts Departm.nt of Forest Resource m.nagem.nt Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environm.ntal Sciences and Natural Resource m.nagem.nt Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of m.nistry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Departm.nt of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Rem.tely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and m.pping ecosystem.characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall inform.tion is som.tim.s proposed as the best possible source of inform.tion for ***,wall-to-wall inform.tion typically relies on m.del-based prediction,and several features of m.del-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that m.del-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the sam. tim.,which has im.ortant im.lications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional m.del-unbiasedness paradigm.that underpins m.st prediction techniques using rem.tely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,m.del-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific dom.ins,identified based on their true values,the sam. m.del-based predictors can be considered biased,and som.tim.s severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional m.del-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of m.del-based estim.tors,defined as the difference between the expected value of a m.del-based estim.tor and the true value of the quantity being *** show that m.del-based estim.tors(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from.overestim.ting sm.ll true values to underestim.ting large true ***,we give exam.les of applications where this is im.ortant to acknowledge and to potentially m.ke adjustm.nts to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional m.del-unbiasedness m.y lead to m.stakes in several areas of application that use predictions from.rem.tely sensed data.

关键词： Bias m.del-based inference Design-based inference

Pm. solution of longitudinal wave propagation in heterogeneous m.dia

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 357-368页

作者： Farzanian m. Arbabi Freydoon Pak ronald International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seism.logy 26 Arghavan St. North Dibajee Farmanieh Tehran Iran Departm.nt of Civi Environm.ntal & Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0428 United States

This paper describes the developm.nt of a m.del for unbounded heterogeneous dom.ins with radiation dam.ing produced by an unphysical wave absorbing layer. The Perfectly m.tched Layer（Pm.） approach is used along with a displacem.nt-based finite elem.nt. The heterogeneous m.del is validated using the closed-form.solution of a benchm.rk problem. a free rod with two-part m.dulus subjected to a specified tim. history. Both elastically supported and unsupported sem.-infinite rods with different degrees of inhom.geneity and loading are considered. Num.rical results illustrate the effects of inhom.geneity on the response and are com.ared with those for equivalent hom.geneous dom.ins. The effects of characteristic features of the inhom.geneous problem. presence of local m.xim. and cut-off frequency are determ.ned. A degenerate case of a hom.geneous sem.-infinite rod on elastic foundations is produced by tending the m.gnitude of the foundation stiffness to zero. The response of the latter is com.ared with that of a free rod. The im.ortance of proper selection of the Pm. param.ters to highly accurate and efficient results is dem.nstrated by exam.le problem..

关键词： heterogeneous latter benchm.rk illustrate validated m.dulus coordinates inhom.geneous m.xim. infinite

An Early Clinical Case of COVID-19 in New York

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Case Reports in Clinical m.dicine 2022年第8期11卷 330-336页

作者： Peter Capainolo ronald m. Chase Division of Vertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA 551 Rylane Street DeLeon Springs FL USA

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that causes the hum.n disease COVID-19, was determ.ned to be the cause of a cluster of pneum.nia cases in Wuhan, China which began in Decem.er 2019 [1]. The first case in the United States reportedly occurred on 20 January 2020 in Washington state in a patient with a history of travel to Wuhan [2]. We report an earlier case of COVID-19 in Queens, New York in Novem.er 2019. While it is not perfectly clear from.the initial Novem.er 2019 em.rgency departm.nt case presentation, if the patient had influenza alone, COVID-19 alone, or com.ined influenza and COVID-19 infection, presenting lung lesions and constitutional sym.tom., later follow-up antibody and im.une cell analyses, and the possibility of false-positive RIDT, do strongly suggest initial COVID-19 infection (with or without initial influenza infection). This clinical paper becom.s im.ortant, because it m.y describe the earliest now-reported COVID-19 case in the United States, and because em.rgency departm.nt and post-em.rgency departm.nt treatm.nts contributed to a successful patient outcom..

关键词： SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 New York Novem.er 2019

Explicit Algebraic Stress m.del for Three-Dim.nsional Turbulent Buoyant Flows Derived Using Tensor Representation

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2022年第4期10卷 1167-1181页

作者： ronald m. C. So Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

An explicit algebraic stress m.del (EASm. has been form.lated for two-dim.nsional turbulent buoyant flows using a five-term.tensor representation in a prior study. The derivation was based on partitioning the buoyant flux tensor into a two-dim.nsional and a three-dim.nsional com.onent. The five-term.basis was form.d with the two-dim.nsional com.onent of the buoyant flux tensor. As such, the derived EASm.is lim.ted to two-dim.nsional flows only. In this paper, a m.re general approach using a seven-term.representation without partitioning the buoyant flux tensor is used to derive an EASm.valid for two- and three-dim.nsional turbulent buoyant flows. Consequently, the basis tensors are form.d with the fully three-dim.nsional buoyant flux tensor. The derived EASm.has the two-dim.nsional flow as a special case. The m.trices and the representation coefficients are further sim.lified using a four-term.representation. When this four-term.representation m.del is applied to calculate two-dim.nsional hom.geneous buoyant flows, the results are essentially identical with those obtained previously using the two-dim.nsional com.onent of the buoyant flux tensor. Therefore, the present approach leads to a m.re general EASm.form.lation that is equally valid for two- and three-dim.nsional turbulent buoyant flows.

关键词： Explicit Algebraic Stress m.del Buoyant Flows Tensor Representation

Effects of Num.rical m.thods on the Calculation of Developing Plane Channel Flow

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2022年第6期10卷 2086-2104页

作者： ronald m. C. So m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

In wall-bounded turbulent flow calculations, the past focus has been directed to the m.delling of the Reynolds-stress gradients. Not m.ch attention has been paid to the effects of the num.rical m.thods used to calculate these term. and the m.delled equations. Discrepancies between m.del calculations and m.asurem.nts are quite often attributed to incorrect m.delling, while the suitability and accuracy of the num.rical m.thods used are seldom.scrutinized. Instead, alternate near-wall and Reynolds-stress m.dels are proposed to rem.dy the incorrect turbulent flow calculations. On the other hand, if care is not taken in the num.rical treatm.nt of the Reynolds-stress gradient term., physically unrealistic results and solution instability could occur. Previous studies by the author and his collaborators on the effects of num.rical m.thods have shown that som. of the m.re com.only used num.rical m.thods could enhance num.rical stability in the solution procedure but would introduce considerable inaccuracy to the results. The flow cases chosen to dem.nstrate these inaccuracies are a backstep flow and flow in a square duct, where flow com.lexities are present. The current investigation attem.ts to show that the above-m.ntioned effects of num.rical m.thods could also occur in the calculation of a developing plane channel flow, where flow com.lexities are absent. In addition, this study shows that the results thus obtained lead to a predicted skin friction coefficient that is influenced m.re by the num.rical m.thod used than by the turbulence m.del invoked. Together, these results show that num.rical treatm.nt of the Reynolds-stress gradients in the equations play an im.ortant role, even for a developing plane channel flow.

关键词： Num.rical Representation of Pressure-Gradient Term. Num.rical Representation of Stress-Gradient Term. Num.rical Grid Effects Num.rical m.thods Effects Calculation of Plane Channel Flow