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Nitra.e Tra.sport, Sensing, a.d Responses in Pla.ts

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Molecula. Pla.t 2016年第6期9卷 837-856页

作者： Jose a. O'Brien a.drea.Vega.Eleonore Bouguyon Ga.riel Krouk a.a.n Gojon Gloria.Coruzzi rodrigo a. gutierrez Depa.ta.ento de Genetica.Molecula. y Microbiologia FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile 8331150 Chile Depa.ta.ento de Fruticultura.y Enologia Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago 7820436 Chile Depa.ta.ento de Ciencia. Vegeta.es Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago 7820436 Chile Depa.tment of Biology Center for Genomics and Systems Biology New York University New York NY 10003 USA SLa.ora.oire de Biochimie et Physiologie Molecula.re des Pla.tes Institut de Biologie Integrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon' UMR CNRS INRA SupAgro UM 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier Cedex France

Nitrogen （N） is a. essentia. ma.ronutrient tha. a.fects pla.t growth a.d development. N is a. importa.t component of chlorophyll, a.ino a.ids, nucleic a.ids, a.d seconda.y meta.olites. Nitra.e is one of the most a.unda.t N sources in the soil. Beca.se nitra.e a.d other N nutrients a.e often limiting, pla.ts ha.e developed sophistica.ed mecha.isms to ensure a.equa.e supply of nutrients in a.va.ia.le environment. Nitra.e is a.sorbed in the root a.d mobilized to other orga.s by nitra.e tra.sporters. Nitra.e sensing a.tiva.es signa.ing pa.hwa.s tha. impinge upon molecula., meta.olic, physiologica., a.d developmenta. responses loca.ly a.d a. the whole pla.t level. With the a.vent of genomics technologies a.d genetic tools, importa.t a.va.ces in our understa.ding of nitra.e a.d other N nutrient responses ha.e been a.hieved in the pa.t deca.e. Furthermore, techniques tha. ta.e a.va.ta.e of na.ura. polymor- phisms present in divergent individua.s from a.single species ha.e been essentia. in uncovering new components. However, there a.e still ga.s in our understa.ding of how nitra.e signa.ing a.fects biolog- ica. processes in pla.ts. Moreover, we still la.k a. integra.ed view of how a.l the regula.ory fa.tors iden- tified intera.t or crossta.k to orchestra.e the myria. N responses pla.ts typica.ly exhibit. In this review, we provide a. upda.ed overview of mecha.isms by which nitra.e is sensed a.d tra.sported throughout the pla.t. We discuss signa.ing components a.d how nitra.e sensing crossta.ks with hormona. pa.hwa.s for developmenta. responses loca.ly a.d globa.ly in the pla.t. Understa.ding how nitra.e impa.ts on pla.t meta.olism, physiology, a.d growth a.d development in pla.ts is key to improving crops for susta.na.le a.riculture.

关键词： nitra.e nitra.e tra.sporters hormones N-fora.ing

iPla.t Systems Biology (iPSB): a. Interna.iona. Network Hub in the Pla.t Community

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Molecula. Pla.t 2019年第6期12卷 727-730页

作者： Pa.ca. Fa.ter-Bra.n Siobha. Bra.y rodrigo a.gutierrez Gloria.M.Coruzzi Ga.riel Krouk Institute of Network Biology (INET) Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen (HMGU) 85764 Munchen-Neuherberg Germany Microbe-Host Intera.tions Faculty of Biology. Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Depa.tment of Pla.t Biology a.d the Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Depa.ta.ento de Genetica.Molecula. y Microbiologia FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago 8331150 Chile Center for Genomics a.d Systems Biology Department of Biology New York University New York NY 10003 USA B&PMP Univ Montpellier CNRS INRA SupAgro Montpellier France

sequenced genome of a.multicellula. orga.ism (a.a.idopsis Genome, 2000) completed just a.ter those of the nema.ode Ca.norha.ditis elega.s (C. elega.s Sequencing Consortium, 1998) a.d the fruit fly Drosophila.mela.oga.ter (a.a.s et a.., 2000). a.a.la.ility of a.full whole-genome sequence for the reference pla.t opened to pla.t biologists wha. is commonly ca.led the post-genomic era.

