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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 845-853页

作者： Raju V.S.PERUMALA roland k.w.merkle National Geophysical Research Institute PO Box 724 Hyderabad India (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Department of Geology University of Pretoria

Hogbomite,a rare exotic mineral,is found to be associated with the vanadiferous-titaniferous （V-Ti） bearing magnetite bands at Bhakatarhalli,Nuggihaifi greenstone belt,western Dharwar Craton,*** report on a second occurrence of hogbomite from the Dharwar craton in karnataka,which is the sixth documented occurrence of this mineral from *** evaluate the chemical characteristics of hogbomite and associated Fe-Ti-minerals in an attempt to identify its formation as a primary hydrothermal mineral in a metamorphosed magnetite *** report here the presence of hogbomite as a complex oxide of Fe,Mg,Al and Ti with accessory of Zn,V and *** studies suggest the （V-Ti） bearing magnetite （Mt） contain spinel,hogbomite,chlorite,martite,ilmenite （Ⅱ） and minor amounts of *** hogbomite displays euhedral to subhedral textures,and is up to 250 μm along the grain boundaries of magnetite and *** the samples studied,hogbomite is prismatic,irregular and elongated in *** genesis of hogbomite in veins between magnetite and ilmenite implies its precipitation from fluids without involving complicated *** models were proposed for the formation of hogbomite; however,the subject is still debatable.

关键词： Hogbomite western Dharwar craton vanadium magnetite EPMA India

New Data on the Mineralogy of Chromite from the Nuggihalli Schist Belt,western Dharwar Craton,karnataka,India:Petrogenetic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 107-115页

作者： Perumala V.S.RAJU Elapavalooru V.S.S.k.BABU roland k.w.merkle National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad India(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Department of Geology University of Pretoria PretoriaSouth Africa

The occurrence of rhythmic layering of chromite and host serpentinites in the deformed layered igneous complexes has been noticed in the Nuggihalli schist belt （NSB） in the western Dharwar craton, karnataka, South India. For this study, the chromitite rock samples were collected from Jambur, Tagadur, Bhakatarhalli, Ranganbetta and Byrapur in the NSB. Petrography and ore microscopic studies on chromite show intense cataclasis and alteration to ferritchromite. The ferritchromite compositions are characterized by higher Cr number （Cr/[Cr＋AI]）（0.68-0.98） and lower Mg number （Mg/[Mg＋Fe]）（0.33-0.82） ratios in ferritchromite compared to that of parent chromite. The formation process for the ferritchromite is thought to be related to the exchange of Mg, AI, Cr, and Fe between the chromite, surrounding silicates （serpentines, chlorites）, and fluid during serpentinization.

关键词： chromite ferritchromite Nuggihalli schist belt Dharwar Craton India

Incoherent excess noise spectrally encodes broadband light sources

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 358-366页

作者： Aaron M.kho Tingwei Zhang Jun Zhu Conrad w.merkle Vivek J.Srinivasan Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science University of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817USA

Across optics and photonics,excess intensity noise is often considered a ***,we show that excess noise in broadband supercontinuum and superluminescent diode light sources encodes each spectral channel with unique intensity fluctuations,which actually serve a useful ***,we report that excess noise correlations can both characterize the spectral resolution of spectrometers and enable cross-calibration of their wavelengths across a broad *** to previous methods that use broadband interferometry and narrow linewidth lasers to characterize and calibrate spectrometers,our approach is simple,comprehensive,and rapid enough to be deployed during spectrometer ***,we employ this approach to aid alignment and reduce the depth-dependent degradation of the sensitivity and axial resolution in a spectrometer-based optical coherence tomography(OCT)system,revealing a new outer retinal ***,we achieve a pixel-to-pixel correspondence between two otherwise disparate spectrometers,enabling a robust comparison of their respective ***,excess intensity noise has useful applications in optics and photonics.

