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Impacts of PI3k/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez maría Fernanda González Ana maría Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3k)/protein kinase B(AkT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3k/AkT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3k/AkT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3k/AkT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3k/AkT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3k/AkT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Application of wireless sensor networks to aircraft control and health management systems

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第1期9卷 28-33页

作者： Rama k. YEDAVALLI rohit k. BELAPURkAR Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University

Use of fly-by-wire technology for aircraft flight controls have resulted in an improved performance and reliability along with achieving reduction in control system weight. Implementation of full authority digital engine control has also resulted in more intelligent, reliable, light-weight aircraft engine control systems. Greater reduction in weight can be achieved by replacing the wire harness with a wireless communication network. The first step towards fly-by-wireless control systems is likely to be the introduction of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are already finding a variety of applications for both safety-critical and nonsafety critical distributed systems. Some of the many potential benefits of using WSN for aircraft systems include weight reduction, ease of maintenance and an increased monitoring capability. This paper discusses the application of WSN for several aircraft systems such as distributed aircraft engine control, aircraft flight control, aircraft engine and structural health monitoring systems. A brief description of each system is presented along with a discussion on the technological challenges. Future research directions for application of WSN in aircraft systems are also discussed.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Distributed turbine engine control Fly-by-wireless Aircraft engine health monitoring Aircraft structural monitoring Communication constraints

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Fragment emission and critical behavior in light and heavy charged systems

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第1期45卷 215-225页

作者： Samiksha Sood rohit k.mar Arun Sharma Sakshi Gautam Rajeev k.Puri Department of Physics Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India Department of Physics G.D.College.BillawarJammu 185204India

We study the emission of fragments in central collisions of light and heavily charged systems of^4+Ar+^45 Sc and^s4kr+^197 Au,respectively,using the Quantum Molecular Dynamics(QMD)model as the primary *** fragments are identified using an energy based clusterization algorithm,i.e.,the Simulated Annealing Clusterization Algorithm(SACA).The charge distributions of intermediate mass fragments[3≤Zf≤12]are fitted with power-law(∝Zf^-τ)and exp on ential(∝e^-λZf)fits in order to extract the parametersτandλ,whose minimum values are also sometimes linked with the onset of fragmentation or the critical point for a liquid-gas phase *** parameters such as the normalized second moment,,average size of the second largest cluster,phase separation parameter(Sp),bimodal parameter(P),information entropy(H),and Zipfs law are also analyzed to find the exact energy of the onset of *** detailed analysis predicts that an energy point exists between 20-23.1 MeV/nucleon,which is very close to the experimentally observed value of 23.9 MeV/nucleon for the^40Ar+^45Sc *** also find that the critical energy deduced using Zipfs law is higher than those predicted from other critical ***,no minimum is found for t values of the highly charged system of^84kr+^197Au,in agreement with experimental findings and various theoretical *** observe that the QMD+SACA model calculations are in agreement with the experimental *** agreement supports our results regarding the energy point of the liquid-gas phase transition and the onset of fragmentation.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions transport model clusterization algorithm Monte-Carlo technique li・quid-gas phase transition

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Fractionation of coal through organo-separative refining for enhancing its potential for the CO2-gasification

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第3期7卷 504-515页

作者： Heena Dhawan rohit k.mar Sreedevi Upadhyayula k.k.Pant D.k.Sharma Centre for Energy Studies Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Coal gasification has already been extensively studied earlier under varying conditions of steam,CO2,O2,inert *** coal and its e,N and NMP-DETA SCC products recovered through organo-refining under milder ambient pressure conditions were subjected to CO2-gasification in a fixed bed reactor under varying ***2 being an inert gas becomes the most challenging to be utilized during the gasification *** SCCs showed better CO2-gasification reactivity than the raw Belbaid coal at 900°*** use of the catalyst k2CO3 tremendously increased the gasification reactivity for both raw coal and the *** use of sugarcane bagasse for CO2-gasification along with raw coal as well as with residual coal was also *** under CO2 atmosphere conditions was used to structurally understand the coals as the coal structure gets loosened after extraction.

