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Comparison of Residential Energy Consumption in Different Geographical Areas and Relevance for Environmental Policy

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2013年第6期7卷 686-692页

作者： rolf Andre Bohne Lizhen Huang Annemie Wyckmans Department of Civil and Transport Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim 7491 Norway Department of Architectural Design History and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim 7491Norway

Residential energy consumption is varying considerably worldwide. In order to understand these variations, and thus design effective policies for energy reductions, one needs a better understanding of the different drivers behind these variations. A comparison of geographical areas with similar climate and socio-economic conditions has shown significant variations in residential energy consumption across otherwise comparable case studies. This research paper aims to identify cultural and historical parameters that contribute to these significant variations, including economic, environmental and social traditions related to local availability of natural resources. Furthermore, the transferability of these parameters is evaluated, taking into consideration local legislation and planning documents, and historic and socio-economic accessibility of resources. It is evaluated to which degree these parameters can be transferred and included into building assessment tools and policy documents for planning and transformation of sustainable urban neighborhoods.

关键词： Residential energy use income culture climate zones policy.

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低围压水平下砂的排水行为(英文)

青岛海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 2001年第3期31卷 441-447页

作者：杨少丽冯秀丽林霖 rolf Sandven 青岛海洋大学青岛266003 挪威科学技术大学

采用干样沉降法制备样品 ,选用静三轴仪对松砂和密砂样在 10 k Pa至 10 0 k Pa的低围压下的排水行为进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果作了橡皮膜校正 ,在围压为 10 k Pa的密砂实验中 ,轴向应力的校正值可达到 12 %。实验研究表明低围压下... 详细信息

采用干样沉降法制备样品 ,选用静三轴仪对松砂和密砂样在 10 k Pa至 10 0 k Pa的低围压下的排水行为进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果作了橡皮膜校正 ,在围压为 10 k Pa的密砂实验中 ,轴向应力的校正值可达到 12 %。实验研究表明低围压下松砂的剪胀性非常明显 ,且存在剪应力极值 ;围压越低 ,松砂和密砂的剪应力极值越小 ,达到最大剪应力所对应的剪应变越小。同时还表明低围压范围内相对密度不同 ,砂的应力应变特性不同 ;此外 ,低围压下砂的内摩擦角高于高围压下的值。

关键词：砂低围压剪胀性橡皮膜效应内摩擦角排水行为干样沉降法

Exergetic Efficiencies Evaluation of Flows and Operations on the Mechanical Extraction Process of <i>Jatropha curcas</i>Oil

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2019年第1期8卷 1-20页

作者： rolf Nirahina Rakoto Harifidy Hery Tiana Rakotondramiarana Institute for the Management of Energy (IME) University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

Jatropha curcas oil is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for rural areas due to its ease of production, which can be used as an alternative to diesel and fuel oil. The development of sustainable energy has been the issue of the discussion about biofuel production given the considerable consumption amount of fossil fuel during the transformation process. And any production process that consumes a lot of energy records a significant destruction of useful energy, which leads to thermodynamic inefficiencies of the process. Besides, the focus on environmental safety is gradually shifting towards energy efficiency in industrial processing. Exergetic analysis is an effective tool for measuring the performance of a production process since exergy is a quantity that measures energy quality. This study assesses the scale of resource degradation in Jatropha oil mechanical extraction processes and finds improving possible pretreatments options for more efficient production. Data from experiments combined with existing databases have permitted to establish the exergy flow balance at each stage of production. The process exergetic yield varies from 29.85% to 35.41% according to the chosen pretreatment process. Mass exergy accounts for 67% of incoming flows and, for outgoing flows, more than 60% is associated with the mass exergy generated by the process waste. The uncertainties analysis on the results was used to validate model results, and to visualize the minimum values for the most unfavorable cases and the maximum values when all the parameters are at their optimum values.

关键词： Jatropha Oil Extraction Process Exergetic Efficiency Pretreatment Mass Exergy

Importance of sulfate emission to sulfur deposition at urban and rural sites in China

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Importance of sulfate emission to sulfur deposition at urban...

The primary evolutionary relationship of the Mesozoic Coleoptera lower taxa in China

作者： rolf D.Vogt University of Oslo Department of Chemistry1033 Blindern0315 OsloNorway

Throughfall(TF) and wet only(WO) deposition *** SO and sulfate(SO) concentration in air at 4 urban and rural sites in southwestern China were monitored in order to understand the role of different forms of sulfur(S) emission to the S deposition and its effect in *** sites were located in Chongqing,Hunan,and Guizhou provinces.S deposition at the most polluted site reached 15 g S m *** three of the sites,located in the vicinity of several emission sources,dry S deposition is 2.1-4.2 times that of wet deposition,which is significantly higher than what is found in most other parts of the world. Main components in airborne particles(PM) are(NH)SO and CaSO at the highly polluted Tie Shan Ping(TSP) *** particles of gypsum(CaSO) in the air are partly due to direct emission and partly from the reaction of calcium oxides and carbonates with sulfuric acid in the *** illustrate the importance of sulfate emission to total S deposition we analyzed the source of S deposition based on both measurements and *** indicated that direct emission of SO particles could,account for high proportion in total S deposition at the three most polluted sites.

