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Physical activity after total knee arthroplasty: A critical review

World journal of Orthopedics 2015年第8期6卷 614-622页

作者： roger j paxton Edward L Melanson jennifer E Stevens-Lapsley Cory L Christiansen Physical Therapy Program Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Colorado Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes University of Colorado Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Colorado

Total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is the most commonly performed elective surgery in the United States. TKA typically improves functional performance and reduces pain associated with knee osteoarthritis. Little is known about the influence of TKA on overall physical activity levels. Physical activity, defined as "any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure", confers many health benefits but typically decreases with endstage osteoarthritis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential benefits(metabolic, functional, and orthopedic) of physical activity to patients undergoing TKA, present results from recent studies aimed to determine the effect of TKA on physical activity, and discuss potential sources of variability and conflicting results for physical activity outcomes. Several studies utilizing self-reported outcomes indicate that patients perceive themselves to be more physically active after TKA than they were before surgery. Accelerometry-based outcomes indicate that physical activity for patients after TKA remains at or below pre-surgical levels. Several different factors likely contributed to these variable results, including the use of different instruments, duration of follow-up, and characteristics of the subjects studied. Comparison to norms, however, suggests that daily physical activity for patients following TKA may fall short of healthy agematched controls. We propose that further study of the relationship between TKA and physical activity needs to be performed using accelerometry-based outcome measures at multiple post-surgical time points.

关键词： Physical activity Knee osteoarthritis Selfreport Total knee arthroplasty Accelerometer

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A new strategy for ionospheric remote sensing using the 130.4/135.6 nm airglow intensity ratios

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第4期7卷 445-459页

作者： XiaoHan Yin jianQi Qin Larry j.paxton School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMD 20723USA

We demonstrate here that global-scale determination of a key ionospheric parameter,the peak height of the F_(2)region(h_(m)F_(2)),can be obtained by making a simple ratio measurement of the atomic oxygen 130.4 and 135.6 nm emissions in the far-ultraviolet nightglow with a nadir-viewing system such as a pair of photometers suitable for flight on a *** further demonstrate that measurements from an altitude that is within the typical range of nighttime h_(m)F_(2)250−450 km can provide the ratios that are needed for retrieval of the h_(m)F_(2).Our study is conducted mostly through numerical simulations by using radiative transfer models of the two emissions coupled with empirical models of the atmosphere and *** results show that the relationship between the h_(m)F_(2)and the intensity ratio is sensitive to the altitude from which the emissions are observed,primarily because of the distinctly different degrees of resonant scattering of the two emissions in the atmosphere.A roughly quadratic relationship can be established for observations from an orbit of~400 km,which enables h_(m)F_(2)*** analysis indicates that the relationship can be affected by the ambient atmospheric conditions through resonant scattering and O2 *** typical nighttime conditions with h_(m)F_(2)250−450 km,retrieval of the h_(m)F_(2)from synthetic observations shows that the typical errors are only a few kilometers(up to~20 km),depending on the accuracy of the ambient conditions predicted by the empirical *** findings pave the way for use of the 130.4/135.6 nm intensity ratios for global-scale monitoring of the nighttime ionosphere at mid to low latitudes.

关键词： nighttime ionosphere far-ultraviolet remote sensing 130.4/135.6 nm airglow intensity ratio peak height of the F_(2)region(h_(m)F_(2)) TIMED observation

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Effect of vapour pressure deficit on gas exchange of field‑grown cotton

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journal of Cotton Research 2021年第4期4卷 337-346页

作者： BROUGHTON Katrina j. PAYTON paxton TAN Daniel K.Y. TISSUE David T. BANGE Michael P. CSIRO Agriculture and Food Locked Bag 59NarrabriNSWAustralia Plant Breeding Institute Sydney Institute of AgricultureSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Hawkesbury CampusWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia United States Department of Agriculture Cropping Systems Research LaboratoryLubbockTXUSA

