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Evolution of blockchain consensus algorithms: a review on the latest milestones of blockchain consensus algorithms

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Cybersecurity 2024年第3期7卷 80-101页

作者： Ziad Hussein may A.Salama Sahar A.El-Rahman Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering-ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt

Blockchain technology has gained widespread adoption in recent years due to its ability to enable secure and trans-parent record-keeping and data transfer.A critical aspect of blockchain technology is the use of consensus algorithms,which allow distributed nodes in the network to agree on the state of the *** this review paper,we exam-ine various consensus algorithms that are used in blockchain systems,including proof-of-work,proof-of-stake,and hybrid *** go over the trade-offs and factors to think about when choosing a consensus algorithm,such as energy efficiency,decentralization,and *** also look at the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm as well as their potential impact on the scalability and adoption of blockchain technology.

关键词： Blockchain Consensus Proof of work Proof of stake Decentralization

碰撞激活诱导的双势阱势能面可以实现9-甲基-8-氧鸟嘌呤-9-甲基腺嘌呤碱基对阳离子自由基的质子转移

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2024年第2期37卷 330-340,I0022-I0039,I0104页

作者： may Myat Moe 刘剑波美国纽约城市大学皇后学院化学与生物化学系纽约11367 美国纽约城市大学研究生院纽约10016

8-氧鸟嘌呤(OG)是最常见的核碱基氧化损伤,它在复制过程中可以用Hoogsteen的模式与腺嘌呤(A)错误配对.0G.A碱基对不仅可以诱发G·C→T·A的颠换突变,而且由于OG的电离势和氧化电位低于天然DNA碱基更容易受到电离辐射和单电子氧化的影响... 详细信息

8-氧鸟嘌呤(OG)是最常见的核碱基氧化损伤,它在复制过程中可以用Hoogsteen的模式与腺嘌呤(A)错误配对.0G.A碱基对不仅可以诱发G·C→T·A的颠换突变,而且由于OG的电离势和氧化电位低于天然DNA碱基更容易受到电离辐射和单电子氧化的影响,本文报道了[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)碱華对阳离子自由基的形成.和碰撞诱导解离,该碱基对利用9-甲基8-氧鸟嘌呤(9MOG)和9-甲基腺嘌呤(9MA)模拟相对应的核苷酸.实验通过电喷雾产生Cu(Ⅱ)碱基复合物继之以氧化分离产生[9MOG·9MA]^(·+),并使用导向离子束串级质谱仪检测[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)的碰撞诱导解离、通过测量在不同碰撞能量下的解离产物和反应截面,可以得出[9MOG-H]+[9MA+H]^(+)(主要解离通道)和9MOG^(·+)+9MA(次要通道)的0 K解离阈能分别为1.8和1.65 eV.使用密度泛函理论对[9MOG·9MA]^(·+)的结构计算发现其所有重要构象都发生了质子转移生成[9MOG-H]^(·)·[9MA+H]^(+).另一方面,9MOG^(·+)+9MA的解离通道却需要9MOG^(·+)9MA作为中间体.看似矛盾的结果可以用碰撞活化后反应势能面上出现的双重势阱和由此触发的激发态质子转移平衡([9MOG-H]^(·)·[9MA+H]^(+))^(*)→←(9MOG6(·+)·9MA)^(*)来解释.本文实验和理论研究揭示了这种生物学上重要的非规范碱基对如何在氧化和电离损伤时发生解离.

关键词：碱基对阳离子自由基碰撞诱导解离碱基对内质子转移反应势能面电喷雾电离质谱导向离子束散射

Role of lysosomal trafficking regulator in autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons:a disease perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 957-958页

作者： Prashant Sharma Jenny Serra-Vinardell Wendy J.Introne may Christine V.Malicdan NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program Common FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Human Biochemical Genetics Section Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA(Serra-Vinardell JIntrone)

Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular *** acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate *** in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular *** energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological ***,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal *** plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.