关键词： Coal Solvent extraction CO2 gasification Catalyst

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Development of a novel stability indicating RP-HPLC method for quantification of Connexin43 mimetic peptide and determination of its degradation kinetics in biological fluids

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第6期7卷 365-373页

作者： rohit Bisht Ilva D. Rupenthal Sreevalsan Sreebhavan Jagdish k. Jaiswal Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit(BOTU) Department of OphthalmologyNew Zealand National Eye CentreFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Connexin43 mimetic peptide （Cx43MP） has been intensively investigated for its therapeutic effect in the management of inflammatory eye conditions, spinal cord injury, wound healing and iscbemia-induced brain damage. Here, we report on a validated stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method for the quantification of Cx43MP under stress conditions. These included exposure to acid/base, light, oxidation and high temperature. In addition, the degradation kinetics of the peptide were evaluated in bovine vitreous and drug-free human plasma at 37℃. Detection of Cx43MP was carried out at 214 nm with a retention time of 7.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.9-250μg/mL （R2a0.998）, and the limits of detection （LOD） and quantification （LOQ） were found to be 0.90 and 2.98 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method determined by the mean percentage recovery at 7.8, 62.5 and 250μg/mL was 96.79%, 98.25% and 99.06% with a RSD of〈 2.2%. Accelerated stability studies revealed that Cx43MP was more sensitive to basic conditions and completely degraded within 24 h at 37℃（0% recovery） and within 12 h at 80℃ （0.34% recovery）. Cx43MP was found to be more stable in bovine vitreous （t1/2 slow= 171.8 min） compared to human plasma （t1/2slow = 39.3 min） at 37℃ according to the two phase degradation kinetic model. These findings are important for further pre-clinical development of Cx43MP.

关键词： RP-HPLC determination biological fluids

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Modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy

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Photonics Research 2016年第3期4卷 1-8页

作者： rohit Singh Deepu koshy George Chejin Bae k.A.Niessen A.G.markelz Department of Physics and Astronomy Depauw University Department of Physics Virginia Tech Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo Department of Physics University at Buffalo

Intramolecular vibrations of large macromolecules reside in the terahertz range. In particular, protein vibrations are closely spaced in frequency, resulting in a nearly continuous vibrational density of states. This density of vibrations interferes with the identification of specific absorption lines and their subsequent association with specific functional motions. This challenge is compounded with the absorption being dominated by the solvent and local relaxational motions. A strategy for removing the isotropic relaxational loss and isolating specific vibrations is to use aligned samples and polarization-sensitive measurements. Here, we demonstrate a technique to rapidly attain the anisotropic resonant absorbance using terahertz time domain spectroscopy and a spinning sample. The technique, modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy(MOSTS), has a nonzero signal only for anisotropic samples, as demonstrated by a comparison between a silicon wafer and a wire grid polarizer. For sucrose and oxalic acid molecular crystals, the MOSTS response is in agreement with modeled results for the intermolecular vibrations. Further, we demonstrate that, even in the presence of a large relaxational background, MOSTS isolates underlying vibrational resonances.

关键词： THz Modulated orientation-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy

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Duodenal heterotopic pancreatic tissue:a case report and literature review

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第3期3卷 262-265页

作者： rohit Mehra Aswini k.Pujahari Shyam S.Jaiswal Department of Surgery Armed Forces Medical CollegeWanowrieIndia

Heterotopic pancreas is an aberration in the developmental profile of the *** entity is rarely symptomatic and its malignant transformation is even ***,when present,it poses a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians,as little help comes from gastroenteroscopy and *** exploration remains the only option at times,and it is the histopathological examination that finally clears the *** case report reveals the elusive nature of malignancy in heterotopic pancreas in the duodenum.

