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Natural End Member Samples of Pyrope and Grossular:A Cathodoluminescence-Microscopy and-Spectra Case Study

Journal of Earth Science 2018年第5期29卷 989-1004页

作者： Hans-Peter Schertl Joana Polednia rolf d.neuser Arne P.Willner Ruhr-University Bochum Institute of GeologyMineralogy and GeophysicsD-44780 BochumGermany College of Earth Science&Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universitat BayreuthD-95440 BayreuthGermany

Garnet is one of the most significant minerals in metamorphic rocks, that provides key information on prograde, peak-metamorphic and retrograde parts of the pressure-temperature （PT） path. Such results require a detailed knowledge of its different growth domains. For iron-poor compositions, the cathodoluminescence （CL） microscopy is an important and often overlooked method and allows to identify the internal structures of all garnet grains in one thin section within only a few seconds. The advantage of the CL-microscope is to deliver low magnification images in true color, not only of garnet but also, for instance, of other rock forming silicates, carbonates, sulfates, etc., of metamorphic, but also of sedimentary and magmatic origin, using polished thin sections. Internal structures of grossular from Mexico and pyrope from the Italian Alps were characterized and visualized by CL-microscopy. The different growth domains were additionally studied using CL-spectra and electron microprobe （EMP） analysis. Grossular shows a patchy zonation in its core while in mantle and rim zones oscillatory zoning is observed. It contains zones of anomalous birefringence, zones of orange and bluish luminescence and zones lacking luminescence. different but low amounts of the activator elements Mn2＋ and Eu2＋ are responsible for the orange and bluish luminescent domains. Pyrope is also characterized by oscillatory growth zones, shows a dull luminescent core with a change of crystal morphology during growth, and displays an increase of brightness from core towards rim--the outermost rim, however, is lacking luminescence. The different luminescent zones are characterized by different amounts of dy3＋, Tb3＋, Sm3＋ and Sm2＋ as activator elements. Because of slow diffusion rates of activators such as the REEs Sm, dy and Tb, it can be still possible to visualize possible prograde and/or peak pressure stage growth domains of garnet, even if later high temperature events may have homogenized the m

关键词： pyrope grossular cathodoluminescence (CL) oscillatory zoning REE CL-spectra.

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Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 757-764页

作者： Yan Lin Thorjorn Larssen rolf d. Vogt Xinbin Feng Hua Zhang department of Chemistry University of Oslo POB 1033 0315 Oslo Norway. E-mail:yan.lin@kjemi.uio.no Norwegian Institute for Water Research Gaustadalleen 21 0349 Oslo Norway State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury （Hg）. Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runoff. Samples were taken during different flow regimes in the Wanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg （THg） in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions （e.g., Cl-, F-, NO3- and SO4^2-） were lower during higher flow due to dilution. due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels （〈 50 ng/L） within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction （dHg）（using Visual MINTEQ） showed that Hg（OH）2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan （over 95%）.

关键词： mercury hydrology temporal variation fractionation and speciation

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Application of Electron Beam Surface Technologies in the Automotive Industry

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 573-578页

作者： rolf Zenker Anja Buchwalder TU Bergakademie Freiberg /Zenker Consult Mittweida GermanyTU Bergakademie Freiberg Germany

Progress in the beam deflection technique opens up new possibilities for the application of electron beam (EB) surface and welding technologies in the automotive industry. This development is based on three-dimensional high-speed beam deflection and fully automatic online process control. So, in the EB surface treatment three-dimensional energy transfer fields can be realised which take into account the contour of a component, the conditions of heat conduction and the load conditions. High flexibility, precision and reproducibility are typical characteristics. High productivity is achieved by the simultaneous interaction of the EB in several processing areas or by carrying out several processes simultaneously. EB surface treatment is becoming more and more attractive and important especially in the automotive industry, and also in comparison to laser technologies. This paper deals with different EB surface technologies, for example hardening, remelting, surface alloying, dispersing or cladding of different materials such as steel, cast iron and different alloys of Al, Mg and Ti. Examples of applications in the automotive industry, especially engine components, will be discussed.