Background:Plants respond to changes in vapour pressure deficit(VPD)between the leaf and the atmosphere through changes in stomatal response,which can consequently affect transpiration,photosynthesis,and leaf-level water use *** projected warmer air temperatures,changes in rainfall distribution and altered VPD in future climates,it is important to understand the potential effect of VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown *** aim of this study was to assess the impact of altered VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown cotton to improve the current understanding of the plant-by-environment interaction,thereby contributing to validation and improvement of physiological and yield response *** VPD environments in the field were generated by planting cotton on three dates within the sowing window(early-season(S1)=5th October 2011;mid-season(S2)=9th November 2011;and late-season(S3)=30th November 2011).VPD was also modified by altering crop ***:VPDL accounted for the largest proportion of the explained variation in both stomatal conductance(32%∼39%)and photosynthetic(16%∼29%)responses of ***,smaller percentages of variation were attributed to other main factors such as the individual plant(Plant),and accumulated temperature stress hours(ASH;a measure of plant water status over time)and interactive factors,including leaf vapour pressure deficit(VPDL)×Plant and Plant×ASH;however,a proportion of variation was *** addition,the Asat/E(instantaneous transpiration efficiency,ITE)model developed based on cotton grown in the glasshouse was applied to cotton grown in the *** found that the modelled Asat/E and field-measured Asat/E were very similar,suggesting that the mechanistic basis for ITE was similar in both ***:This study highlights the importance of accounting for VPD in climate change research,given that stomata are highly responsive to changes in *** experiment pr

关键词： Climate change Gossypium hirsutum Physiology VPD

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Anomalous enhancement of ionospheric electron content in the Asian-Australian region during a geomagnetically quiet day

Anomalous enhancement of ionospheric electron content in the...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： K.Igarashi M.Nakamura L.j.paxton National Institute of Information and Communications Technology TokyoJapan. johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA.

[1]We investigate an event of anomalous enhancement in ionospheric electron content on 28 june 2002 from a network of 70 GPS receivers and a chain of ionosondes distributed around the Asian-Australian *** local sunset,the low-latitude peak electron density of the F layer(NF) was observed to increase by 200%compared to the 27-day median *** environment was quiet during 27-28 june as the SYM-H index was larger than -20 nT and AE was less than 200 nT under conditions of a constant northward interplanetary magnetic field Bz.A continuously enhanced eastward electric field has been identified as the main cause of this effect,though it is not fully consistent with the prediction of Scherliess and Fejer(1997) for wind disturbance dynamo *** observations show that the ionosphere was very disturbed in the Northern Hemisphere during summer even under low geomagnetic *** large ionospheric disturbance may be caused by the combination of the effects due to auroral activity and tides,a combination that still needs further *** work suggests that studying very large day-to-day variability under quiet geomagnetic conditions could reveal more about the coupling processes between the ionosphere and lower atmosphere.

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Short Communication: Analysis of Grain Size Distribution through Image Analysis

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 2339-2346页

作者： Dennis C. Gitz III jeffrey T. Baker paxton Payton Zhanguo Xin Robert j. Lascano USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Lubbock TX USA

Herein we describe an approach to measure the volume and to characterize the volume distribution of large numbers of individual small regularly shaped seeds. The results of a preliminary investigation into the distribution of seed size of a multi-seeded sorghum mutant, as compared to the wild type from which it was developed are also reported, and are used as an example of the method’s utility.