关键词： heterotopic pancreas malignant transformation small bowel obstruction

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The Fibrillar Matrix:Novel Avenues for Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1375-1380页

作者： Rasha Rezk Raquel marín-García Annica k.B.Gad Weston Park Cancer Centre Department of Oncology and MetabolismThe Medical SchoolThe University of SheffieldSheffield S102RXUnited Kingdom Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUnited Kingdom Madeira Chemistry Research Center University of MadeiraFunchal 9020105Portugal

Breast cancer is marked by large increases in the protein fibers around tumor *** fibers increase the mechanical stiffness of the tissue,which has long been used for tumor diagnosis by manual *** research in bioengineering has led to the development of novel biomaterials that model the mechanical and architectural properties of the tumor microenvironment and can be used to understand how these cues regulate the growth and spread of breast ***,we provide an overview of how the mechanical properties of breast tumor tissues differ from those of normal breast tissue and noncancerous *** also describe how biomaterial models make it possible to understand how the stiffness and viscosity of the extracellular environment regulate cell migration and breast cancer *** highlight the need for biomaterial models that allow independent analysis of the individual and different mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment and that use cells derived from different regions within *** models will guide the development of novel mechano-based therapies against breast cancer metastasis.

关键词： Breast cancer Tissue stiffness Cancer metastasis Cell migration Bioengineered scaffold Viscosity

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Paratyphoid fever- Emerging problem in South India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 815-817页

作者： Ragini Bekur k.E.Vandana k.N.Shivashankara rohit Valsalan Vishwanath Sathyanarayanan Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal UniversityManipalUdupiKarnatakaIndia-576104 Department of Microbiology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal UniversityManipalUdupiKarnatakaIndia-576104

Objective:To review the clinical profile and drug susceptibilities of Salmonella paratyphi A in a tertiary care ***:Retrospective analyses of 113 patients with paratyphoid fever and 101 culture proven Salmonella paratyphi A infection were included in the *** study extended over a period of 3 years(2006-2008).Diagnosis of patients were based on clinical features,serology and blood *** drug susceptibility testing of the isolates were performed by the disc diffusion *** presentation,laboratory parameters,susceptibility patterns of isolates,treatment and clinical response were ***:Of the 113 cases,77(68.4%) were males and 36 were females(32.8%),which included 2 pediatric *** was the most common symptom(100.0%) followed by loose stools(37.2%),headache(35.4%),myalgia(31.9%), pain abdomen(29.2%),dry cough(19.5%) and vomiting(13.3%).All patients were clinically cured. Majority of the isolates(46%) were resistant to cotrimoxazole in 2006,however they became 100% sensitive in 2007 and *** the strains became 100% sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol only in *** 2006 the sensitivity of organisms to ciprofloxacin was 89% but in 2007 and 2008 there has been an increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin(46% and 86%) *** 3 isolates(8.1%) were resistant to ceftriaxone in 2006,showed 100% sensitivity in *** drugs used were ceftriaxone in 100 cases(88.4%) and ciprofloxacin in 13 cases(11.6%).One patient had relapse of paratyphoid fever after treatment with ciprofloxacin which responded to ***:Paratyphoid fever A is one of the emerging infections and a significant problem in *** increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones is *** monitoring of drug susceptibilities is mandatory in instituting appropriate therapy.

关键词： Paratyphoid fever Salmonella paratyphi A Antimicrobial susceptibility

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Performance evaluation of deep neural networks for forecasting time-series with multiple structural breaks and high volatility

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2021年第3期6卷 265-280页

作者： rohit kaushik Shikhar Jain Siddhant Jain Tirtharaj Dash Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniK.K.Birla Goa CampusZuarinagarGoaIndia

The problem of automatic and accurate forecasting of time-series data has always been an interesting challenge for the machine learning and forecasting community.A majority of the real-world time-series problems have non-stationary characteristics that make the understanding of trend and seasonality *** applicability of the popular deep neural networks(DNNs)as function approximators for non-stationary TSF is *** following DNN models are evaluated:Multi-layer Perceptron(MLP),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and RNN with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM-RNN)and RNN with Gated-Recurrent Unit(GRU-RNN).These DNN methods have been evaluated over 10 popular Indian financial stocks ***,the performance evaluation of these DNNs has been carried out in multiple independent runs for two settings of forecasting:(1)single-step forecasting,and(2)multi-step *** DNN methods show convincing performance for single-step forecasting(one-day ahead forecast).For the multi-step forecasting(multiple days ahead forecast),the methods for different forecast periods are *** performance of these methods demonstrates that long forecast periods have an adverse effect on performance.

关键词： networks neural forecasting

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