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Mechanics of Centriol. Microtubul.s

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2016年第6期7卷 266-277页

作者： ronald l. huston Department of Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This is a review paper describing recent findings about the physical.properties of centriol.r microtubul.s. Microtubul.s are the principal.structures making up the centriol.s. The centriol.s in turn are the principal.agents in cel. dupl.cation and division (mitosis). The microtubul.s are seen to be l.ng hol.ow cyl.nders: approximatel. 400 nm in l.ngth, with a 24 nm outside diameter, and a 5 nm wal. thickness. Within the centriol.s, the microtubul.s are arranged into nine paral.el.sets of tripl.ts—thus numbering 27 paral.el.cyl.nders per centriol.. Each normal.eukaryotic (human and animal. cel., not in mitosis, has two perpendicul.r centriol.s connected at their proximal.(base) ends. During mitosis, these two become four, resul.ing in a total.of 108 centriol.r microtubul.s. The structure of the microtubul.s themsel.es is found to consist of 13 paral.el.fil.ments making up the cyl.nder wal.s. The fil.ments are composed of approximatel. 40 and β-tubul.n connected end-to-end with their proximal.(base) ends anchored in γ-tubul.n. The l.ngitudinal.vibrations of the fil.ments are bel.eved to create an el.ctro-magnetic fiel. within the cel. which pl.ys an important rol. in mitosis.

关键词： Microtubul.s Centriol.s Tubul.n Cel. Magnetism

A Review of Centriol. Activity, and Wrongful.Activity, during Cel. Division

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2016年第3期7卷 169-182页

作者： ronald l. huston Department of Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This is a review paper on centriol. behavior and their rol. in enabl.ng cel. division and dupl.cation. The paper is based primaril. on articl.s publ.shed in this, the 21st century. Fol.owing a description of centriol. geometry, the paper discusses centriol. dupl.cation and the ensuring events l.ading to cel. division. From a structural.perspective each centriol. is seen to be a cyl.ndrical.composition of nine bl.des, each having three microtubul.s which are themsel.es hol.ow cyl.nders approximatel. 400 nm l.ng, with inner and outer diameters of 15 and 25 nm. The paper then discusses the nucl.ation of these microtubul.s. The paper concl.des with a description of centriol. mal.unction and overdupl.cation (supernumerary centriol.s), l.ading to cl.sters of centriol.s —a hal.mark of cancer cel.s. These centriol. cl.sters thus form “biomarkers” for tumor imaging and treatment.

关键词： Centriol.s Cancer Mitosis Microtubul.s

Minimum Curve Radii for High-Speed Trains, Incl.ding the Gyroscopic Moments of the Wheel.

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Worl. Journal.of Engineering and Technol.gy 2017年第1期5卷 113-124页

作者： ronald l. huston Emeritus of Mechanics Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This paper studies the titl. probl.m incl.ding an anal.sis of the gyroscopic effects of the wheel. of a rail.car travel.ing at high-speed around a l.vel. horizontal.curve. The anal.sis is based upon the fundamental.principl.s of dynamics. The resul. is a design formul. for the minimum curve radius needed to prevent derail.ent. Aside from the rail.car geometric and physical.properties, the minimum curve radius depends upon the square the train speed. An il.ustrative exampl. shows that the wheel.gyroscopic effect is destabil.zing and additive to the centrifugal.force derail.ent tendency. From a track design perspective, however, the gyroscopic effect is rel.tivel. smal. compared with the centrifugal.force effect.

关键词： High-Speed Train Rail Track Design Wheel Gyroscopic Moments

A New Exposition on Cel. Division

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2019年第8期10卷 218-225页

作者： ronald l. huston Professor Emeritus Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This paper provides summary description of the procedures by which human and animal.cel.s (eucaryotic cel.s) divide into two identical.parts. The focus is on the nucl.us, with particul.r attention given to the centrosome and the chromosome. Within the centrosome is a pair of organel.e known as centriol.. When the cel. is about to divide, the centriol.s dupl.cate themsel.es. At the same time, the DNA within the chromosome dupl.cates itsel.. The centriol. pair, now two pairs, then separate with one pair migrating about the nucl.us to the diametrical.y opposite side. The original.and migrated centriol. then emit l.ng strands known as microtubul.s across the nucl.us. Simil.rl., the chromosome emits l.ng strands known as kinetochores. The microtubul.s and the kinetochores are perpendicul.r to each other and they cover the nucl.us with a checkered appearance. The diametrical.y opposed centriol. then forms centrosomes which pul. the nucl.us apart. The two nucl.ar parts then separate with each part taking with its hal. of the remainder of the cel. (the cytopl.sm) and thus two virtual.y identical.cel.s are attained. The significance of this paper is that it provides the reader with a condensed summary of the l.fe-dependent process known as cel. division.

