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Study of the Effect of Different Solids Load on the Optimum pH during Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Corn Stover

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第10期5卷 880-889页

作者： rodolfo A. Romero Bertil Stromberg Anita Locke Biochemical Technology Andritz Inc. Glens Falls NY USA

The understanding of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic material is of great importance. There are several important commercially available enzymes in the market that are used for this purpose. The conditions of pH and temperature performance of any particular enzyme are very well defined and it is clearly indicated by its manufacturer and it depends on the type of enzyme or enzymes in the complex pool. It is well know that commercial cellulases work best at pH around 4.8-5.0 and as a consequence this is widely used in the industry and the literature. In this study it was found that optimum pH of cellulases is different than that recommended by its manufacturer at higher solids load saccharification. The optimum pH changes depending on the consistency or solids loads of the matrix where the enzyme is acting upon. Steam exploded corn stover was tested with cellulases and xylanases at different pH, consistencies and ionic strength. Results showed that the optimum pH at lower consistency （1% w/w） is the same as the one recommended by the manufacturer and in the literature; however at higher consistency the value obtained was higher （pH 5.5 to pH 6.5） instead ofpH 4.8. The difference could represent up to 30-50% higher yields and hence of great importance for the economics of second generation fuel production. An explanation of this behavior could be associated with the Donnan effect theory. This effect indicates that the presence of charged groups in the fiber matrix creates a pH gradient within the slurry. If the charged groups are negatively charged this would create a local or internal pH lower than the surrounding liquid pH. This could explain why by reducing the concentration of H^＋ higher enzymatic conversion yields were observed.

关键词： Enzyme optimum pH Donnan effect steam explosion cellulose hydrolysis corn stover biofuel

Sea Level Variation at Western Coast of Mexican Pacific in Response to Tsunamigenic Earthquakes （2012-2015）

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2015年第6期5卷 318-326页

作者： Rom~in rodolfo Vera-Mendoza Modesto Ortiz-Figueroa Centro de Alerta de Tsunamis Secretaria de Marina Av. Heroica Escuela Naval Militar No. 861. Col. Los Cipreses Del.Coyoacfn D.F. 04830 Mexico Centro de Investigaei6n Cientifica y Educaci6n Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) Km 107 Carretera Touana-Ensenada EnsenadaBaja California 22860 Mexico

Tsunamis in Mexico are a real threat, still unknown to many, mainly by people living in or visiting the coast. The Tsunami Warning Center in Mexico recently created （September 19, 2011） monitors earthquakes and sea level change caused by these same. Sea level on the west coast of the Mexican Pacific was analyzed after the occurrence of local, regional and distant earthquakes, in order to determine the existence of an anomaly due to the quake itself. Variations in sea level due to local registered earthquakes Mw 6.0 to 7.4 range was from 0.10 to 0.30 m; for regional earthquakes of Mw 7.3 and 8.2 were 0.12 and 0.22 m respectively and to the distant earthquake of Mw 8.0 recorded in Solomon Islands, the change in sea level of the maximum recorded was 0.20 m in Manzanillo, Colima. It is important to know that earthquakes whether local, regional or distant whose magnitudes are in the range specified here, did not present a risk to the Mexican coast, but do not rely, having to monitor variations in sea level that earthquakes can produce and be aware that you may perhaps occur as a tsunami in Indonesia in 2004 or Japan in 2011.

关键词： Sea level Mexican Pacific tsunamis earthquakes.

Vulnerability to Landslides in the City of Sao Paulo

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第10期10卷 1160-1167页

作者： Leticia Palazzi Perez Jose rodolfo Scarati Martins: Faculty of Humanities University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 01402000 Brazil School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 05508010 Brazil

The City of Silo Paulo is the largest urban occupation in Brazil, covering 1,500 km^2. Its population is approximately 12 million inhabitants, 12% of them living in subnormal agglomerates, the IBGE （Brazilian Agency for Statistics and Geography） denomination for informal settlements, mostly located in fiver floodplain areas or top of hills. The extreme high level of soil sealing and high slopes have a fundamental role to explain the increase the risks of mass movements or landslides, related to precipitation magnitude and duration. This article presents the construction of curves coupling landslides occurrences and precipitation based on the data analysis of different basins in the city of Sao Panlo, considering also the probability and duration of the rainfall event in order to establish a vulnerability index to estimate the vulnerability category of an specific area. Based on the data analysis of instantaneous radar rain records for seven extreme rainfall events where landslides occurrences records were available, it was possible to plot sigmoid curves linking the number of occurrences with the event probability in terms of return period.

关键词： Landslide risk urban vulnerability GIS (Geographic Information System).

Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Parabolic Trough Collector for Solar Adsorption Refrigerator

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第11期9卷 687-702页

作者： Mariella Mateo rodolfo Echarri Inna Samsón Laboratorio de Energías Alternativas Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Instituto del Desarrollo Humano Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento Buenos Aires Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina

This work presents an algorithm able to simulate the heating of a solar collector throughout the day. The discussed collector is part of a solar adsorption refrigerator, and is used to regenerate the activated carbon contained inside a cylindrical recipient (absorber), which is located in the focal line of a parabolic trough concentrator. The developed algorithm takes into account all the transfer mechanisms when analyzing the heat transfers taking place between the collector’s components and the environment, as well as the transfer mechanisms towards the absorber’s interior. The temperature evolution for the collector’s elements is obtained, and the model is validated by comparing the experimentally measured surface temperature of the absorber with the one determined by the algorithm. The experimental data were gathered from similar collectors in two different scenarios: Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The model is satisfactorily validated with experimental data.

关键词： Mathematical Model Heat Transfer Parabolic Trough Collector Solar Adsorption Refrigerator

Yield of surgery in solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas: A case series and literature review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 589-599页

作者： Flávio Silano Ricardo Bandeira de Melo Amaral rodolfo Carvalho Santana Vanessa Costa Neves JoséCelso Ardengh Paulo Cezar Galvão do Amaral Digestive Surgery Hospital São Rafael/Rede D’OrSalvador 40285000BahiaBrazil Department of Surgery of the Upper Digestive System São Rafael Hospital/Rede D’Or Hospital GroupSalvador 41253-190BahiaBrazil Surgery and Anatomy Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 04611-000São PauloBrazil Endoscopy Service Hospital 9 de JulhoSão Paulo 04611-000São PauloBrazil Imaging and Diagnosis Escola Paulista de Medicina-São Paulo Federal UniversitySão Paulo 04611-000SPBrazil

BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms(SPN)of the pancreas represents approximately 2%of non-endocrine tumors of the *** is described in the literature as a rare and predominant tumor in young *** To report a case series with SPN and analyzing clinical,surgical,anatomopathological characteristics,as well as the prognosis and review of *** Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgery,with histological diagnosis of SPN between 1998 and 2018,using standardized and prospectively completed forms,performed at the Surgery Service of the Upper Digestive System at Hospital São Rafael/Rede D’Or in *** of literature through a database search in MEDLINE/PubMed of retrospective *** Fourteen female patients with the average age of 31.6 years(range min-max)were *** patients(85.7%)were asymptomatic,being an incidental diagnosis or due to screening for other *** patient had abdominal pain due to gastric compression and another patient had *** 14 patients were staged with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance *** had evidence of *** 8 patients(57.1%),the tumor was in the tail and *** average size was 6.7 cm(range min-18).The type of surgery was according to the anatomical location of the *** was no lymph node *** two cases,vascular resection with the use of a prosthesis was required for *** surgical margins were *** all cases,postoperative immunohistochemistry confirmed that it was a solid pseudo-papillary neoplasia of the *** has been no disease recurrence in any case so *** The tumors had a benign,indolent and histopathological behavior compatible with the *** surgery is recommended in all cases.

关键词： Frantz tumor Malignancy Solid pseudo-papillary tumor Surgical treatment Survival Pancreas

Dynamics of coastline changes in Mexico

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第10期29卷 1637-1654页

作者： VALDERRAMA-LANDEROS Luis H. MARTELL-DUBOIS Raúl RESSL Rainer SILVA-CASARíN rodolfo CRUZ-RAMíREZ Cesia J. MUNOZ-PEREZ Juan J. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity Liga Periferico-Insurgentes Sur 4903 Col. Parques del Pedregal Del. Tlalpan Ciudad de Mexico. C.P. 14010 Mexico Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM Circuito Escolar s/n Ciudad UniversitariaDelegacion Coyoacan Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510 Mexico Physical Oceanography Cadiz University Dpto.de Física Aplicada CASEM11150 Puerto Real (Cadiz) Spain

The goal of our work was to locate and quantify changes that occurred in 66% of the Mexican coastline, based on four land cover maps generated by the Mexican Mangrove Monitoring System(SMMM) of the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity(CONABIO) for the years 1970/81, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Our results showed overall dominance of erosion over accretion processes, beaches being the most affected coastal land cover. Emphasis was placed on identification and description of coastline sites in which land was either continuously lost(erosion) or gained(accretion) during the studied time periods. These sites were defined as continuous unidirectional dynamic sites and were compared with previous knowledge about the geodynamics of Mexican coasts. Continuous unidirectional dynamic sites were distributed throughout the study area and within all land cover types, but predominantly corresponded to areas covered by mangroves in the states of Campeche and Nayarit. Finally, we found an intensification of coastal erosion-accretion processes over time;coastline change rates having duplicated between the earliest(1970/81–2005) and the two more recent(2005–2010, and 2010–2015) analysed time periods, with erosion rates for each corresponding period of –3 m/yr,–7.5 m/yr, and –7.3 m/yr,and accretion rates of 2.8 m/yr, 7.3 m/yr, and 6.9 m/yr, respectively.