关键词： Seed Size Grain Size Sorghum Twin Seed Multi-Seed Image Analysis

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Annual Rainfall and Dryland Cotton Lint Yield—Southern High Plains of Texas

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期13卷 177-200页

作者： Robert j. Lascano paxton Payton james R. Mahan Timothy S. Goebel Dennis C. Gitz III Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

Agriculture in the Texas High Plains (THP) is in a transition phase of producing crops with a diminishing supply of irrigation-water from the Ogallala aquifer to dryland production systems. This shift is driven by the fact that the depth to the water table of the Ogallala aquifer continues to increase. Dryland cotton production systems are prevalent in the southern counties of the THP and our purpose was to use the long-term dryland cotton lint yields from these counties as precursors of the future cotton production patterns that will emerge in this region. For this purpose, from 1972 to 2018, we calculated the ratio of dryland cotton lint yield per unit of annual rainfall at the county level. This ratio is called crop water productivity (CWP) and has units of mass per unit volume (g/m3). In our analysis, we used cotton lint yield data provided by the National Agricultural Statistics and rainfall data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Our results indicated that the three datasets used in our analysis, i.e., cotton lint yield, rainfall and CWP were all normally distributed. In this time period, 1972 to 2018, only one year 2011—a year with a record drought of 179 mm of rain failed to produce a dryland cotton crop in all the counties used in our analysis. The mean cotton lint yield ± standard deviation ranged from a high of 400 ± 175 kg/ha in Lubbock County to a low of 252 ± 144 kg/ha in Andrews County. However, the counties with the largest CWP > 90 g/m3 were Glasscock, Midland and Martin County. The importance of this result is that these counties are in the southern region of the THP and are subject to extreme environmental conditions and yet cotton producers manage to produce a cotton crop in most years. We conclude that management production methods used by these dryland producers represent the future schemes that will need to be adopted in other counties to sustain the emerging dryland cropping systems across t

关键词： Crop Water Productivity Cotton Cropping Systems Crop Management Rainfed Ogallala Aquifer Water Use Efficiency

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Description of a Novel Allelic “Thick Leafed” Mutant of Sorghum

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 2956-2965页

作者： Dennis C. Gitz III Lan Liu-Gitz Zhanguo Xin jeffrey T. Baker paxton Payton Robert j. Lascano Cropping Systems Research Laboratory ARS-USDA1 Lubbock TX USA

An allelic sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] mutant with thick and narrow erect leaves (Thl) and reduced adaxial stomatal density was isolated from the Annotated Individually pedigreed Mutagenized Sorghum mutant library developed at the Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit at Lubbock TX. The mutant, Thl, was isolated from a pedigreed M3 family generated by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenization from an elite inbred sorghum line, BTx623, which had been used to sequence the sorghum genome. The mutant has been backcrossed to the wild-type BTx623 confirming that the trait results derive from a stable recessive nuclear gene mutation. Herein, we briefly described morphological and selected physiological characteristics of this mutant sorghum.

关键词： Sorghum Stoma Stomatal Density Stomatal Ratio Leaf Thickness

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Measurement of Cotton Transpiration

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 1299-1316页

作者： Robert j. Lascano jeffery T. Baker paxton Payton Dennis C. Gitz III james R. Mahan Timothy S. Goebel Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA Plant Stress Germplasm Development Research Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

There are a few field methods available to directly measure water evapotranspiration (ET) along with its two components, evaporation from the soil (E) and from the crop (T). One such technique that measures T, uses sensors to calculate the sap flow (F) of water through the plant stem and is based on the conservation of mass and energy, i.e., the stem heat balance method. This instrument consists of a flexible heater that is wrapped around the plant stem with temperature sensors to measure the difference in temperature of F below and above the heater. This is a null method, where all inputs and outputs are known and the calculated F is a direct measure of T. This method has been used to measure T in a variety of crops, including cotton, grapes, olive trees, soybean, ornamental and horticultural crops. A new version of the EXO-SkinTM is the Stem Gauge Dual Channel Design (SGDCTM), which was commercially introduced and had a radically new design resulting in a different energy balance, compared to the original design, which needed experimental verification. An initial evaluation was done with potted cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) plants in a greenhouse experiment showing that values of cotton-T measured with the new sensor were accurate;however, this comparison was limited to daily T T in the 2 - 7 mm/d range, representative of the semiarid Texas High Plains. For this purpose, cotton was planted on 12 june 2017 on a 1000 m2 plot in a soil classified in the Amarillo series at the facilities of the USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX. For a period of 15 days, 2 to 16 Sep 2017, we measured hourly cotton-T with the new sensors and with portable growth chambers (0.75 m × 1 m cross-section, and 1 m height) where water vapor flux was measured at a 10 Hz frequency using an infrared gas analyzer. We used three chambers and, in each chamber, the new sensors were installed on four cotton plants. We used linear regression analysis to compare hourly and daily values of cotton-T measured with th