关键词： Cel. Division Nucl.us Centrosome Chromosome

Using the El.ctromagnetics of Cancer’s Centrosome Cl.sters to Attract Therapeutic Nanoparticl.s

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2015年第3期6卷 172-181页

作者： ronald l. huston Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

This paper summarizes recent research findings concerning centriol.s, centriol. dupl.cation, centriol. overdupl.cation, supernumerary centriol.s, centrosomes, and centrosome ampl.fication. The paper then discusses the status of ongoing research on the use of nanoparticl.s for cancer treatment. The research findings show that a centriol. produces an el.ctromagnetic fiel. apparentl. due to the l.ngitudinal.oscil.ation of its microtubul.s (MTs). A cl.ster of centriol.s is therefore presumed to produce an enhanced el.ctromagnetic fiel.. Individual.centriol.s are immersed in a cl.ud of el.ctron-dense material.(proteins) which together with the centriol.s is known as the centrosome. A cl.ster of centriol.s thus produces a cl.ster of centrosomes—a hal.mark of cancer cel.s. With enhanced el.ctromagnetic fiel.s, centrosome cl.sters provide an attraction for magnetical.y charged nanoparticl.s. These nanoparticl.s however are not attracted to normal.cel.s which with onl. two (or at most four) centriol.s, have a weaker magnetic fiel.. The idea is simpl.: Magnetized and therapeutic nanoparticl.s are directed toward tumors and then attracted to the centrosome cl.sters of the tumor cel.s. Once inside the tumor cel.s, the nanoparticl.s can rel.ase their toxins.

关键词： Centriol.s Supernumerary Centriol.s Cel. El.ctromagnetism Theraputic Nanoparticl.s Tumorigenesis Cancer

Chromosomes and Centrosomes—Team Pl.yers in Cel. Division

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2020年第1期11卷 1-5页

作者： ronald l. huston Department of Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This paper provides a mid-l.vel.description of cel. division and dupl.cation. The focus is on the rol.s by the chromosomes, centrosomes, microtubul.s and the kinetochores. The emphasis is on the mechanical.activity and the resul.ing physical.devel.pments. The paper al.o provides, in its discussion, the harmful.effects occurring when dupl.cation procedures go awry. This often l.ads to unwanted dupl.cation and possibl. cancer.

关键词： Chromosome Centrosome Centriol. Mitosis

Gödel.Is Right: There Is No Quantum Gravity

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2018年第5期6卷 979-981页

作者： ronald l. huston Department of Mechanical.and Material. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

Using two mathematical.model., this paper points out fundamental.differences between gravity and the other three fundamental.forces (strong and weak nucl.ar forces and el.ctromagnetic forces). These differences make untenabl. a reconcil.ation between gravity and the other forces. In concl.sion, there is no quantum gravity and consequentl., no gravitation-l.ke particl.s.

关键词： Gravity Quantum Gravity Geometry

A Real.l.fe Picture of the Origin of a Tumor

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2018年第8期9卷 373-377页

作者： ronald l. huston Department of Mechanical.and Material.Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

This paper provides an expl.cit representation of mal.gnant cel. division. To put this in perspective, the paper al.o provides a summary review of cel.ul.r division and dupl.cation. Final.y, a theory of tumor/cancer i... 详细信息

关键词： Tumor Devel.pment Cancer Breast Cancer Cel. Division

Is osteoporosis systemic?

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2013年第4期4卷 531-538页

作者： ronald l. huston Kenneth l. Weiss Rutvij Kotecha Mina Dimov Material.Science and Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA Neuroimaging Research and Radiol.gy University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson USA School.of Dynamic Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The titl. question is investigated by comparing resul.s of a series of bone strength tests of l.mbar vertebrae (l. and l.) and right wrists (distal.radii) of nine cadavers. The paper describes the specimen preparation, the testing, and the anal.sis procedures. The resul.s show that there is a correl.tion between the strengths of the l.mbar and wrist specimens for the individual.cadavers, suggesting that bone integrity is indeed systemic.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone Mineral Density Bone Fracture Bone Strength