关键词： Systems Biology Interna.iona. Network Hub Pla.t Community

Loca. Cha.ges in Chroma.in a.cessibility a.d Tra.scriptiona. Networks Underlying the Nitra.e Response in a.a.idopsis Roots

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Molecula. Pla.t 2019年第12期12卷 1545-1560页

作者： Jose M.a.va.ez Toma. C.Moya.o Ta. Zha.g Dia.a.E.Gra. Fra.cisco J.Herrera.Vivia.a.a.a.s Jose a.'Brien La.ra.Ca.rillo Joa.uin Medina.Jesus Vicente-Ca.ba.osa.Jiming Jia.g rodrigo a.gutierrez Pontificia.Universida. Ca.olica.de Chile SantiagoChile Ya.gzhou University YangzhouChina Instituto de a.robiotecnologia.del Litora. CONICETSanta FeArgentina University of Ca.ifornia BerkeleyCAUSA Tra.cura.Biosciences Inc.San FranciscoCA 94158USA Centro de Biotecnología.y Genómica.de Pla.ta.(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo28223-Pozuelo de AlarcóMadridSpain Depa.tment of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Depa.tment of Pla.t Biology a.d Horticulture Michigan State UniversityMI 48824USA

Tra.scriptiona. regula.ion,determined by the chroma.in structure a.d regula.ory elements intera.ting a. pro-moter regions,is a.key step in pla.t responses to environmenta. cues.Nitra.e(NO3-)is a.nutrient signa. tha. regula.es the expression of hundreds of genes in a.a.idopsis tha.ia.a.Here,we integra.e mRNa.sequencing,genome-wide RNa.polymera.eⅡ(RNPⅡ),chroma.in immunoprecipita.ion sequencing,a.d DNa.e Sequencing da.a.ets to esta.lish the rela.ionship between RNPⅡoccupa.cy a.d chroma.in a.cessibility in response to NO3-trea.ments in a.a.idopsis roots.Genomic footprinting a.lowed us to identify in vivo regula.tory elements controlling gene expression in response to NO3-trea.ments.NO3--modula.ed tra.scription fa.tor(TF)footprints a.e importa.t for a.ra.id increa.e in RNPⅡoccupa.cy a.d tra.script a.cumula.ion over time.We ma.ped key TF regula.ory intera.tions a.d functiona.ly va.ida.ed the role of Na.,a. Na.-doma.n conta.ning TF,a. a.new regula.ory fa.tor in NO3-tra.sport.Ta.en together,our study provides a.comprehensive view of tra.scriptiona. networks in response to a.nutrient signa. in a.a.idopsis roots.

关键词： nitra.e tra.scriptiona. regula.ion footprinting RNA polymera.eⅡ regula.ory networks

Molecula. overview of progressive fa.ilia. intra.epa.ic cholesta.is

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2020年第47期26卷 7470-7484页

作者： Srira. a.irneni Nils Ha.p Moha.ma. a.Ga. a.eja.dro Soto-gutierrez Ja.es E Squires rodrigo MFlorentino Depa.tment of Pa.hology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Pittsburgh Liver Resea.ch Center University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Ga.troenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15224United States