关键词： Stem Flow Gauge Growth Chamber Water Use Irrigation Evaporation Field Test

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Objectively-measured compliance to atropine penalization treatment in children with amblyopia: a pilot study

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眼科学报：英文版 2016年第3期31卷 146-152页

作者： jingyun Wang Lyne Racette paxton Ott Dana L.Donaldson Daniel E.Neely David A.Plager Pennsylvania College of Optometry Salus University Glick Eye Institute Indiana University School of Medicine

Background:To date,compliance to atropine penalization in amblyopic children has only been assessed through *** goal of this pilot study is to measure compliance to atropine penalization ***:Seven amblyopic children(3-8 years;20/40-20/125 in the amblyopic eye) were *** had been treated with atropine *** were prescribed either a twice per week or daily atropine regimen by their *** was defined as the percentage of days in which the atropine eye drop was taken compared to the number of doses *** used medication event monitoring system(MEMS) caps to objectively measure *** MEMS caps are designed to electronically record the time and date when the bottle is *** parents of the children were provided a calendar log to subjectively report *** were scheduled for return visits at 4 and 12 *** compliance was ***:At 4 weeks,objective compliance averaged 88%(range,57-100%),while subjective compliance was 98%(range,90-100%).The actual dose in grams and visual acuity(VA) response relationship(r=0.79,P=0.03) was significantly better than the relationship between regimen and response(r=0.41,P>0.05),or the relationship between actual dose in drops and response(r=0.52,P>0.05).Conclusions:Objective compliance to atropine penalization instructions can be monitored with MEMS,which may facilitate our understanding of the dose-response *** compliance with atropine penalization decreases over time and varies with *** average,subjective parental reporting of compliance is overestimated.

关键词： Atropine penalization amblyopia treatment compliance

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Ionosphere disturbances observed throughout Southeast Asia of the superstorm of 20-22 November 2003

Ionosphere disturbances observed throughout Southeast Asia o...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： K.Tschu K.Igarashi T.Kikuchi K.Nozaki S.Watari L.j.paxton Harold P.Bulanon Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology TokyoJapan. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMarylandUSA. physics Department Optoelectronics GroupUniversity of San CarlosCebu CityPhilippines.

[1]Ionospheric disturbances in the Southeast Asian region during the super magnetic storm of 20-22 November 2003 were investigated through an ionosonde chain and a GPS network assisted by the space-borne *** early stage of the storm in the postsunset sector,large enhancements in the critical frequency of F layer and total electron content were observed at northern crest region of the equatorial ionization anomaly(EIA), which might be produced by both the storm meridional wind superimposed with traveling atmospheric disturbances and prompt penetration electric field(PPE).During the main phase of the storm when interplanetary magnetic field started a 12-h southward turning, equatorial ionosphere was elevated to a very high level which should be most probably caused by a long-duration PPE ***,at mid-low latitudes,ionosphere witnessed an initial simultaneous decrease then followed by drastic increases,which is very different from the past observations in this region(Reddy and Nishida,1992). Combined analysis of the data from the ionosonde and other space-based measurement shows that for the present case the penetration efficiency of the interplanetary electric field(IEF) to the equatorial ionosphere was larger at night than in the daytime,which agrees with the results of Fejer et al.(2007) showing the ratios of PPE and IEF changes were highly variable with the local *** the recovery phase,EIA was severely inhibited owing to a wind convergence and possibly because of the westward disturbance dynamo electric field.

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