关键词： noise spectral optics

Swarm controlled emergence for ant clustering

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2013年第1期6卷 62-82页

作者： Alexander Scheidler Daniel merkle Martin Middendorf Fraunhofer Institute for wind Energy and Energy System Technology KasselGermany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark Department of Computer Science University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany

Purpose–Swarm controlled emergence is proposed as an approach to control emergent effects in(artificial)*** method involves the introduction of specific control agents into the swarm *** agents behave similar to the normal agents and do not directly influence the behavior of the normal *** specific design of the control agents depends on the particular swarm system *** aim of this paper is to apply the method to ant *** clustering,as an emergent effect,can be observed in nature and has inspired the design of several technical systems,*** robots,and clustering ***/methodology/approach–Different types of control agents for that ant clustering model are designed by introducing slight changes to the behavioural rules of the normal *** clustering behaviour of the resulting swarms is investigated by extensive simulation ***–It is shown that complex behavior can emerge in systems with two types of agents(normal agents and control agents).For a particular behavior of the control agents,an interesting swarm size dependent effect was *** behaviour prevents clustering when the number of control agents is large,but leads to stronger clustering when the number of control agents is relatively *** limitations/implications–Although swarm controlled emergence is a general approach,in the experiments of this paper the authors concentrate mainly on ant *** remains for future research to investigate the application of the method in other swarm *** controlled emergence might be applied to control emergent effects in computing systems that consist of many autonomous components which make decentralized decisions based on local *** implications–The particular finding,that certain behaviours of control agents can lead to stronger clustering,can help to design improved clustering algorithms by using heterogeneous swarms of ***/value–In

关键词： Emergent behaviour Ant-based clustering Swarm intelligence Control of emergence Computing Computer theory

Arterial thrombosis in the context of HCV-associated vascular disease can be prevented by protein C

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第12期14卷 986-996页

作者： Philipp Blüm Joachim Pircher Monika merkle Thomas Czermak Andrea Ribeiro Hanna Mannell Florian krötz Alexander Hennrich Michael Spannagl Simone köppel Erik Gaitzsch Markus wörnle Medizinische klinik und Poliklinik IV InnenstadtKlinikum der Universität München80336 MünchenGermany walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance Ludwig Maximilians University München80336 MünchenGermany Medizinische klinik und Poliklinik I Klinikum der Universität München80336 MünchenGermany Abteilung für Transfusionsmedizin Zelltherapeutika und HämostaseologieKlinikum der Universität München80336 MünchenGermany

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major problem *** is not limited to liver disease but is frequently complicated by immune-mediated extrahepatic manifestations such as glomerulonephritis or vasculitis.A fatal complication of HCV-associated vascular disease is ***:polyribocytidylic acid(poly(I:C)),a synthetic analog of viral RNA,induces a Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)-dependent arteriolar thrombosis without significant thrombus formation in venules in *** procoagulant effects are caused by increased endothelial synthesis of tissue factor and PAI-1 without platelet *** addition to human umbilical endothelial cells(HUVEC),human mesangial cells(HMC)produce procoagulatory factors,cytokines and adhesion molecules after stimulation with poly(I:C)or HCV-containing cryoprecipitates from a patient with a HCV infection as *** protein C(APC)is able to prevent the induction of procoagulatory factors in HUVEC and HMC in vitro and blocks the effects of poly(I:C)and HCV-RNA on the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in HMC but not in *** vivo,protein C inhibits poly(I:C)-induced arteriolar ***,endothelial cells are de facto able to actively participate in immune-mediated vascular thrombosis caused by viral ***,we provide evidence for the ability of protein C to inhibit TLR3-mediated arteriolar thrombosis caused by HCV infection.

关键词： hepatitis C thrombosis toll-like receptor 3

Morphologic characters and element content during development of Pinus tabuliformis seeds

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 67-74页

作者： Hui Li Jian Zhao Chen Zhou Scott A.merkle Jin-Feng Zhang National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration Beijing Forestry University warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

An embryo classification system for Pinus tabuliformis Carr. was established by time-tracing sam- pling and observation of zygotic embryos. The zygotic embryos were divided into nine stages. key elements of the zygotic embryo and female gametophyte （FG） tissue of P. tabuliformis were analyzed, using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy. Several elements--includ- ing aluminum, iron, sodium, and copper--are found in both embryo and FG tissue. Boron, phosphorus, magnesium,zinc, and calcium are also required for zygotic embryo development and therefore accumulated. Manganese is selectively excluded from the embryo. The zygotic embryo development needs a low-sodium and high-potassium nutrition proportion. The results of elemental analysis from zygotic embryos and FGs can provide the mineral targets for optimizing the formulation of culture medium for somatic embryogenesis.

