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Fat:A matter of disturbance for the immune system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 476-4772页

作者： Alessandro Federico Elena D’Aiuto Francesco Borriello Giusi Barra Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Marco romano Raffaele De Palma Section of Gastroenterology Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples Section of Clinical Immunology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Second University of Naples

Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. There is compelling evidence that both overnutrition and undernutrition negatively interfere with the immune system. Overnutrition has been found to increase susceptibility to the development of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the regulation of immune and in? ammatory processes, white adipose tissue plays a critical role, not only as an energy store but also as an important endocrine organ. The obese state is characterised by a low-grade systemic in? ammation, mainly as a result of increased adipocytes as well as fat resident-and recruited-macrophage activity. In the past few years, various products of adipose tissue including adipokines and cytokines have been characterised and a number of pathways linking adipose tissue metabolism with the immune system have been identified. Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in hepatic steatosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a wide spectrum of diseases, from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis in the absence of signif icant alcohol consumption. Although steatosis is considered a non-progressive disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis may deteriorate in advanced chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important parallel between obesityrelated pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages, and growing evidence suggests that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a close link between specif ic immune activation and atherosclerosis has been well established, suggesting that fat can directly trigger immune responses. This review discusses the role of fat as "a matter of disturbance for the immune system" with a focus on hepat

关键词： Adipocytokine Adipose tissue Fat Immune system Kupffer cell Natural killer Steatosis

Branching patterns of the left portal vein and consequent implications in liver surgery:The left anterior sector

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 399-402页

作者： Mattia Garancini Mauro Alessandro Scotti Luca Gianotti Antonio Rovere Fabio Uggeri Marco Braga Fabrizio romano Unit of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department of General Surgery 1ASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalMilano-Bicocca Universityvia Pergolesi 3320900 MonzaMBItaly Unit of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyASST-MonzaSan Gerardo HospitalMilano-Bicocca Universityvia Pergolesi 3320900 MonzaMBItaly

To the Editor: There are still some open issues about the systematization of the knowledge of the branching of the left portal vein(LPV) and the division in anatomo-functional units within the left liver. The first controversial topic concerns the division of S4 in subsegments. The Brisbane 20 0 0 system of Nomenclature of Hepatic Anatomy and Resections(B20 0 0) [1] does not mention such subdivision, but in literature this is still a matter of discussion.

关键词： branching portal discussion

Influence of colour changes and moisture content during banana drying on laser backscattering

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第2期3卷 46-51页

作者： Giuseppe romano Dimitrios Argyropoulos Klaus Gottschalk Emanuele Cerruto Joachim Müller Institute of Agricultural Engineering University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany Leibniz-Institute of Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim ATBGermany Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Agricultural SciencesCataniaItaly

Pre-drying treatments are frequently employed to preserve fruit *** objective of this research was to monitor colour changes of banana during drying by laser backscattering and to determine the influence of the fruit discolouration on the light distribution into banana ***,to examine the influence of drying on the laser backscatter,the relationship between moisture content and relative laser area of banana slices was analyzed with different degrees of colour *** experiments were conducted at drying air temperature of 63℃with various pre-treatments like chilling,soaking in ascorbic/citric acid and dipping in distilled *** untreated sample was used as a control.A laser diode emitting at 670 nm with 3 mW power was used as light *** backscattering relative laser area was used as an indicator for the light absorption into the *** high result achieved on coefficient of determination R^(2)(>0.93)confirmed linear relationship between relative laser area and moisture *** with ascorbic acid gave the best prediction of the moisture content with the standard error of 5.7 and 8.8 for the estimated intercept and *** results showed a significant difference of lightness(L*values)during drying according to the different *** a result,colour degradation did not have a significant influence on the absorption of light at 670 nm wavelength.

关键词： musa x paradisiaca colour change banana drying pre-treatment relative laser area backscattering

Determination of surface color of‘all yellow’mango cultivars using computer vision

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 42-50页

作者： Marcus Nagle Kiatkamjon Intani Giuseppe romano Busarakorn Mahayothee Vicha Sardsud Joachim Müller Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversität HohenheimGarbenstrasse 9Stuttgart70599Germany Department of Food Technology Faculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom73000Thailand School of Agro-Industry Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100 Thailand