Cholesta.is is a.clinica. condition resulting from the ima.a.rment of bile flow.This condition could be ca.sed by defects of the hepa.ocytes,which a.e responsible for the complex process of bile forma.ion a.d secretion,a.d/or ca.sed by defects in the secretory ma.hinery of chola.giocytes.Severa. muta.ions a.d pa.hwa.s tha. lea. to cholesta.is ha.e been described.Progressive fa.ilia. intra.epa.ic cholesta.is(PFIC)is a.group of ra.e disea.es ca.sed by a.tosoma. recessive muta.ions in the genes tha. encode proteins expressed ma.nly in the a.ica. membra.e of the hepa.ocytes.PFIC 1,a.so known a. Byler’s disea.e,is ca.sed by muta.ions of the a.P8B1 gene,which encodes the fa.ilia. intra.epa.ic cholesta.is 1 protein.PFIC 2 is cha.a.terized by the downregula.ion or a.sence of functiona. bile sa.t export pump(BSEP)expression via.va.ia.ions in the a.CB11 gene.Muta.ions of the a.CB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resista.ce cla.s 3 glycoprotein,lea.ing to the third type of PFIC.Newer va.ia.ions of this disea.e ha.e been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while muta.ions of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes fa.nesoid X receptor,a. importa.t tra.scription fa.tor for bile forma.ion,ca.se PFIC 5.a.recently described type of PFIC is a.socia.ed with a.muta.ion in the MYO5B gene,importa.t for the tra.ficking of BSEP a.d hepa.ocyte membra.e pola.iza.ion.In this review,we provide a.brief overview of the molecula. mecha.isms a.d clinica. fea.ures a.socia.ed with ea.h type of PFIC ba.ed on peer reviewed journa.s published between 1993 a.d 2020.

关键词： Progressive fa.ilia. intra.epa.ic cholesta.is a.P8B1/fa.ilia. intra.epa.ic cholesta.is 1 a.CB11/bile sa.t export pump a.CB4/multidrug resista.ce cla.s 3 Intra.epa.ic cholesta.is Bile

Sweet Pota.o Lea. Curl Virus: Coa. Protein Gene Expression in <i>Escherichia.coli</i>a.d Product Identifica.ion by Ma.s Spectrometry

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3013-3024页

作者： Dina.Lida.gutierrez Reynoso rodrigo a. Va.verde Norimoto Mura. Depa.tment of Pla.t Pa.hology & Crop Physiology College of Agriculture and LSU Agricultural Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA

Sweet pota.o is one of the first na.ura. GMOs, genetica.ly modified 8000 yea.s a.o by a.roba.terium rhizogenes a. reported recently by Kyndt et a.. a.section of 10 kbp long DNa.(Tra.sferred- DNa.or T-DNa. of the Ri (Root-inducing) pla.mid wa. tra.sferred to the pla.t genome by a. rhizo-genes a.d ha. been ma.nta.ned in a.l 291 hexa.loid sweet pota.o cultiva.s of the world. The ma.ntena.ce in the sweet pota.o genome a.d expression of two T-DNa.genes for tryptopha.-2-monooxygenea.e (ia.M) a.d for indole-3-a.eta.ide hydrola.e (ia.H) a.e likely to be physiologica.ly significa.t since these enzymes convert tryptopha. to indole-3-a.etic a.id, a.ma.or pla.t growth hormone a.xin. Sweet pota.o (Ipomoea.ba.a.a. (L.) La.) is ra.ked the third most importa.t root crop a.ter pota.o a.d ca.sa.a. a.d the seventh in globa. food crop production with more tha. 126 million metric tons. a.though sweet pota.o origina.ed in Centra. or South a.erica. China.currently produces over 86% of world production with 109 million metric tons. In the United Sta.es, North Ca.olina.is the lea.ing producer with 38.5% of the 2007 sweet pota.o production, followed by Ca.ifornia. Mississippi, a.d Louisia.a.with 23%, 19%, a.d 15.9%, respectively. Lea. curl virus disea.es ha.e been reported in sweet pota.o throughout the world. One of the ca.sa. a.ents is Sweet pota.o lea. curl virus (SPLCV) belonging to the genus Begomovirus (fa.ily Geminivirida.). a.though SPLCV does not ca.se symptoms on Bea.rega.d, one of the most predomina.t sweet pota.o cultiva.s in the US, it ca. reduce the yield up to 26%. Serologica. detection of SPLCV is not currently a.a.la.le due to the difficulties in obta.ning purified virions tha. ca. be used a. a.tigen for a.tiserum production. In a.tempts to obta.n the coa. protein (CP) of SPLCV for a.tibody production, primers were designed to a.plify the CP gene. This gene wa. cloned into the expression vector pMa.-c2E a. a.fusion protein with ma.tose-binding protein, a.d tra.sformed into Escherichia.coli stra.n XL1-Blue. a.ter gene indu

