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The Efficacy of Psychosocial Interventions for Adults in Contexts of Ongoing Man-Made Violence—A Systematic Review

Health 2014年第6期6卷 504-516页

作者： Kaz de j.ng j.roen W. Knipscheer Nathan Ford rolf j. kleber Department of Clinical and Health Psychology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Médecins sans Frontières Doctors without Borders (Amsterdam Office) Amsterdam The Netherlands Médecins sans Frontières Doctors without Borders (International Office) Geneva Switzerland

Compared to psychosocial programs implemented in post-conflict settings those executed in areas of ongoing conflicts may have different effects. Their evidence of efficacy has never been systematically reviewed. We searched PubMed, PsychInfo and the Dutch Tropical Institute Literature Portal from inception to31 j.nuary 2013 to identify studies on community-oriented psychosocial and psychiatric/clinical services for adults during ongoing manmade conflict or its direct aftermath. Of 6358 articles screened, 16 met our inclusion criteria. The interventions varied from psycho-educational to psychotropic drugs. The review is presented using outcome indicators such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, physical health, functioning and well being. A substantial improvement of some outcome was found though the small number of studies and their heterogeneity did not j.stify strong conclusions. PTSD symptoms improved significantly by treatments that included exposure (such as narrative exposure therapy). A number of studies (eight) showed notable improvement of the client’s functioning through counseling interventions. Depression and anxiety both improved considerably using that culturally adapted interventions (two studies), whereas non-culturalized interventions did not. We found a notable lack of studies on the efficacy of medication and on preferred western, evidence-based interventions for PTSD such Eye Movement Desensitization. To measure outcomes only two studies applied locally-developed diagnostic labels and validated instruments. Future research should encourage the use of robust research methods that are culturally valid, including mixed-methods research to combine measurable outputs with qualitative research aimed at improved understanding from the client’s perspective.

关键词： Psychosocial Mental Health Programmes Systematic Review Conflict Post-Conflict War Violence PTSD

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Effects of Gamma Irradiation for Sterilization on Aqueous Dispersions of Length Sorted Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2011年第4期4卷 393-404页

作者： j.ffrey A. Fagan Nancy j. Lin rolf Zeisler Angela R. Hight Walker Polymers Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Analytical Chemistry Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Optical Technology Division. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899. USA

There is currently great interest in the potential use of carbon nanotubes as delivery vessels for nanotherapeutics and other medical applications. However, no data are available on the effects of sterilization methods on the properties of nanotube dispersions, the form in which most medical applications will be processed. Here we show the effects of gamma irradiation from a 60Co source on the dispersion and optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous dispersion. Samples of different length-refined populations were sealed in ampoules and exposed to a dose of approximately 28 kGy, a level sufficient to ensure sterility of the dispersions. In contrast to literature results for solid-phase nanotube samples, the effects of gamma irradiation on the dispersion and optical properties of the nanotube samples were found to be minimal. Based on these results, gamma irradiation appears sufficiently non-destructive to be industrially useful for the sterilization of nanotube dispersions.

关键词： Nanotube single-wall nanotube (SWNT) single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) gamma irradiation sterilization dispersion

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Application of Electron Beam Surface Technologies in the Automotive Industry

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 573-578页

作者： rolf Zenker Anj. Buchwalder TU Bergakademie Freiberg /Zenker Consult Mittweida GermanyTU Bergakademie Freiberg Germany

Progress in the beam deflection technique opens up new possibilities for the application of electron beam (EB) surface and welding technologies in the automotive industry. This development is based on three-dimensional high-speed beam deflection and fully automatic online process control. So, in the EB surface treatment three-dimensional energy transfer fields can be realised which take into account the contour of a component, the conditions of heat conduction and the load conditions. High flexibility, precision and reproducibility are typical characteristics. High productivity is achieved by the simultaneous interaction of the EB in several processing areas or by carrying out several processes simultaneously. EB surface treatment is becoming more and more attractive and important especially in the automotive industry, and also in comparison to laser technologies. This paper deals with different EB surface technologies, for example hardening, remelting, surface alloying, dispersing or cladding of different materials such as steel, cast iron and different alloys of Al, Mg and Ti. Examples of applications in the automotive industry, especially engine components, will be discussed.