Image processing techniques are increasingly applied in sorting applications of agricultural *** work has assessed the use of image processing for inspecting surface color of two Thai mango cultivars.A computer vision system(CVS)was developed and experiments were conducted to monitor peel color change during the ripening *** of RGB to CIE-LAB values was done via image processing and prediction models were developed to estimate color parameters from CVS *** evaluations showed insufficient prediction for L values(R2=0.42-0.58),but better results for A and B values(R2=0.90-0.95 and 0.80-0.82,respectively).Compared to the calculated color values hue angle and chroma,a yellowness index computed from intermediate XYZ values was found to be much more adept at accurately predicting peel color from CVS *** were strong for both cultivars(R2=0.93 for‘Nam Dokmai’and R2=0.95 for‘Maha Chanok’).Results from classification analysis indicated satisfactory results for classifying fruits according to ripeness based on *** rates of true positives in the categories unripe,ripe and overripe ranged 72%-92%for‘Nam Dokmai’and 98%-100%for‘Maha Chanok’.Therefore,it was shown that the CVS was capable of producing accurate color values for the two mango cultivars *** findings of this study can be incorporated for development of a robust system for quality prediction and establishment of a CVS for automatic grading and sorting of mangos.

关键词： mango peel color computer vision image processing fruit quality Thailand

Predation risk affects egg mass but not egg steroid hormone concentrations in yellow-legged gulls

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 401-408页

作者： Cristina Daniela Possenti Alexandra Bea Bentz Andrea romano Marco Parolini Manuela Caprioli Diego Rubolini Kristen Navara Nicola Saino Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan Via Giovanni Celoria 26 Milano 20133 Italy Department of Agricultural and Environ mental Sciences Un iversity of Georgia 203 Poultry Science Building Athens GA 30602 USA

Predators have both direct, consumptive effects on their prey and non-lethal effects on physiology and behavior, including reproductive decisions, with cascading effects on prey ecology and evol tion. Here, we experime ntally tested such non-lethal effects of exposure to in creased predati on risk on clutch size, egg mass, and the concentration of yolk steroid hormones in the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis. We simulated increased predation risk by displaying stuffed predators (adult fox Vulpes vulpes, and adult buzzard Buteo buteo) to breeding adults before egg laying. The concentration of corticosterone, which has bee n show n to in crease un der exposure to mater nal predati on risk in other species, and of testosterone did not differ between eggs from mothers exposed to the predators and eggs from control mothers (i.e., eggs exposed to a novel object of similar size and position to the stuffed predators). The concentration of the two hormones negatively covaried. Clutch size did not vary according to experimental treatment, whereas egg mass was markedly larger in clutches from n ests exposed to predators than in clutches from control n ests. By in creasing egg mass, mothers may reduce the risk of cooling of the eggs when incubation is impeded by predators, boost energy reserves, reduce post-natal detectability caused by food solicitation, and/ or enha nee developme nt at hatchi ng, thus increasing the cha nces of offspri ng survival. In general, our results are inconsistent with most of the few previous studies on similar non-lethal predator effects and suggest that such effects may vary among species according to ecological conditions, social behavior, and developmental mode.

关键词： clutch size corticosterone egg size predation effects testosterone

Differential gene expression between squamous cell carcinoma of esophageus and its normal epithelium; altered pattern of mal,akrlc2, and rablla expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第12期10卷 1716-1721页

作者： Sakineh Kazemi-Noureini Sergio Colonna-romano Abed-Ali Ziaee Mohammad-Ali Malboobi Mansour Yazdanbod Parviz Setayeshgar Bruno Maresca Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of TehranTehranIran PO Box:13145-1384 International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics National Research CouncilVia Marconi 1280125 NaplesItaly National Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(NRCGEB) TehranIran Shanati Hospital Department of SurgeryMedical University of TehranTehranIran Pathology department Madaen HospitalTehranIran and University of Salerno School of PharmacyDept.Pharmaceutical SciencesFiscianoSalernoItaly

AIM: To identify the altered gene expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (ESCC) in relation to adjacent normal esophageal epithelium. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted using SV total RNA isolation kit from snap frozen tissues of ESCC samples and normal esophageal epithelium far from the tumor. Radio-labeled cDNA were synthesized from equal quantities of total RNAs of tumor and normal tissues using combinations of 24 arbitrary 13-mer primers and three different anchoring oligo-dT primers and separated on sequencing gels. cDNA with considerable different amounts of signals in tumor and normal tissue were reamplified and cloned. Using southern blot, the clones of each band were controlled for false positive results caused by probable heterogeneity of cDNA population with the same size. Clones that confirmed differential expression by slot blot selected for sequencing and northern analysis. Corresponding full-length gene sequences was predicted using human genome project data, related transcripts were translated and used for various protein/motif searches to speculate their probable functions. RESULTS: The 97 genes showed different levels of cDNA in tumor and normal tissues of esophagus. The expression of mal gene was remarkably down. regulated in all 10 surveyed tumor tissues. Akrlc2, a member of the aldoketo reductase 1C family, which is involved in metabolism of sex hormones and xenobiotics, was up-regulated in 8 out of 10 inspected ESCC samples. Rablla, RPL7, and RPL28 showed moderate levels of differential expression. Many other cDNAs remained to further studies. CONCLUSION: The mal gene which is switched-off in all ESCC samples can be considered as a tumor suppressor gene that more studies in its regulation may lead to valuable explanations in ESCC development. Akrlc2 which is upregulated in ESCC probably plays an important role in tumor development of esophagus and may be proposed as a potential molecular target in ESCC treatments. Differentia