关键词：电子注铸铁 3d射束偏移表面热处理

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Trace metal concentrations in hairs of three bat species from an urbanized area in Germany

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 184-193页

作者： Lucie Flache Sezin Czarnecki rolf-Alexander düring Uwe Kierdorf Jorge A.Encarna??o Mammalian Ecology Group Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics Justus Liebig University Giessen Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation Justus Liebig University Giessen department of Biology University of Hildesheim

Metal-contaminated soils and sediments are widespread in urbanized areas due to atmospheric deposition close to emission sources. These metals are bio-available for organisms, e.g., insects, and accumulate in food chains of insectivorous *** bats, which live in urban regions and ingest large amounts of food relative to their body mass, are at risk of being poisoned due to the accumulation of trace metals. To determine species-specific trace metal contents in bats from urban environments, hair samples were analyzed by ICP-OES. Observed trace metal concentrations were related to species-specific foraging habitat, prey spectrum and degree of synanthropy. The species studied were Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Myotis daubentonii and Nyctalus noctula. P. pipistrellus showed the highest concentrations of lead and zinc and slightly higher concentrations of cadmium than the other two species, which was related to its high degree of synanthropy with foraging habitat mostly located in cities. In contrast, N. noctula displayed the highest contents of manganese and copper. The reason might be found in its prey spectrum, as N. noctula feeds mainly on beetles that are caught in cultured areas. Trace metal concentrations determined in hair samples of M. daubentonii ranged between the values of P. pipistrellus and N. noctula, probably reflecting an intermediate level of *** correlations were observed between the concentrations of cadmium and lead and those of manganese and copper. Hair samples from bats are suitable monitoring tools to study trace metal exposure and can be used to determine differences in trace metal levels between species.

关键词： Trace metals Urban bats Foraging habitat Prey spectrum Synanthropy ICP-OES

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Equal-Time Transport Theory for Scalar Particles with Width

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第5期16卷 330-332页

作者： ZHUANG Peng-fei rolf Fauser department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Theoretical Physics Group Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschang GSID-64291 DarmstadtGermany

For a Ф^(4)-theory the equal-time transport theory is derived with a collision term by including 4-point *** aћexpansion a set of coupled equations is presented for the first three energy moments of the Wigner functions and the 4-point *** presence of 4-point *** limit n→0 is *** the collision term leads already in this limit to particles with width.

关键词： limit collision theory

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A Self-consistent Treatment of disoriented Chiral Condensates

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Chinese Physics Letters 1998年第10期15卷 708-710页

作者： ZHUANG Peng-fei rolf Fauser department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Theoretical Physics Group Gesellschaft fr Schwerionenforschung GSID-64291 DarmstadtGermany

A system with disoriented chiral condensates(dCCs)is considered in the presence of residual thermal pion *** self-consistently solving the coupled equations for the condensates,the thermal pion distributions,and the s... 详细信息

关键词： neutral Chiral thermal

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Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with drug-induced Liver Injury

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： Jing Jing rolf Teschke Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina Integrative Medical Center 302 Military HospitalBeijingChina department of Internal Medicine II Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKlinikum HanauTeaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainHanau D-63450Germany

Cases of suspected herb-induced liver injury(HILI)caused by herbal Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)and of druginduced liver injury(dILI)are commonly published in the scientific literature *** opposed to the multiplicity of botanical chemicals in herbal TCM products,which are often mixtures of several herbs,conventional Western drugs contain only a single synthetic *** is therefore of interest to study how HILI by TCM and dILI compare with each other,and to what extent results from each liver injury type can be transferred to the *** is among the few countries with a large population using synthetic Western drugs as well as herbal ***,China is well suited to studies of liver injury comparing drugs with TCM *** some concordance,recent analyses of liver injury cases with verified causality,using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method,revealed major differences in HILI caused by TCMs as compared to dILI with respect to the following features:HILI cases are less frequently observed as compared to dILI,have a smaller proportion of females and less unintentional rechallenge events,and present a higher rate of hepatocellular injury *** many results were obtained among Chinese residents who had access to and had used Western drugs and TCM herbs,such ethnic homogeneity supports the contention that the observed differences of HILI and dILI in the assessed population are well founded.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Herbal TCM hepatotoxicity Herb-induced liver injury(HILI) Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) drug-induced liver injury(dILI)

