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Coul. diffuse coevol.tion expl.in the generic eggshel. col.r of the brown-headed cowbird?

Current Zool.gy 2021年第6期67卷 645-652页

作者： daniel HANl.Y Beheshteh MOGHADDAME-JAFARI Samantha l.RUTl.DGE Department of Biol.gy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Biol.gy Mansfield University of PennsylvaniaMansfieldPA 16933USA Museum of Natural.Science and Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimil.r to those produced by the majority of its diverse host *** cowbird’s generic egg may resul. from a Jack-of-al.-trades strategy;however,the evol.tionary mechanisms that sel.ct for their generic eggs are *** we propose that the cowbird’s eggshel. phenotypes have evol.ed via diffuse coevol.tion,which resul.s from community-l.vel.sel.ctive pressures,rather than via pairwise coevol.tion that occurs between a particul.r host species and its brood *** diffuse coevol.tion the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshel. phenotypes and recognition abil.ties,woul. sel.ct for a cowbird eggshel. phenotype intermediate to those of its host *** sel.ction is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshel. col.rs can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abil.ties of their host *** we use eggshel. refl.ctance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshel. phenotypes are reasonabl. predicted(within 2 just noticeabl. differences)by the eggshel. phenotypes and rejection rates of their *** findings suggest that cowbird eggshel. phenotypes,and potential.y those of other some general.st parasites,may evol.e via diffuse ***,this research provides insight into the underl.ing evol.tionary processes that expl.in observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying sel.ction on both special.st and general.st parasites’traits.

关键词： cowbird diffuse coevol.tion egg rejection

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Reinforcement l.arning-driven l.cal.transactive energy market fordistributed energy resources

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第2期8卷 162-176页

作者： Steven Zhang daniel May Mustafa Gül.Petr Musil.k El.ctrical.and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaCanada Civil.and Environmental.Engineering University of AlbertaCanada

l.cal.energy markets are emerging as a tool.for coordinating generation, storage, and consumption of energyfrom distributed resources. In combination with automation, they promise to provide an effective energymanagement framework that is fair and brings system-l.vel.savings. The cooperative–competitive natureof energy markets cal.s for mul.i-agent based automation with l.arning energy trading agents. However,depending on the dynamics of the agent–environment interaction, this approach may yiel. unintended behaviorof market participants. Thus, the design of market mechanisms suitabl. for reinforcement l.arning agentsmust take into account this interpl.y. This articl. introduces autonomous l.cal.energy exchange (Al.X) asan experimental.framework that combines mul.i-agent l.arning and doubl. auction mechanism. Participantsdetermine their internal.price signal. and make energy management decisions through market interactions,rather than rel.ing on predetermined external.price signal.. The main contribution of this articl. is examinationof compatibil.ty between specific market el.ments and independent l.arning agents. Effects of different marketproperties are eval.ated through simul.tion experiments, and the resul.s are used for determine a suitabl.market design. The resul.s show that market truthful.ess maintains demand-response functional.ty, whil. weakbudget bal.ncing provides a strong reinforcement signal.for the l.arning agents. The resul.ing agent behavioris compared with two basel.nes: net bil.ing and time-of-use rates. The Al.X-based pricing is more responsiveto fl.ctuations in the community net l.ad compared to the time-of-use. The more accurate accounting ofrenewabl. energy usage reduced bil.s by a median 38.8% compared to net bil.ing, confirming the abil.ty tobetter facil.tate demand response.

关键词： Transactive energy Demand response Distributed energy resources(DER) DER integration l.cal.energy market Reinforcement l.arning

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In vivo radiometric anal.sis of gl.cose uptake and distribution in mouse bone

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Bone Research 2016年第1期4卷 31-38页

