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Ischemic preconditioning-induced hyperperfusion correlates with hepatoprotection after liver resection

World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第15期16卷 1871-1878页

作者： Oleg Heizmann Georgios Meimarakis Andreas Volk Daniel Matz Daniel Oertli rolf j schauer Department of Surgery University Hospital Basel Department of Surgery Klinikum of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University-Grosshadern University of Munich Department of Surgery University Hospital of Dresden Department of Surgery Academic Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich

AIM:To characterize the impact of the Pringle ma-neuver (PM) and ischemic preconditioning (IP) on total blood supply to the liver following hepatectomies. METHODS: Sixty one consecutive patients who un-derwent hepatic resection under in flow occlusion were randomized either to receive PM alone (n = 31) or IP (10 min of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion) prior to PM (n = 30). Quantification of liver perfusion was measured by Doppler probes at the hepatic artery and portal vein at various time points after reperfusion of remnant livers. RESULTS: Occlusion times of 33 ± 12 min (mean ± SD) and 34 ± 14 min and the extent of resected liver tissue (2.7 segments) were similar in both groups. In controls (PM), on reperfusion of liver remnants for 15 min, portal perfusion markedly decreased by 29% while there was a slight increase of 8% in the arterial blood flow. In contrast, following IP + PM the portal vein flow remained unchanged during reperfusion and a significantly increased arterial blood flow (+56% vs baseline) was observed. In accordance with a better postischemic blood supply of the liver, hepatocellular injury, as measured by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on day 1 was considerably lower in group B compared to group A (247 ± 210 U/I vs 550 ± 650 U/I, P < 0.05). Additionally, ALT levels were significantly correlated to the hepatic artery in ***: IP prevents postischemic flow reduction of the portal vein and simultaneously increases arterial perfusion, suggesting that improved hepatic macrocirculation is a protective mechanism following hepatectomy.

关键词： Ischemic preconditioning Reperfusion injury Liver Surgery Liver blood flow

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Towards greener polymers:Trends in the German chemical industry

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Green Carbon 2024年第1期2卷 33-44页

作者： Adam W.Franz Stefan Buchholz rolf W.Albach rolf Schmid BASF SE Ludwigshafen 67056Germany Evonik Operations GmbH Hanau 63457Germany Association for Chemistry and Economics German Chemical SocietyFrankfurt am Main 60444Germany Stuttgart University and Bio4Business Stuttgart 70569Germany

Global plastics production is expected to exceed 400 million tons and reach 600 million tons by *** synthesis currently accounts for approximately 3%of global greenhouse gas *** 60%of all polymers are produced for *** include shopping bags,packaging materials,mulch films,and soluble polymers for cosmetics and other ***,only a portion of single-use plastic is recycled or disposed of in incinerators or *** estimated 20%is not disposed of properly and pollutes the global environment,especially the *** response to these challenges,the United Nations,European Union,and many nation-states are developing regulatory frameworks that encourage the chemical industry to produce plastics with a smaller environmental footprint and often support this through research *** solutions include:(1)the use of green energy,green hydrogen,bio-based feedstocks,or CO_(2) in synthesis;(2)the reuse or recycling of plastics through conversion or pyrolysis;and(3)the production of biodegradable *** German chemical industry contributes approximately one-third of polymer production in the *** is embedded in the EU regulatory and research landscape and anchored in the European Green Deal,which aims for carbon neutrality by *** this paper,we describe how BASF and Evonik,two leading German chemical companies with strong but different polymer portfolios,respond to the call for greener polymers and how technologies are being developed to make polyurethanes,a particularly important and difficult-to-recycle family of elastomers and duromers,renewable and *** the environmental footprint of plastics requires not only innovative materials but also proper governance,regulatory and collection systems,and public willingness to *** an international comparison of these competencies,expressed by the"polymer management index"(PMI),Germany achieved a top position.

关键词： Plastics recycling Biobased plastics Biodegradable plastics Polymer management index European Green Deal

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Origin of high particle number concentrations reaching the St. Louis, Midwest Supersite

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 219-231页

作者： Benjamin de Foy james j.schauer Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin

Ultrafine particles are associated with adverse health effects. Total Particle Number Concentration（TNC） of fine particles were measured during 2002 at the St. Louis — Midwest supersite. The time series showed overall low level with frequent large peaks. The time series was analyzed alongside criteria pollutant measurements and meteorological observations. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify further contributing factors and to determine the association of different pollutants with TNC levels. This showed the strong contribution of sulfur dioxide（SO2） and nitrogen oxides（NO x） to high TNC levels. The analysis also suggested that increased dispersion resulting from faster winds and higher mixing heights led to higher TNC levels. Overall, the results show that there were intense particle nucleation events in a SO2 rich plume reaching the site which contributed around 29% of TNC. A further 40% was associated with primary emissions from mobile sources. By separating the remaining TNC by time of day and clear sky conditions,we suggest that most likely 8% of TNC are due to regional nucleation events and 23% are associated with the general urban background.