关键词： homeostasis lysosomal removing

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel Patrick McKenna Alex Price Timothy McAleese Darren Dahly Paul McKenna may Cleary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common procedure for end stage *** learning curve for THA is complex and *** of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular *** wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** To investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup *** A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was *** uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for *** size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups *** A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 *** cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,Pmay act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum Cup Learning

Littoral landforms of Lake Hulun and Lake Buir(China and Mongolia):Wind-driven hydro-sedimentary dynamics and resulting clastics distribution

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 309-326页

作者： Li Wang Mathieu Schuster Shi-Wei Xin Florin Zainescu Xin-Yu Xue Joep Storms Jan-Hendrik may Alexis Nutz Helena van der Vegt Guilherme Bozetti Zai-Xing Jiang School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Universite de Strasbourg CNRSENGEESInstitut Terre et Environnement de StrasbourgUMR 70635 Rue DescartesStrasbourgFrance Tamsag Mongolia(XIX)Ltd. PetroChinaDaqing 163000China CEREGE Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNESIRDCollege de FranceINRAAix en ProvenceFrance School of Marine Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519083China Delft University of Technology Department of Geoscience and EngineeringDelfthe Netherlands School of Geography Earth and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Melbourne253 Elgin St.CarltonVIC 3053Australia Deltares Delfthe Netherlands SCMF Faculty of GeographyUniversity of Bucharest1 N.Balcescu Blv.BucharestRomania

Two rectangular-shaped lakes,Lake Hulun and Lake Buir,located at the boundary between China and Mongolia,only c.75 km apart and therefore experiencing similar wind fields,have been studied based on satellite images and field surveys in order to compare their geomorphological and sedimentological *** wind-driven hydrodynamics,which have a significant effect on the development of littoral landforms and on sediment distribution,have been discussed for the two similar lakes that experienced a prevailing wind perpendicular to their long axis.A conceptual model related to wind-driven water bodies and sediment distribution is ***-influenced to wave-dominated deltas,beaches,spits,and eolian dune deposits develop around these two lakes,with a strikingly similar distribution *** features locally inform the longshore drift and help reconstruct the water circulation induced by wind *** the NW prevailing wind regime,the spits developed on the SW coast with a NW—SE extension,which was influenced by the NW—SE longshore *** same influence was observed in the delta extension in the NE *** differences lie in the presence of fan deltas in the NW region of Lake Hulun,but not in Lake ***,the width of the beach and eolian deposits on the downwind coast of Lake Hulun is three times greater than that of Lake Buir which were caused by the differences in sediment supply and wind fetch between the two *** Hulun and Lake Buir provide two reliable examples to understand the relationship among the wind field,provenance,hydrodynamics,landforms,and asymmetrical distribution of clastics in elongated *** also represent relevant modern analogs,which may also be of guiding significance to wind-driven sand body prediction in lacustrine basins.

关键词： Wind-driven lakes Fetch Sedimentary facies Hydrodynamics Geomorphology Spits Shoreline Lake Hulun Lake Buir

A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1631-1657页

作者： Maria Gul Imran Ali Khan Gohar Zaman Atta Rahman Jamaluddin Mir Sardar Asad Ali Biabani may IssaAldossary Mustafa Youldash Ashraf Saadeldeen Maqsood Mahmud Asiya Abdus Salam Dania Alkhulaifi Abdullah AlTurkey31Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Science and Technology Unit Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyOmdurman Islamic UniversityOmdurman14415Sudan Business Analytic Program Department of Management and MarketingCollege of Business AdministrationUniversity of BahrainSakhir32038Bahrain

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route *** proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

关键词： Safe crowd evacuation public safety emergency transition probability cooperation

AMachine Learning Approach to Cyberbullying Detection in Arabic Tweets

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1033-1054页

作者： Dhiaa Musleh Atta Rahman Mohammed Abbas Alkherallah Menhal Kamel Al-Bohassan Mustafa Mohammed Alawami Hayder Ali Alsebaa Jawad Ali Alnemer Ghazi Fayez Al-Mutairi may Issa Aldossary Dalal A.Aldowaihi Fahd Alhaidari Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Networks and Communications College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia

With the rapid growth of internet usage,a new situation has been created that enables practicing *** has increased over the past decade,and it has the same adverse effects as face-to-face bullying,like anger,sadness,anxiety,and *** the anonymity people get on the internet,they tend to bemore aggressive and express their emotions freely without considering the effects,which can be a reason for the increase in cyberbullying and it is the main motive behind the current *** study presents a thorough background of cyberbullying and the techniques used to collect,preprocess,and analyze the ***,a comprehensive review of the literature has been conducted to figure out research gaps and effective techniques and practices in cyberbullying detection in various languages,and it was deduced that there is significant room for improvement in the Arabic *** a result,the current study focuses on the investigation of shortlisted machine learning algorithms in natural language processing(NLP)for the classification of Arabic datasets duly collected from Twitter(also known as X).In this regard,support vector machine(SVM),Naive Bayes(NB),Random Forest(RF),Logistic regression(LR),Bootstrap aggregating(Bagging),Gradient Boosting(GBoost),Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost),and eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)were shortlisted and investigated due to their effectiveness in the similar ***,the scheme was evaluated by well-known performance measures like accuracy,precision,Recall,and ***,XGBoost exhibited the best performance with 89.95%accuracy,which is promising compared to the state-of-the-art.