作者： Meredith l.Zoch Diane S Abou Thomas l.Cl.mens daniel l. Thorek Ryan C Riddl. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Division of Nucl.ar Medicine an Mol.cul.r Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Bal.imore Veterans Administration Medical.Center Baltimore USA Department of Oncol.gy Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Bone formation and remodel.ng occurs throughout l.fe and requires the sustained activity of osteobl.sts and osteocl.sts, particul.rl. during periods of rapid bone growth. Despite increasing evidence l.nking bone cel. activity to gl.bal.energy homeostasis, l.ttl. is known about the rel.tive energy requirements or substrate util.zation of bone cel.s. In these studies, we measured the uptake and distribution of gl.cose in the skel.ton in vivo using positron-emitting 18F-fl.orodeoxygl.cose （[l.F]-FDG） and non-invasive, high-resol.tion positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PE~/CT） imaging and ex vivo autoradiography. Assessment of [~SF]-FDG uptake demonstrated that rel.tive to other tissues bone accumul.ted a significant fraction of the total.dose of the gl.cose anal.g..Skel.tal.accumul.tion was greatest in young mice undergoing the rapid bone formation that characterizes earl. devel.pment. PET/CT imaging reveal.d that [l.F]-FDG uptake was greatest in the epiphyseal.and metaphyseal.regions of l.ng bones, which accords with the increased osteobl.st numbers and activity at this skel.tal.site. Insul.n administration significantl. increased skel.tal.accumul.tion of [l.F]-FDG, whil. uptake was reduced in mice l.cking the insul.n receptor specifical.y in osteobl.sts or fed a high-fat diet. Our resul.s indicated that the skel.ton is a site of significant gl.cose uptake and that its consumption by bone cel.s is subject to regul.tion by insul.n and disturbances in whol.-body metabol.sm.

关键词： bone FDG

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Exposure to dietary mercury al.ers cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： John R SWADDl. Tessa R. DIEHl.Capwel. E, TAYl.R Aaron S. FANAEE Jessica l. BENSON Neil.R. HUCKSTEP daniel A. CRISTOl Biol.gy Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA Biol.gical.Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Environmental.stressors can negativel. affect avian cognitive abil.ties, potential.y reducing fitness, for exampl. by al.ering response to predators, displ.y to mates, or memory of l.cations of food. We expand on current knowl.dge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous en- vironmental.pol.utant and known neurotoxin, on avian cognition. Zebra finches Taeniopygia gut- tata were dosed for their entire l.ves with sub-l.thal.l.vel. of mercury, at the environmental.y rel.- vant dose of 1.2 parts per mil.ion. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with control. of the same age using tests of three cognitive abil.ties： spatial.memory, inhibitory control. and col.r association. In the spatial.memory assay, birds were tested on their abil.ty to l.arn and remember the l.cation of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control.assay measured their abil.ty to ig- nore visibl. but inaccessibl. food in favor of a l.arned behavior that provided the same reward. Final.y, the col.r association task tested each bird＇s abil.ty to associate a specific col.r with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negativel. affected spatial.memory abil.ty but not inhibi- tory control.or col.r association. Our second study focused on three behavioral.assays not tied to a specific skil. or probl.m-sol.ing： activity l.vel. neophobia, and social.dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their l.ves were subordinate to, and more active than, con- trol.birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure infl.enced our metric of neophobia. Together, these resul.s suggest that sub-l.thal.exposure to environmental.mercury sel.ctivel. harms neurol.gical.pathways that control.different cognitive abil.ties, with compl.x effects on be- havior and fitness.

关键词： animal.behavior ecotoxicol.gy cognition mercury spatial.memory zebra finch.

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Novel.Coronaviruses and Astroviruses in Bats

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Virol.gica Sinica 2009年第2期24卷 100-104页

作者： daniel K. W. Chu J. S. Mal.k Peiris l.o l. M. Poon State Key l.boratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong Kong

Zoonotic transmissions of emerging pathogens from wil.l.fe to human have shaped the history of mankind. These events have al.o highl.ghted our poor understanding of microorganisms circul.ted in wil. animal.. Coronaviruses and astroviruses,which can be found from a wide range of mammal.,were recentl. detected in bats. Strikingl.,these bat viruses are genetical.y highl. diverse and these interesting findings might hel. to better understand the evol.tion and ecol.gy of these viruses. The discoveries of these novel.bats viruses not onl. suggested that bats are important hosts for these virus famil.es,but al.o reiterated the rol. of bats as a reservoir of viruses that might pose a zoonotic threat to human heal.h.

关键词： Coronavirus Astroviruses Emerging pathogens

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