关键词： changes in Mexican coastline Mexico coast erosion coast accretion

Effect of tibolone pretreatment on kinases and phosphatases that regulate the expression and phosphorylation of Tau in the hippocampus of rats exposed to ozone

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 440-448页

作者： rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Julia J. Segura-Uribe Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa Eunice D. Farfán-García Juan M. Gallardo Christian Guerra-Araiza Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5 C.P. 56530. Ixtapaluca State of Mexico Mexico Institute for the Developing Mind Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Department of Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico Nacional Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón Col. Casco de Santo Tomis. C. P. 11340. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologia Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico

Oxidative stress （OS） is a key process in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases, memory disorders, and other pathological processes related to aging. Tibolone （TIB）, a synthetic hormone used as a treatment for menopausal ymptoms, decreases lipoperoxidation levels, prevents memory impairment and learning disability caused by ozone （O3） exposure. However, it is not clear if TIB could prevent the increase in phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. In this study, the effects of TIB at different times of administration on the phosphorylation of Tau, the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK3β）, and the inactivation of Akt and phosphatases PP2A and PTEN induced by O3 exposure were assessed in adult male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 10 groups： control group （ozone-free air plus vehicle [C]）, control ＋ TIB group （ozone-free air plus TIB 1 mg/kg [C ＋ TIB]）; 7,15, 30, and 60 days of ozone exposure groups [O3] and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of TIB 1 mg/kg before ozone exposure groups [O3 ＋ TIB]. The effects of O3 exposure and TIB administration were assessed by western blot analysis of total and phosphorylated Tau, GSK3β, Akt, PP2A, and PTEN proteins and oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde by two different spectrophotometric methods （Marklund and TBARS, respectively）. We observed that O3 exposure increases Tau phosphorylation, which is correlated with decreased PP2A and PTEN protein levels, diminished Akt protein levels, and increased GSK3β protein levels in the hippocampus of adult male rats. The effects of O3 exposure were prevented by the long-term treatment （over 15 days） with TIB. Malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine levels increased from 15 to 60 days of exposure to O3 in comparison to C group, and superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Furthermore, TIB administration limited the changes induced by O3 exposure. Our results

关键词： tibolone oxidative stress ozone exposure Tau GSK3 hippocampus neuroprotection

Green Marketing and Renewable Energy： Evidence on Motivations and Behaviour in the Aquacultural Market

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第12期10卷 1111-1130页

作者： rodolfo Ballestrazzi Michela C. Mason Federico Nassivera University of Udine Udine Italy

The purpose of this paper falls within the theoretical framework of green marketing. It investigates the relationships that exist between the motives relating to aquacultural products marketed under the private label of a traditional retailer （Coop）, the attitude towards their purchase, the perception of their quality, their reliability and the willingness to pay for them. Particular importance is given to the green motives, those that lead to a preference for a product made with specific renewable energies such as biogas. The structural equation models （SEM） technique is used to develop propositions representing a theoretical approach to the integration of green marketing, in the context of the process for purchasing Coop brand fish. With regard to distinguishing between the motives, we referred to the approach that sets out three different types of motive： clean, green and ethical. The resulting managerial implications make it possible to assess how much the different types of motive influence the choices of the consumers. Managers will benefit from the results of this paper by understanding better the benefits for consumers of aquacultural products from renewable energy such as biogas. The originality of the paper lies in its focusing on green purchase behaviour in a poorly investigated sector such as that of fish breeding. The paper contributes to an understanding of the factors that influence environmentally responsible purchase behaviour and their exact relationships, that are still unclear in literature. The fact that environmental issues and concerns are constantly changing implies that ongoing research into their influence on consumer behaviour is essential

关键词： green marketing renewable energy aquacultural market biogas SEM

Polyphenols as potential enhancers of stem cell therapy against neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2093-2101页

作者： Diana Rodríguez-Vera Antonio Abad-García Nancy Vargas-Mendoza rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Eunice D.Farfán-García José A.Morales-González Marvin A.Soriano-Ursúa Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación.Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico NacionalMéxico CityMéxico Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad IxtapalucaCarretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5State of MéxicoMéxico

The potential of polyphenols for treating chronic-degenerative diseases(particularly neurodegenerative diseases)is ***,the selection of the best polyphenol for each treatment,the mechanisms by which they act,and their efficacy are frequently *** this review,the basics and the advances in the field,as well as suggestions for using natural and synthetic polyphenols alone or in a combinatorial strategy with stem cell assays,are compiled and ***,stem cells exhibit several responses when polyphenols are added to their environment,which could provide us with knowledge for advancing the elucidation of the origin of *** also,polyphenols are being included in the innovative strategies of novel therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic diseases related to *** this regard,flavonoid compounds are suggested as the best natural polyphenols due to their several mechanisms for acting in ameliorative effects;but increasing reports are involving other *** if some facts limiting bioactivity prevent them from conventional use,some natural polyphenols and derivatives hold the promise for being improved compounds,judged by their induced *** current results suggest polyphenols as enhancers of stem cell therapy against the targeted diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease chronic degenerative diseases combinatorial therapy metabolism neurodegenerative diseases neuronal damage neuroprotection Parkinson’s disease polyphenols stem cell assays