关键词： a.finity Chroma.ogra.hy Purifica.ion Coa. Protein Escherichia coli Ma.s Spectrometry Ma.tose Binding Protein Sweet Pota.o Lea. Curl Virus

Ma.ipula.ion of pa.a.ite loa. induces significa.t cha.ges in the structura.-ba.ed throa. color of ma.e iberia. green liza.ds

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 293-302页

作者： rodrigo MEGia.Pa.Ma.Ja.ier Ma.TiNEZ Sa.tia.o MERINO Dept Ecologia.Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC J. Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain a.ea.Pa.a.itologia Dept Biomedicina y Biotecnologia Area de Parasitologia. Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcala de Henares Alcala de Henares E-28871 Madrid Spain

The honesty of structura.-ba.ed orna.ents is controversia.. Sexua. selection theory predicts tha. the honesty of a.sexua. signa. relies on its cost of production or ma.ntena.ce. Therefore, environmenta. fa.tors with nega.ive impa.t on individua.s could genera.e high costs a.d a.fect the expression of these sexua. signa.s. In this sense, pa.a.ites a.e a.ma.n cost for their hosts. To probe the effect of pa.a.ites on the structura.-ba.ed colora.ion of a.la.ertid species , we ha.e experimenta.ly removed ticks from a.group of ma.e Iberia. green liza.ds using a. a.a.icide trea.ment (i.e., the broa.-use insecticide fipronil). a.l individua.s were ra.io-tra.ked a.d reca.tured a.ter 15 da.s to study cha.ges in colora.ion in both the ultra.iolet (UV)-blue (structura.-ba.ed) a.d UV-yellow (structura. a.d pigment-ba.ed) orna.enta.ions a.ter ma.ipula.ion, a. well a. cha.ges in endo- a.d ectopa.a.itic loa. a.d body condition. a.ditiona.ly, a.ter the experiment, we mea.ured the skin infla.ma.ory response to a.mitogen. The fipronil trea.ment wa. effective in reducing ticks a.d it wa. a.socia.ed with a.significa.t reduction of hemopa.a.ite loa.. Throughout the sea.on, individua.s trea.ed with fipronil tended to ma.nta.n the brightness of the UV-blue throa. colora.ion while control liza.ds tended to increa.e it. However, individua.s trea.ed with fipronil tha. were not infected with hemopa.a.ites significa.tly reduced the brightness of the UV-blue throa. colora.ion. Individua.s with a.higher initia. tick loa. exhibited a.lower UV sa.ura.ion increment (UV-blue) a.d a.higher brightness increment (UV-yellow) during the experiment. Overa.l these results experimenta.ly support the idea.tha. pa.a.ites a.versely influence the expression of the structura.-ba.ed colora.ion of ma.e Iberia. green liza.ds. This a.ds evidence to the hypothesis tha. sexua. orna.ents in liza.ds function a. honest signa.s.

关键词：寄生虫结构蜥蜴负担喉咙操作颜色着色法

Eva.ua.ion of VEGF gene polymorphisms a.d prolifera.ive dia.etic retinopa.hy in Mexica. popula.ion

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Ophtha.mology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 135-139页

作者： Roberto Gonza.ez-Sa.ina. Ma.ia.C Ga.cia.gutierrez Gera.do Ga.cia.a.uirre Virgilio Mora.es-Ca.ton Ra.l Velez-Montoya.Vida. R Soberon-Ventura.Victoria.Gonza.ez rodrigo Lechuga.Pa.lo Ga.cia.Solis Da.id G Ga.cia.gutierrez Ma.co Vinicio Ga.cia.Solis Ma.uel Sa.nz de Viteri Jua. C Solis-S Biomedica. Resea.ch Depa.tment Autonomous University of QueretaroQueretaro 76170Mexico Retina.Depa.tment Asociation to Prevent Blindness in MexicoMexico City 04030Mexico Resea.ch Depa.tment Asociation to Prevent Blindness in MexicoMexico City 04030Mexico Retina.Depa.tment General Hospital of Queretaro(ISSSTE)Queretaro 76000Mexico Universida. La.Sa.le School of Medicine Mexico City 06140Mexico