关键词： Atmospheric aerosols Particle number concentrations Fine particles Sulfur dioxide plumes Mobile source emissions

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Considerations for bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3112-3119页

作者： George Boon-Bee Goh Philip R schauer Arthur j McCullough Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore 169608Singapore Bariatric and Metabolic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Pathobiology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

With the ever increasing global obesity pandemic, clinical burden from obesity related complications are anticipated in parallel. Bariatric surgery, a treatment approved for weight loss in morbidly obese patients, has reported to be associated with good outcomes, such as reversal of type two diabetes mellitus and reducing all-cause mortality on a long term basis. However, complications from bariatric surgery have similarly been reported. In particular, with the onslaught of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) epidemic, in associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, there is increasing prevalence of NAFLD related liver cirrhosis, which potentially connotes more risk of specific complications for surgery. Bariatric surgeons may encounter, either expectedly or unexpectedly, patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and NASH related cirrhosis more frequently. As such, the issues and considerations surrounding their medical care/surgery warrant careful deliberation to ensure the best outcomes. These considerations include severity of cirrhosis, liver synthetic function, portal hypertension and the impact of surgical factors. This review explores these considerations comprehensively and emphasizes the best approach to managing cirrhotic patients in the context of bariatric surgery.

关键词： Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Bariatric surgery Complications

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The impact of prehospital blood sampling on the emergency department process of patients with chest pain:a pragmatic non-randomized controlled trial

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 257-264页

作者： johan L.van Nieuwkerk M.Christien van der Linden rolf j.Verheul Merel van Loon-van Gaalen Marije janmaat Naomi van der Linden Emergency Department Haaglanden Medical Centre&Emergency Medical Services Haaglandenthe Hague 2501 CBthe Netherlands Research and Development Haaglanden Medical Centrethe Hague 2501 CKthe Netherlands Laboratory Services Haaglanden Medical Centrethe Hague 2501 CKthe Netherlands Emergency Department Haaglanden Medical Centrethe Hague 2501 CKthe Netherlands Faculty of Health University of Applied Sciences LeidenLeiden 2300 AJthe Netherlands Faculty of Technology Policy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 BXthe Netherlands

BACKGROUND:In patients with chest pain who arrive at the emergency department(ED)by ambulance,venous access is frequently established prehospital,and could be utilized to sample *** blood sampling may save time in the diagnostic *** this study,the association of prehospital blood draw with blood sample arrival times,troponin turnaround times,and ED length of stay(LOS),number of blood sample mix-ups and blood sample quality were ***:The study was conducted from October 1,2019 to February 29,*** patients who were transported to the ED with acute chest pain with low suspicion for acute coronary syndrome(ACS),outcomes were compared between cases,in whom prehospital blood draw was performed,and controls,in whom blood was drawn at the *** analyses were used to assess the association of prehospital blood draw with the time ***:Prehospital blood draw was performed in 100 *** 406 patients,blood draw was performed at the *** blood draw was independently associated with shorter blood sample arrival times,shorter troponin turnaround times and decreased LOS(P0.05).CONCLUSION:For patients with acute chest pain with low suspicion for ACS,prehospital blood sampling is associated with shorter time intervals,while there were no significant differences between the two groups in the validity of the blood samples.

关键词： Blood specimen collection Crowding Emergency medical services Troponin

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Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 818-826页

作者： jerome E.McGinnis jongbae Heo Michael R.Olson Andrew P.Rutter james j.schauer University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.

关键词： CSN Incremental Excess PMFPM2.5

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Sources, evolution and impacts of EC and OC in snow on sea ice： a measurement study in Barrow, Alaska

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Science Bulletin 2017年第22期62卷 1547-1554页

作者： Tingfeng Dou Cunde Xiao Zhiheng Du j. j. schauer Hong Ren Baozhu Ge Aihong Xie jihua Tan Pingqing Fu Yuanxun Zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sdences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wl 53706 USA state Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics-an-d Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Huairou Eco-Environmental Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