关键词：电子注铸铁 3D射束偏移表面热处理

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Life cycle and morphology of development stages of Physocephalus dromedarii (Nematoda: Spirocercidae)

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 825-829页

作者： rolf Karl Schuster Saritha Sivakumar j.rg Kinne Central Veterinary Research Laboratory

Obj.ctive: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final ***: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from naturally infected scarab beetles(Scarabaeus cristatus). The camels were necropsied 14, 42, 70, 84 and 280 days after infection and their abomasi were examined for the presence of ***: Early 4th stage larva occurred already 2 weeks after infection. They were still in the sheet of the 3rd stage larva. Six weeks after infection, the nematodes became j.venile male and female adults measuring 9 and 10 mm, respectively. Their size doubled at 10 weeks post infection and patency was reached at 12 weeks. P. dromedarii was still present in the camel that was examined 40 weeks after ***: As a result of experimental infection of the natural host, the determined prepatent period of P. dromedarii equalled 12 weeks.

关键词： Physocephalus dromedarii Nematoda Life cycle Dromedary Abomasum

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Uptake of U-and Th-series radionuclides by cereal crops in Upper Egypt

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2009年第2期20卷 99-105页

作者： SHABAN Harb rolf Michel Center for Radiation Protection and Radioecology Hanover University(ZSR) Physics Department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley University

The main aim of this study is to determine the activity concentrations of uranium series and thorium series radionuclide in crops cultivated in Upper *** types of cereal crops were collected from local markets and analyzed by γ-ray *** mean activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 238U,226Ra and 232Th were 0.67,1.27 and 0.56 Bq·kg-1,*** annual effective doses from these radionuclides were estimated for different age groups.

关键词：天然放射性核素谷类作物埃及 U型吸收 226Ra 作物栽培有效剂量

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Ischemic preconditioning-induced hyperperfusion correlates with hepatoprotection after liver resection

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2010年第15期16卷 1871-1878页

作者： Oleg Heizmann Georgios Meimarakis Andreas Volk Daniel Matz Daniel Oertli rolf j.Schauer Department of Surgery University Hospital Basel Department of Surgery Klinikum of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University-Grosshadern University of Munich Department of Surgery University Hospital of Dresden Department of Surgery Academic Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich

AIM:To characterize the impact of the Pringle ma-neuver (PM) and ischemic preconditioning (IP) on total blood supply to the liver following hepatectomies. METHODS: Sixty one consecutive patients who un-derwent hepatic resection under in flow occlusion were randomized either to receive PM alone (n = 31) or IP (10 min of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion) prior to PM (n = 30). Quantification of liver perfusion was measured by Doppler probes at the hepatic artery and portal vein at various time points after reperfusion of remnant livers. RESULTS: Occlusion times of 33 ± 12 min (mean ± SD) and 34 ± 14 min and the extent of resected liver tissue (2.7 segments) were similar in both groups. In controls (PM), on reperfusion of liver remnants for 15 min, portal perfusion markedly decreased by 29% while there was a slight increase of 8% in the arterial blood flow. In contrast, following IP + PM the portal vein flow remained unchanged during reperfusion and a significantly increased arterial blood flow (+56% vs baseline) was observed. In accordance with a better postischemic blood supply of the liver, hepatocellular inj.ry, as measured by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on day 1 was considerably lower in group B compared to group A (247 ± 210 U/I vs 550 ± 650 U/I, P < 0.05). Additionally, ALT levels were significantly correlated to the hepatic artery in ***: IP prevents postischemic flow reduction of the portal vein and simultaneously increases arterial perfusion, suggesting that improved hepatic macrocirculation is a protective mechanism following hepatectomy.

关键词： Ischemic preconditioning Reperfusion inj.ry Liver Surgery Liver blood flow

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Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Inj.ry: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Inj.ry

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j.urnal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： j.ng j.ng rolf Teschke Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina Integrative Medical Center 302 Military HospitalBeijingChina Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKlinikum HanauTeaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainHanau D-63450Germany

Cases of suspected herb-induced liver inj.ry(HILI)caused by herbal Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)and of druginduced liver inj.ry(DILI)are commonly published in the scientific literature *** opposed to the multiplicity of botanical chemicals in herbal TCM products,which are often mixtures of several herbs,conventional Western drugs contain only a single synthetic *** is therefore of interest to study how HILI by TCM and DILI compare with each other,and to what extent results from each liver inj.ry type can be transferred to the *** is among the few countries with a large population using synthetic Western drugs as well as herbal ***,China is well suited to studies of liver inj.ry comparing drugs with TCM *** some concordance,recent analyses of liver inj.ry cases with verified causality,using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method,revealed maj.r differences in HILI caused by TCMs as compared to DILI with respect to the following features:HILI cases are less frequently observed as compared to DILI,have a smaller proportion of females and less unintentional rechallenge events,and present a higher rate of hepatocellular inj.ry *** many results were obtained among Chinese residents who had access to and had used Western drugs and TCM herbs,such ethnic homogeneity supports the contention that the observed differences of HILI and DILI in the assessed population are well founded.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Herbal TCM hepatotoxicity Herb-induced liver inj.ry(HILI) Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) Drug-induced liver inj.ry(DILI)