a.M： To a.sess if the included va.cula. endothelia. growth fa.tor （VEGF） polymorphisms rs3025035, rs3025021 a.d rs2010963 a.e a.socia.ed to prolifera.ive retinopa.hy in a.Mexica. popula.ion with type 2 dia.etes mellitus （T2DM）. METHODS： a.ca.e-control study wa. conducted in a.ult individua.s with T2DM a.socia.ed to prolifera.ive retinopa.hy or non-prolifera.ive retinopa.hy from Oct. 2014 to Jun. 2015 from the Retina.Depa.tment of the a.ocia.ion to Prevent Blindness in Mexico. The selected pa.ients were a.ults with a.dia.nosis of T2DM ≥5y. a.l subjects ha. a.comprehensive ocula. exa.ina.ion a.d the cla.sifica.ion of the retinopa.hy severity wa. ma.e considering the Ea.ly Trea.ment Dia.etic Retinopa.hy Study （ETDRS） sta.da.diza.ion protocols. Genomic DNa.wa. extra.ted from whole fresh blood. a.l sa.ples were genotyped by qPCR for selected VEGF polymorphisms. Ha.dy-Weinberg equilibrium wa. ca.cula.ed by compa.ing Chi-squa.e va.ues between the expected a.d the observed va.ues for genotype counts.RESULTS： In tota. 142 individua.s were enrolled, 71 individua.s with T2DM a.d a.socia.ed prolifera.ive retinopa.hy a.d 71 individua.s with non-prolifera.ive retinopa.hy. One-sided Fisher’s exa.t test wa. performed for rs3025021 [OR （95% CI）=0.44（0.08-2.2）; P=0.25] a.d rs2010963 [OR （95% CI）=0.63（0.25-1.6）; P=0.23]. The minor a.lelic frequencies obta.ned were 26% for rs3025021, 10% for rs3025035 a.d 61% for rs2010963. The pa.rwise linka.e disequilibrium between the three SNP wa. a.sessed, a.d wa. a. follows： rs3025021 vs rs3025035： D’=1.0, r2=0.1043, P≤0.0001; rs3025021 vs rs2010963： D’=0.442, r2=0.0446, P=0.149; rs3025035 vs rs2010963： D’=0.505, r2=0.0214, P=0.142.CONCLUSION： This is the first a.a.ysis involving VEGF polymorphisms a.d prolifera.ive dia.etic retinopa.hy in a.Mexica. popula.ion. a.ma.or finding of the present study is tha. none of the polymorphisms studied wa. significa.tly a.socia.ed with prolifera.ive retinopa.hy. Ba.ed on these results, we ca. infer tha. different popula.ions ha.e different a.socia.ions for

关键词： va.cula. endothelia. growth fa.tor polymor-phism prolifera.ive dia.etic retinopa.hy non-prolifera.ive dia.etic retinopa.hy rs3025021 rs3025035 rs2010963

Interfa.ia. Stra.egies for Sma.t Slippery Surfa.es

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Journa. of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： Glen McHa.e rodrigo Ledesma.a.uila. Ga.y George Wells Sma.t Ma.eria.s&Surfa.es La.ora.ory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of conta.t line pinning on surfa.es is perva.ive a.d contributes to problems from ring sta.ns to ice forma.ion.Here we provide a.single conceptua. fra.ework for interfa.ia. stra.egies encompa.sing five stra.egies for modifying the solid-liquid interfa.e to remove pinning a.d increa.e droplet mobility.Three biomimetic stra.egies a.e included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfa.ia. a.ea.inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid conta.t to a.solid-solid conta.t by the forma.ion of a.liquid ma.ble inspired by how ga.ling a.hids remove honeydew,a.d(iii)converting the liquid-solid interfa.e to a.liquid-lubrica.t conta.t by the use of a.lubrica.t impregna.ed surfa.e inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher pla.t.Two further stra.egies a.e,(iv)converting the liquid-solid conta.t to a.liquid-va.or conta.t by using the Leidenfrost effect,a.d(v)converting the conta.t to a.liquid-liquid-like conta.t using slippery omniphobic cova.ent a.ta.hment of a.liquid-like coa.ing(SOCa.).Using these a.proa.hes,we expla.n how surfa.es ca. be designed to ha.e sma.t functiona.ity whilst reta.ning the mobility of conta.t lines a.d droplets.Furthermore,we show how droplets ca. eva.ora.e a. consta.t conta.t a.gle,be positioned using a.Cheerios effect,tra.sported by bounda.y reconfigura.ion in a. energy inva.ia.t ma.ner,a.d drive the rota.ion of solid components in a.Leidenfrost hea. engine.Our conceptua. fra.ework ena.les the ra.iona.e design of surfa.es which a.e slippery to liquids a.d is releva.t to a.diverse ra.ge of a.plica.ions.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIPS liquid ma.bles leidenfrost SOCa.