Based on the field measurements in Barrow, Alaska within the period of April-May 2015, we investigate the sources and variations of elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) in the surface layer of snowpack on sea ice, and estimate their effects on the sea ice albedo. Results show that the snow OC in Barrow are from natural sources(e.g. terrestrial higher plants and micro-organisms) mainly, as well as biomass burning(e.g. forest fires and straw combustion) as an important part. Both EC and OC can accumulate at the snow surface with snow melt. The variations in EC and OC and liquid water content in the snow layer are well consistent during the snow-melting period. A higher rate of snow melt implied a more efficient enrichment of EC and OC. In the last phase of snow melt, the concentration increased to a maximum of 16.2 ng/g for EC and 128 ng/g for OC, which is ~10 times larger than those before snow melt onset. Except for the dominant influence of melt amplification mechanism, the variation in concentrations of EC and OC could be disturbed by the air temperature fluctuation and snowfall. Our study indicates that the lightabsorbing impurities contributed 1.6%-5.1% to the reduction in sea ice albedo with melt during the measurement period. The significant period oflight-absorbing impurities influencing on sea ice albedo begins with the rapid melting of overlying snow and ends before the melt ponds formed widely, which lasted for about 10 days in Barrow, 2015.

关键词： Arctic EC OC Sea ice Albedo Barrow

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Life cycle and morphology of development stages of Physocephalus dromedarii (Nematoda: Spirocercidae)

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Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 825-829页

作者： rolf Karl Schuster Saritha Sivakumar jrg Kinne Central Veterinary Research Laboratory

Objective: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final ***: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from naturally infected scarab beetles(Scarabaeus cristatus). The camels were necropsied 14, 42, 70, 84 and 280 days after infection and their abomasi were examined for the presence of ***: Early 4th stage larva occurred already 2 weeks after infection. They were still in the sheet of the 3rd stage larva. Six weeks after infection, the nematodes became juvenile male and female adults measuring 9 and 10 mm, respectively. Their size doubled at 10 weeks post infection and patency was reached at 12 weeks. P. dromedarii was still present in the camel that was examined 40 weeks after ***: As a result of experimental infection of the natural host, the determined prepatent period of P. dromedarii equalled 12 weeks.

关键词： Physocephalus dromedarii Nematoda Life cycle Dromedary Abomasum

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Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herb-induced Liver Injury: Comparison with Drug-induced Liver Injury

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： jing jing rolf Teschke Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina Integrative Medical Center 302 Military HospitalBeijingChina Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKlinikum HanauTeaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainHanau D-63450Germany

Cases of suspected herb-induced liver injury(HILI)caused by herbal Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)and of druginduced liver injury(DILI)are commonly published in the scientific literature *** opposed to the multiplicity of botanical chemicals in herbal TCM products,which are often mixtures of several herbs,conventional Western drugs contain only a single synthetic *** is therefore of interest to study how HILI by TCM and DILI compare with each other,and to what extent results from each liver injury type can be transferred to the *** is among the few countries with a large population using synthetic Western drugs as well as herbal ***,China is well suited to studies of liver injury comparing drugs with TCM *** some concordance,recent analyses of liver injury cases with verified causality,using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method,revealed major differences in HILI caused by TCMs as compared to DILI with respect to the following features:HILI cases are less frequently observed as compared to DILI,have a smaller proportion of females and less unintentional rechallenge events,and present a higher rate of hepatocellular injury *** many results were obtained among Chinese residents who had access to and had used Western drugs and TCM herbs,such ethnic homogeneity supports the contention that the observed differences of HILI and DILI in the assessed population are well founded.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Herbal TCM hepatotoxicity Herb-induced liver injury(HILI) Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)

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Effects of Gamma Irradiation for Sterilization on Aqueous Dispersions of Length Sorted Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2011年第4期4卷 393-404页

作者： jeffrey A. Fagan Nancy j. Lin rolf Zeisler Angela R. Hight Walker Polymers Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Analytical Chemistry Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Optical Technology Division. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899. USA

当前作为为 nanotherapeutics 和另外的医药应用的交货容器对碳 nanotubes 的潜在的使用有大兴趣。然而，没有数据在 nanotube 分散的性质上的消毒方法的效果上是可得到的，很医药的应用程序将在被处理的形式。这里，我们在水的分散在... 详细信息

当前作为为 nanotherapeutics 和另外的医药应用的交货容器对碳 nanotubes 的潜在的使用有大兴趣。然而，没有数据在 nanotube 分散的性质上的消毒方法的效果上是可得到的，很医药的应用程序将在被处理的形式。这里，我们在水的分散在分散和单个墙的碳 nanotubes 的光性质上从 60Co 来源显示出 gamma 照耀的效果。不同精制长度的人口的样品在 ampoules 被封上并且暴露了到约 28 kGy 的剂量，对足够的水平保证分散的绝育。与稳固阶段的 nanotube 样品的文学结果相对照，分散和 nanotube 样品的光性质上的 gamma 照耀的效果被发现最小。把结果基于这些， gamma 照耀显得足够地非破坏性为 nanotube 分散的消毒工业上有用。

关键词：单壁碳纳米管水分散体灭菌方法长度 γ辐照 γ射线辐照排序医疗应用

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