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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： rod.igo megia-palma Dhanashree Paranjpe Robert D.Cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry Sinervo Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,Sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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Manipulation of parasite load induces significant changes in the structural-based throat color of male iberian green lizards

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 293-302页

作者： rod.igo megia-palma Javier MARTiNEZ Santiago MERINO Dept Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC J. Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Area Parasitologia Dept Biomedicina y Biotecnologia Area de Parasitologia. Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcala de Henares Alcala de Henares E-28871 Madrid Spain

The honesty of structural-based ornaments is controversial. Sexual selection theory predicts that the honesty of a sexual signal relies on its cost of production or maintenance. Therefore, environmental factors with negative impact on individuals could generate high costs and affect the expres- sion of these sexual signals. In this sense, parasites are a main cost for their hosts. To probe the effect of parasites on the structural-based coloration of a lacertid species Lacerta schreiberi, we have experimentally removed ticks from a group of male Iberian green lizards using an acaricide treatment （i.e., the broad-use insecticide fipronil）. All individuals were radio-tracked and recaptured after 15 days to study changes in coloration in both the ultraviolet （UV）-blue （structural-based） and UV-yellow （structural and pigment-based） ornamentations after manipulation, as well as changes in endoand ectoparasitic load and body condition. Additionally, after the experiment, we measured the skin inflammatory response to a mitogen. The fipronil treatment was effective in reducing ticks and it was associated with a significant reduction of hemoparasite load. Throughout the season, individuals treated with fipronil tended to maintain the brightness of the UV-blue throat coloration while control lizards tended to increase it. However, individuals treated with fipronil that were not infected with hemoparasites significantly reduced the brightness of the UV-blue throat color ation. Individuals with a higher initial tick load exhibited a lower UV saturation increment （UV-blue） and a higher brightness increment （UV-yellow） during the experiment. Overall these results experimentally support the idea that parasites adversely influence the expression of the structural-based coloration of male Iberian green lizards. This adds evidence to the hypothesis that sexual ornaments in lizards function as honest signals.

关键词： animal communication ectoparasites Hamilton & Zuk structural-coloration.

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Multiple color patches and parasites in Sceloporus occidentalis:differential relationships by sex and infection

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 703-711页

作者： rod.igo megia-palma Dhanashree PARANJPE Senda REGUERA Javier MARTINEZ Robert D COOPER Pauline BLAIMONT Santiago MERINO Barry SINERVO Department of Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSICJose Gutierrez Abascal 2.Madrid E-28006Spain Departrnent of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz1156High StSanta CruzCA 95064USA Department of Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18071Spain Area Parasitologia Department of Biomedicina y BiotecnologiaArea de ParasitologiaFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de Alcala de HenaresAlcala de HenaresMadrid E-28871Spain

Parasites generally have a negative influence on the color expression of their *** selection theory predicts resistant high-quality individuals should show intense coloration,whereas susceptible low-quality individuals would show poor ***,intensely colored males of different species of Oid and New World lizards were more often infected by *** results suggest that high-quality males,with intense coloration,would suffer higher susceptibility to *** hypothesis remains poorly understood and contradicts general theories on sexual *** surveyed a population of Sceloporus occidentalis for parasites and found infections by the parasite genera Lankesterella and *** this population,both males and females express ventral blue and yellow color *** was almost exclusively infecting *** body size of the males significantly predicted the coloration of both blue and yellow *** males showed darker (lower lightness)blue ventral patches and more saturated yellow patches that were also ***,these males were more often infected by Lankesterella than smaller *** intestinal parasite Acroeimeria infected both males and *** infection by intestinal parasites of the genus Acroeimeria was the best predictor for the chroma in the blue patch of the males and for hue in the yellow patch of the *** males infected by Acroeimeria expressed blue patches with significantly lower chroma than the uninfected ***,the hue of the yellow patch was not significantly different between infected and uninfected *** results suggest a different effect of Lankesterella and Acroeimeria on the *** the one hand,the intense coloration of male lizards infected by Lankesterella suggested high-quality male lizards may tolerate *** the other hand,the low chroma of the blue coloration of the infected males suggested that this coloration could honest

关键词： animal communication coloration Hamilton and Zuk parasites sexual selection

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Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 197-204页

作者： Lola ALVAREZ-RUIZ rod.igo megia-palma Senda REGUERA Santiago Rulz Francisco J. ZAMORA-CAMACHO Jordi FIGUEROLA Gregorio MORENO-RUEDA Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion-CSIC Ctra. Naquera Kin. 4.5 Moncada Valencia E-46113 Spain Departarnento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC c/Jose Gutierrez Abascal Madrid E-28006 Spain Unit of Ethology and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary University CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia) E-46113 Spain Servicio de Control de Mosquitos DiputaciGn Provincial de Huelva Centro de InvestigaciGn Biornedica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Huelva Spain CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Peblica (CIBERESP) Spain Departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid E-28006 Spain Departarnento de Ecologia de Hurnedales Estacion Biologica de Dofiana-CSIC c/Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain

Studying the causes of parasite geographic distribution is relevant to understand ecological and evolutionary processes that affect host populations as well as for species conservation. Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables affecting parasite distribution, as raising temperatures positively affect development, reproduction, and rate of transmission of both endo- and ectoparasites. In this context, it is generally accepted that, in mountains, parasite abundance decreases with elevation. However, empirical evidence on this topic is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the elevational variation of hemoparasites and ectoparasites of a lizard, Psammodromus algirus, along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada （SE Spain）. As pre- dicted, ectoparasite （mites, ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies） abundance decreased with elevation. However, hemoparasite prevalence and intensity in the lizard augmented with altitude, showing a pattern contrary to their vectors （mites）. We suggest that tolerance to hemoparasites may increase with elevation as a consequence of lizards at high altitudes taking advantage of increased body condition and food availability, and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, lizards could have been selected for higher resistance against hemoparasites at lowlands （where higher rates of replication are expected）, thus reducing hemoparasite prevalence and load. Our findings imply that, in a scen- ario of climate warming, populations of lizards at high elevation may face increased abundance of ectoparasites, accompanied with strong negative effects.

关键词： elevation immune system parasite distribution Psammodromus algirus reptile

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