关键词： Embryo classification system Zygoticembryo Female gametophyte Element content analysis

Effects of temperature,pH and O_(2) on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas by external biological desulfurization in a full scale fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 69-81页

作者： Hans-Joachim Naegele Jonas Lindner wolfgang merkle Andreas Lemmer Thomas Jungbluth Claus Bogenrieder University of Hohenheim State Institute for Agricultural Engineering and BioenergyGarbenstraße 9 StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70599 Germany Züblin Umwelttechnik GmbH UmwelttechnikOtto-Dürr-Straße 1StuttgartBaden-WürttembergDE 70435 Germany

Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a critical component of biogas formed under anaerobic conditions by sulfur and sulfate reducing bacteria from animal manure and renewable energy crops.H_(2)S causes high corrosion in equipment,has a negative environmental impact,inhibits the biogas formation process and is furthermore odorous and *** several methods for internal and external desulfurization found their way into practice and had been explored at laboratory scale,no data were available on the performance of such methods in full scale practice,especially for an external fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB).The effects of temperature,pH and air ratio on H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE)were *** study was conducted at a research biogas plant with a given output of 96 m^(3) biogas per hour,and an H_(2)S concentration ranging between 500 ppm and 600 ppm(1 ppm=1 cm^(3)/m^(3))on *** FBTB column has been designed to hold a packing volume of 2.21 m^(3) at a gas retention time of 84 seconds being loaded at an average of 32.88 g H_(2)S/(m^(3)·h).The highest H_(2)S RE of 98% was found at temperatures between 30℃ and 40℃.A major decline in RE to 21%-45%was observed at temperatures from 5℃ to 25℃.The results clearly showed a temperature optimum range for sulfate reducing *** results reveal that RE is little affected by different pH values and air *** the experimental period,the practical suitability of the FBTB system could be proved while avoiding the disadvantages of internal biological desulfurization methods.

关键词： external biological desulfurization fixed-bed trickling bioreactor(FBTB) H_(2)S removal efficiency(RE) hydrogen sulfide biogas full scale biogas research plant

TLR3-dependent immune regulatory functions of human mesangial cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第4期9卷 334-340页

作者： Monika merkle Andrea Ribeiro Simone koppel Joachim Pircher Hanna Mannell Maximilian Roeder Markus wornle Medizinische Poliklinik--Campus Innenstadt Klinikum der LMU Munich Germany walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine University of Munich MunichGermany

In glomerulonephritis, the migration of inflammatory cells into the glomerulus is an important step in disease initiation and progression. The viral receptor Toll-like receptor 3 （TLR3） is known to play a role in virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Based on this knowledge, this study aimed to define the effects of the TLR3 ligand polyriboinosinic：polyribocytidylic acid （poly（hC）） on the expression of adhesion molecules and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF） on resident glomerular cells. Experiments in MCs demonstrated that the activation of viral receptors by poly（I.C） leads to a time- and dose-dependent induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1）, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 （VCAM-1） and M-CSF at both the mRNA and protein levels; these results were confirmed by incubating MCs with HCV RNA. As shown in knockdown experiments, this effect is specifically mediated by TLR3. The prestimulation of MCs with proinfiammatory cytokines increases the effects of poly（hC）, except for its induction of VCAM-I. Tumor-necrosis factor （TNF）-a, likewise, induces ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and M-CSF, and amplifies the mesangial response to poly（hC）. These results were confirmed by incubating MCs with HCV RNA. we thus provide evidence that human MCs represent a potential target of the leukocytes and monocytes that infiltrate the glomerulus in viral disease-associated GN, highlighting the possibility that MCs may act as resident antigen-presenting cells.

关键词： adhesion molecules glomerulonephritis hepatitis C Toll-like receptor 3

A UNIFIED TIME-MARCHING PROCEDURE FOR COMPRESSIBLE INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOwS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1995年第4期7卷 13-21页

作者： Charles L. merkle Feng Jin-zhang(Propulsion Engineering Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA) The Pennsylvania State Univ United States

A time derivative preconditioning is introduced that allows a unified treatment of timemarching methods for both compressible and incompressible flows from inviscid to creeping flow. Results show that convergence rates are independent of Reynolds numbers and Mach numbers throughout this regime. A Complete formulation'based on an arbitrary equation of state facilitates the changes from one type of fluid to another and, in particular, the extension to incompressible flows. The resulting time-marching algorithm is shown in the incompressible limit to be identical to iterative methods based on pressure-Poisson methods, and it is demonstrated that both method are hyperbolic.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics time-marching procedure flow

Numerical Study of Inlet Distortion Effect on Transonic Fan

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Numerical Study of Inlet Distortion Effect on Transonic Fan