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Evaluating Local Approximations of the L^(2)-Orthogonal Projection Between Non-Nested Finite Element Spaces

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第3期7卷 288-316页

作者： Thomas dickopf rolf Krause Universit`a della Svizzera italiana(USI University of Lugano)Institute of Computational ScienceVia G.Buffi 136904 LuganoSwitzerland

We present quantitative studies of transfer operators between finite element spaces associated with unrelated *** local approximations of the global L^(2)-orthogonal projection are reviewed and evaluated *** numerical studies in 3d provide the first estimates of the quantitative differences between a range of transfer operators between non-nested finite element *** consider the standard finite element interpolation,Cl´ement’s quasi-interpolation with different local polynomial degrees,the global L^(2)-orthogonal projection,a local L^(2)-quasi-projection via a discrete inner product,and a pseudo-L^(2)-projection defined by a Petrov-Galerkin variational equation with a discontinuous test *** their qualitative and quantitative behaviors in this computational way is interesting per se;it could also be relevant in the context of discretization and solution techniques which make use of different non-nested *** turns out that the pseudo-L^(2)-projection approximates the actual L^(2)-orthogonal projection *** obtained results seem to be largely independent of the underlying computational domain;this is demonstrated by four examples(ball,cylinder,half torus and Stanford Bunny).

关键词： Finite elements unstructured meshes non-nested spaces transfer operators interpolation projection

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Approximation Algorithms for 3d Orthogonal Knapsack

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 749-762页

作者： Florian diedrich rolf Harren Klaus Jansen Ralf Thle Henning Thomas Institute of Computer Science University of Kiel Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Campus E1466123 Saarbrücken Germany department of Computer Science ETH ZurichZurich Switzerland

We study non-overlapping axis-parallel packings of 3d boxes with profits into a dedicated bigger box where rotation is either forbidden or permitted, and we wish to maximize the total profit. Since this optimization problem is NP-hard, we focus on approximation algorithms. We obtain fast and simple algorithms for the non-rotational scenario with approximation ratios 9 ＋ ε and 8 ＋ ε, as well as an algorithm with approximation ratio 7 ＋ ε that uses more sophisticated techniques; these are the smallest approximation ratios known for this problem. Furthermore, we show how the used techniques can be adapted to the case where rotation by 90° either around the z-axis or around all axes is permitted, where we obtain algorithms with approximation ratios 6 ＋ ε and 5 ＋ ε, respectively. Finally our methods yield a 3d generalization of a packability criterion and a strip packing algorithm with absolute approximation ratio 29/4, improving the previously best known result of 45/4.

关键词： approximation algorithm computational and structural complexity geometric configurations

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催化吲哚生成靛蓝的细胞色素P450BM-3定向进化研究

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2005年第7期32卷 630-635页

作者：李红梅梅乐和 URLACHER VLAdA SCHMId rolf d 浙江大学化学工程与生物工程系杭州310027 Institute of Technical Biochemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

以催化吲哚产生的靛蓝在630nm处具有特殊的吸收峰为高通量筛选指标,将来源于Bacillusmegaterium的细胞色素P450BM-3单加氧酶的基因序列用易错聚合酶链式反应进行定向进化,通过多轮突变,在原有的能产靛蓝的高活力突变酶的基础上成功获得... 详细信息

以催化吲哚产生的靛蓝在630nm处具有特殊的吸收峰为高通量筛选指标,将来源于Bacillusmegaterium的细胞色素P450BM-3单加氧酶的基因序列用易错聚合酶链式反应进行定向进化,通过多轮突变,在原有的能产靛蓝的高活力突变酶的基础上成功获得了三个高于亲本酶的突变酶,突变酶的酶活分别是亲本酶的6.6倍(hml001),9.6倍(hml002)和5.3倍(hml003),并对突变酶的动力学参数进行了分析.突变酶dNA测序的结果表明,hml001含有一个有义氨基酸置换I39V,hml002含有三个有义氨基酸置换d168N,A225V,K440N,hml003含有一个有义氨基酸置换E435d,这些突变位点有些远离底物结合部位,有些位于底物结合部位.

关键词：细胞色素P450BM-3 定向进化靛蓝易错聚合酶链式反应催化活性

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