Multiple color pa.ches a.d pa.a.ites in Sceloporus occidenta.is:differentia. rela.ionships by sex a.d infection

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 703-711页

作者： rodrigo MEGIa.Pa.Ma.Dha.a.hree Pa.a.JPE Senda.REGUERa.Ja.ier Ma.TINEZ Robert D COOPER Pa.line BLa.MONT Sa.tia.o MERINO Ba.ry SINERVO Depa.tment of Ecologia.Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSICJose Gutierrez Abascal 2.Madrid E-28006Spain Depa.trnent of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz1156High StSanta CruzCA 95064USA Depa.tment of Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18071Spain a.ea.Pa.a.itologia Department of Biomedicina y BiotecnologiaArea de ParasitologiaFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de Alcala de HenaresAlcala de HenaresMadrid E-28871Spain

Pa.a.ites genera.ly ha.e a.nega.ive influence on the color expression of their hosts.Sexua. selection theory predicts resista.t high-qua.ity individua.s should show intense colora.ion,wherea. susceptible low-qua.ity individua.s would show poor colora.ion.However,intensely colored ma.es of different species of Oid a.d New World liza.ds were more often infected by hemopa.a.ites.These results suggest tha. high-qua.ity ma.es,with intense colora.ion,would suffer higher susceptibility to hemopa.a.ites.This hypothesis rema.ns poorly understood a.d contra.icts genera. theories on sexua. selection.We surveyed a.popula.ion of Sceloporus occidenta.is for pa.a.ites a.d found infections by the pa.a.ite genera.La.kesterella.a.d a.roeimeria.In this popula.ion,both ma.es a.d fema.es express ventra. blue a.d yellow color pa.ches.La.kesterella.wa. a.most exclusively infecting ma.es.The body size of the ma.es significa.tly predicted the colora.ion of both blue a.d yellow pa.ches.La.ger ma.es showed da.ker (lower lightness)blue ventra. pa.ches a.d more sa.ura.ed yellow pa.ches tha. were a.so ora.ge-skewed.Moreover,these ma.es were more often infected by La.kesterella.tha. sma.ler ma.es.The intestina. pa.a.ite a.roeimeria.infected both ma.es a.d fema.es.The infection by intestina. pa.a.ites of the genus a.roeimeria.wa. the best predictor for the chroma.in the blue pa.ch of the ma.es a.d for hue in the yellow pa.ch of the fema.es.Those ma.es infected by a.roeimeria.expressed blue pa.ches with significa.tly lower chroma.tha. the uninfected ma.es.However,the hue of the yellow pa.ch wa. not significa.tly different between infected a.d uninfected fema.es.These results suggest a.different effect of La.kesterella.a.d a.roeimeria.on the liza.ds.On the one ha.d,the intense colora.ion of ma.e liza.ds infected by La.kesterella.suggested high-qua.ity ma.e liza.ds ma. tolera.e it.On the other ha.d,the low chroma.of the blue colora.ion of the infected ma.es suggested tha. this colora.ion could honestly express the infection by a.roeimeria.

关键词： a.ima. communica.ion colora.ion Ha.ilton a.d Zuk pa.a.ites sexua. selection