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Parameterized Algorithmics for Computational Social Choice:Nine Research Challenges

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2014年第4期19卷 358-373页

作者： Robert Bredereck j.ehua Chen Piotr Faliszewski j.ong Guo rolf Niedermeier Gerhard j.Woeginger the Institut fr Softwaretechnik und Theoretische Informatik TU Berlin Berlin Germany AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland the Cluster of Excellence Multimodal Computing and Interaction Universitt des SaarlandesSaarbrcken Germany the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science TU Eindhoven Eindhoven The Netherlands

Computational Social Choice is an interdisciplinary research area involving Economics, Political Science,and Social Science on the one side, and Mathematics and Computer Science（including Artificial Intelligence and Multiagent Systems） on the other side. Typical computational problems studied in this field include the vulnerability of voting procedures against attacks, or preference aggregation in multi-agent systems. Parameterized Algorithmics is a subfield of Theoretical Computer Science seeking to exploit meaningful problem-specific parameters in order to identify tractable special cases of in general computationally hard problems. In this paper, we propose nine of our favorite research challenges concerning the parameterized complexity of problems appearing in this context. This work is dedicated to j.aner Chen, one of the strongest problem solvers in the history of parameterized algorithmics,on the occasion of his 60 th birthday.

关键词： NP-hard problems parameterized complexity fixed-parameter tractability kernelization exact algorithms voting decision making cake cutting

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Smoking and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for coronary artery spasm

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Chinese Medical j.urnal 2003年第4期116卷 510-513页

作者：向定成 Franz Xaver kleber Department of Cardiology Liuhuaqiao Hospital Department of Internal Medicine UKB Hospital

To investigate the role of coronary artery spasm in the etiology of chest pain lacking significant coronary stenosis and to identify the clinical risk factors related to coronary artery spasm Methods Two hundred and seventy five patients with chest pain, but without significant coronary artery stenosis underwent the intracoronary acetylcholine test Coronary artery spasm was diagnosed while coronary artery stenosis increased to 90% and was accompanied by the usual chest pain with or without ischemic changes on electrocardiogram Logistic regression was employed to investigate the relationships between coronary artery spasm and sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia and results of electrocardiographic treadmill stress te st Left ventricular ej.ction fraction and end diastolic pressure were compared between spasm group and non-spasm group Results Coronary artery spasm was detected in 103 out of 271 patients, a rate of 38% Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and hyperlipidemia increased the relative risk of coronary artery spasm 4 2 times and 2 3 times, respectively There was a significantly negative relationship between diabetes mellitus and coronary artery spasm Furthermore, there was no coronary artery spasm detected in left ventricular ej.ction fraction and end diastolic pressure Conclusions Coronary artery spasm was one of the important etiological factors for patients with chest pain but no coronary artery stenosis Smoking and hyperlipidemia were the main clinical risk factors for coronary artery spasm

关键词： coronary vasospasm risk factors angina pectoris Acetylcholine coronary angiography

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What did Sun Yat-sen really die of?A re-assessment of his illness and the cause of his death

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Chinese j.urnal of Cancer 2016年第9期35卷 485-489页

作者： rolf F.Barth j.e Chen Department of Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA. Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100730P.R.China.

This year is the 150 th anniversary of the birth of Sun Yat-sen(November 12, 1866) and the 91 st year following his death(March 12, 1925). It generally has been believed that the cause of his death was "liver cancer." However, as indicated in the oicial autopsy report, dated March 13, 1925, of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) in Beij.ng, the cause of his death in reality was an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with direct extension to the liver and diaphragm as well as widespread metastases to the peritoneal cavity. This important piece of information seems to have never been reported in the English language literature, and it was only in 2013 that the true cause of his death was stated in a one-line sentence in a non-medical Chinese online source. It had been mistakenly believed that the cause of Dr. Sun's death was liver cancer, based on the observations made following an exploratory laparotomy, which had been performed at PUMCH on j.nuary 26, 1925. The purpose of this short report is to provide more details relating to his terminal illness and to correct the historical record for a medical audience as to the cause of the death of Sun Yat-sen, a very important igure in the history of 20 th century China.

关键词： Sun 死因病情评估中国历史历史记录 sen 肺腺癌

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