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Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 50-51页

作者： roger Castells-Graells Todd O.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

Analyzing voting power in decentralized governance:Who controls DAOs?

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 123-129页

作者： Robin Fritsch Marino Müller roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich 8092ZurichSwitzerland

We empirically study the state of three prominent DAO governance systems on the Ethereum blockchain:Compound,Uniswap and Ethereum name service(ENS).In particular,we examine how the voting power is distributed in these *** a comprehensive dataset of all governance token holders,delegates,propos-als,and votes,we analyze who holds the voting power and how this power is being used to influence governance *** we reveal that the majority of voting power is concentrated in the hands of a small number of addresses,we rarely observe these powerful entities overturning a vote by choosing a different outcome than that of the overall community and less influential voters.

关键词： Decentralized autonomous organization DAO governance Liquid democracy Blockchain

Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： charles Michael Albert Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating Surface charring Bio-based fire retardant Densification

Historic,pre-stock enhancement,demographic conditions of exploited populations of dusky flathead,Platycephalus fuscus,in eastern Australia

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： charles A.Gray WildFish Research Grays PointSydney2232Australia

Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management *** study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock *** was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock *** in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated *** longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally *** dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age *** dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than ***-specific differences in individual growth were not *** average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for *** contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuarythe *** male and female *** should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,*** study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.

关键词： Baseline data Fishery enhancement Management evaluation Platycephalidae Recreational fishing Restocking Stock assessment

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher Ward roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： charles H.Nelson Udai B.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-binding *** the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its *** this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika Fujii charles F.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

NRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： Pauline Tarot Christelle Lasbleiz Jean-charles Liévens MMDN Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance CNRS ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor *** include muscle weakness and atrophy,spasticity,and progressive ***,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral *** only two treatments actually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated beneficial *** difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** mechanisms,abnormal RNA metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic transport defects,accumulation of unfolded protein,and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa.A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious *** the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense,mitochondrial functioning,and *** here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C9orf72 NRF2 oxidative defense oxidative stress sulforaphane superoxide dismutase 1 TDP43