关键词： Sulfur deposition Gypsum Throughfall Wet only CMAQ

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The primary evolutionary relationship of the Mesozoic Coleop...

中国古生物学会第26届学术年会

作者： rolf G. Beutel Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Germany

Mesozoic Coleoptera insect evolution is a very important link *** non-marine Mesozoic deposits in China often contain abundant archostematan and adephagan fossils with significance for *** fossil resources can be read... 详细信息

关键词： Coleoptera Archostemata Adephaga fossil new species Mesozoic China

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土的周期加载实验的研究(英文)

青岛海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 2000年第4期30卷 655-667页

作者：杨作升杨少丽 rolf Sandven 青岛海洋大学河口海岸带研究所青岛266003 挪威科学技术大学岩土工程系

作者对室内土的周期加载实验进行了较全面的综述。包括实验设备、方法、结果及分析模型 ,并对以后的研究提出建议。随着海上石油的开发及海岸构筑物的建设 ,迫切需要对海底土动力学特性进行研究。掌握目前世界在这一领域的研究现状有助... 详细信息

作者对室内土的周期加载实验进行了较全面的综述。包括实验设备、方法、结果及分析模型 ,并对以后的研究提出建议。随着海上石油的开发及海岸构筑物的建设 ,迫切需要对海底土动力学特性进行研究。掌握目前世界在这一领域的研究现状有助于在高超点上开展创新工作和解关键问题。

关键词：周期加载试验室内土海底土动力学动三轴实验

Design and Optimization in Organic Synthesis, Volume 24: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition (Data Handling in Science and Technology) 2nd

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Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders

丛书名： Data handling in science and technology,

2005年

作者： rolf Carlson, Johan E. Carlson

ISBN: (数字)9780080455273

ISBN: (纸本)0444515275

Revised, and updated Design and Optimization in Organic Synthesis presents strategies to explore experimental conditions and methodologies for systematic studies of entire reaction systems (substrates, reagent(s), catalyst(s), and solvents). Chemical phenomena are not usually the result of a single factor and this book describes how statistically designed methods can be used to analyse and evaluate synthetic procedures. The methodology is based on multivariate statistical techniques. The accompanying CD contains data tables and programmes. This book is essential reading for anyone working in process design and development in fine chemicals or the pharmaceutical industry, and is suitable for those with no experience in the field.* Contains recalculated models and redrawn figures, as well as new chapters on for example, the design of combinatorial libraries * Presents strategies to explore experimental conditions and methodologies* Enables the analysis and prediction of the best synthetic procedures

关键词： Organic compoundsSynthesis.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 4466-4490页

作者： rolf Teschke Albrecht Wolff Christian Frenzel Axel Eickhoff Johannes Schulze Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Klinikum Hanau Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesFriedrich Schiller University Jena Department of Medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Institute of Industrial Environmental and Social Medicine Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main

Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in Pub Med and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmaticmodern medicine by bridging the gap be

关键词： Evidence based trials Traditional Chinesemedicine Herbal traditional Chinese medicine Gastrointestinaldisorders

Static Var Compensator to Increase the Availability of a Colombian Oil Field

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第6期6卷 978-983页

作者： rolf Gruenbaum Jon Rasmussen Femando Bonilla Mauricio Canal FACTS Division ABB AB Vasteras SE-721 69 Sweden Grid Systems Division ABB Inc Saint-Laurent H4S 1A6 Canada Power Supply and Reliability Division Occidental de Colombia Bogota Colombia Electrical Interconnections Division ISA Medellin PO Box 8915 Colombia

The paper describes the application of a static var compensator to improve the electrical system of the ACN （Cravo Norte Association） oil field in Colombia. The paper summarizes the application, including system aspects that require special control functions in the SVC （static var compensator） regulator. Several important benefits for the system operation are demonstrated, such as increased power transmission import over an existing 230 kV network, dynamic bus voltage stabilization for various load conditions, including system outages and load rejection, and reduction of variable speed drive shutdowns by up to 95%. Some relevant design features of the SVC are treated, as well.

关键词： Dynamic voltage control reactive power negative phase sequence control RTDS SVC thyristor controlled reactor.