关键词：基因表达鳞状细胞癌上皮细胞家兔 ESCC 食管

Usefulness of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in addition to mesalazine in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第45期11卷 7118-7121页

作者： C romano S Cucchiara A Barabino V Annese C Sferlazzas SIGENP Italian Study Group of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pediatric Department University "La Sapienza" IRCCS G.Gaslini IRCCS University of Messina

AIM： To assess the value of long-chain w-3 fatty acids （FAs） supplementation in addition to amino-salicylic-acid （5-ASA） in pediatric patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD）. METHODS： Thirty-eight patients （20 males and 18 females, mean age 10.13 years, range 5-16 years） with CD in remission were randomized into two groups and treated for 12 too. Group Ⅰ （18 patients） received 5-ASA （50 mg/kg/d）＋w-3 FAs as triglycerides in gastroresistant capsules, 3 g/d （eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 400 mg/g, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 200 mg/g）. Group Ⅱ （20 patients） received 5-ASA （50 mg/kg/d）＋olive oil placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated for fatty acid incorporation in red blood cell membranes by gas chromatography at baseline 6 and 12 mo after the treatment. RESULTS： The number of patients who relapsed at 1 year was significantly lower in group I than in group Ⅱ （P〈0.001）. Patients in group I had a significant increase in the incorporation of EPA and DHA （P〈0.001） and a decrease in the presence of arachidonic acids. CONCLUSION： Enteric-coated w-3 FAs in addition to treatment with 5-ASA are effective in maintaining remission of pediatric CD.

关键词： Crohn's disease ω-3 fatty acids Remission maintenance Treatment

Influence of Radial Dimension and Electric Field on a Microwave-Assisted Esterification

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第11期14卷 497-509页

作者： Vittorio romano Rino Apicella Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Fisciano (SA) Italy

Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl hexanoate from hexanoic acid and ethanol in a solvent-free system, carried out at optimum conditions, has been modeled. The process follows a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi reaction rate and it is endothermic, so microwave heating is provided to prevent its shutdown. The mathematical model has been numerically solved with the FEM method. Results show that microwave heating can be successfully used to carry out this kind of reaction.

关键词： Enzymatic Kinetics Microwave Heating FEM

Effect of oral mesalamine on inflammatory response in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第27期21卷 8366-8372页

作者： Luca Nespoli Giulia Lo Bianco Fabio Uggeri Fabrizio romano Angelo Nespoli Davide Paolo Bernasconi Luca Gianotti Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine University of Milan-Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital Department of Health Sciences Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology University of Milan-Bicocca

AIM: To evaluate the impact of mesalamine administration on inflammatory response in acute uncomplicated ***: We conducted a single centre retrospective cohort study on patients admitted to our surgical department between January 2012 and May 2014 with a computed tomography-confirmed diagnosis of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. A total of 50 patients were included in the analysis, 20(study group) had received 3.2 g/d of mesalamine starting from the day of admission in addition to the usual standard treatment, 30(control group) had received standard therapy alone. Data was retrieved from a prospective database. Our primary study endpoints were: C reactive protein mean levels over time and their variation from baseline(ΔCRP) over the first three days of treatment. Secondary end points included: mean white blood cell and neutrophile count over time, time before regaining of regular bowel movements(passing of stools), time before reintroduction of food intake, intensity of lower abdominal pain over time, analgesic consumption and length of hospital ***: Patients characteristics and inflammatoryparameters were similar at baseline in the two groups. The evaluation of CRP levels over time showed, in treated patients, a distinct trend towards a faster decrease compared to controls. This difference approached statistical significance on day 2(mean CRP 6.0 +/- 4.2 mg/d L and 10.0 +/- 6.7 mg/d L respectively in study group vs controls, P = 0.055). ΔCRP evaluation evidenced a significantly greater increment of this inflammatory marker in the control group on day 1(P = 0.03). A similar trend towards a faster resolution of inflammation was observed evaluating the total white blood cell count. Neutrophile levels were significantly lower in treated patients on day 2 and on day 3(P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Mesalamine administration was also associated with an earlier reintroduction of food intake(median 1.5 d and 3 d, study group vs controls resp

关键词： Acute diverticulitis Inflammatory boweldisease 5-ASA benign colonic disease