关键词： Supervised machine learning ensemble learning cyberbullying Arabic tweets NLP

Efficacy of nonsolvent flower pollen extracts in healthy women with urinary incontinence:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel study

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 203-211页

作者： Marc Moulin Erin D.Lewis David C.Crowley Colleen E.may Malkanthi Evans KGK Science Inc. LondonOntarioCanada Graminex L.L.C.SaginawMIUSA

Background Urinary incontinence(UI)is a debilitating and common condition that adversely affects quality of *** and surgical approaches for managing UI symptoms may result in undesirable risks and *** randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel study investigated the efficacy of 2 nonsolvent flower pollen extracts on UI in healthy *** and methods One-hundred and fourteen women aged 40–75 years who scored≥5 on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form(ICIQ-SF)were randomized to receive either Graminex®RCT Fem™UI,Graminex®PollenBerry®,or placebo for 24 *** primary outcome was the change in the ICIQ-SF score between the trial and placebo groups after 24 weeks of *** secondary outcomes included changes in the frequency of nocturia(recorded in 3-day void diaries)and 24-hour leakage volume(assessed via pad weight)after 6,12,18,and 24 weeks of supplementation and changes in stress-induced urinary leakage volume(after completion of a provocative maneuver challenge)after 24 weeks of *** All the groups demonstrated improvement in ICIQ-SF scores at week 24(pmay be eff

关键词： Urinary incontinence Pollen extract Healthy women Dietary supplement ICIQ-SF Urinary leakage

Adherence to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in diabetes mellitus patients in Saudi Arabia:A multicenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 440-454页

作者： Saleh Fahad Alqifari Aya K Esmail Dalal M Alarifi Ghalya Y Alsuliman Maram M Alhati may R Mutlaq Mohammed Aldhaeefi Shaden A Alshuaibi Palanisamy Amirthalingam Abrar Abdallah Afaf S Wasel Heba R Hamad Shoroq Alamin Tasneem H Atia Tariq Alqahtani Department of Pharmacy Practice University of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Sciences Sulaiman Alrajhi UniversityQassim 52726Saudi Arabia Department of Family Medicine International Medical CenterJeddah 23214Saudi Arabia Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences College of PharmacyHoward UniversityWashingtonDC 20059United States Department of Pharmacology King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadh 11481Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)are predisposed to an increased risk of infection signifying the importance of vaccination to protect against its potentially severe *** Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(CDC/ACIP)issued immunization recommendations to protect this patient *** To assess the adherence of patients with DM to the CDC/ACIP immunization recommendations in Saudi Arabia and to identify the factors associated with the vaccine adherence *** An observational retrospective study conducted in 2023 was used to collect data on the vaccination records from 13 diabetes care centers in Saudi Arabia with 1000 eligible patients in phase I with data collected through chart review and 709 patients in phase II through online *** Among participants,10.01%(n=71)had never received any vaccine,while 85.89%(n=609)received at least one dose of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine,and 34.83%(n=247)had received the annual influenza *** 2.96%(n=21),2.11%(n=15),and 1.12%(n=8)received herpes zoster,tetanus,diphtheria,and pertussis(Tdap),and human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccines,*** patients with DM in Saudi Arabia,the rate of vaccination for annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines was higher compared to other vaccinations such as herpes zoster,Tdap,pneumococcal,and *** such as vaccine recommendations provided by family physicians or specialists,site of care,income level,DM-related hospitalization history,residency site,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)level,and health sector type can significantly influence the vaccination rate in patients with *** non-vaccinated patients with DM,the most reported barriers were lack of knowledge and fear of side *** signifies the need for large-scale research in this area to identify additional factors that might facilitate adherence to CDC/ACIP vaccine recommendations in patients with *** In S

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Vaccine recommendation COVID-19 vaccine Influenza vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Immunization Retrospective study