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luminating Crop Adaptation Using Population Genomics

Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 27-29页

作者： rod J.snowdon Sarah Schiessl Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University GiessenNeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany

In this issue,Wu et al.(2019)describe the largest whole-genome resequencing dataset published to date for rapeseed (Brassica napus),an allopolyploid crop species that originated just a few thousand years ago under anthropogenic influence and rapidly evolved into one of the world's most important oilseed crops. In almost 1000 *** spanning species-wid.e germplasm for oilseed rape,a comprehensive analysis of sequence diversity related to flowering-related traits uncovered selective sweeps associated with eco-geographic adaptation and human selection,attributable particularly to divergence among homoeologs of key flowering-time regulation and ethylene synthesis/signaling genes.

关键词： issue Brassica napus

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Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 797-809页

作者： Sarah Hatzig L.Irina Zaharia Suzanne Abrams Marie Hohmann Laurie Legoahec Alain Bouchereau Nathalie Nesi rod J.snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan UMR 1349 INRA-AgroCampus Ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Joint Laboratory for Genetics Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP) Bat.301 BP 35327 35653 Le Rheu Cedex France

The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiolo- gy, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol （PEG 6ooo）, followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences wereobserved between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpected- ly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mech- anisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.

关键词： Abscisic acid Brassica napus drought hormones metabolites

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Genome-wide prediction for hybrids between parents with distinguished difference on exotic introgressions in Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1169-1178页

作者： Dandan Hu Yusheng Zhao Jinxiong Shen Xiangxiang He Yikai Zhang Yong Jiang rod snowdon Jinling Meng Jochen C.Reif Jun Zou National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement College of Plant Science&TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Department of Breeding Research Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Stadt Seeland 06466Germany Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessen 35392Germany

Extensive exotic introgression could significantly enlarge the genetic distance of hybrid parental populations to promote strong *** goal of this study was to investigate whether genome-wide prediction can support pre-breeding in populations with exotic *** evaluated seed yield,seed yield related traits and seed quality traits of 363 hybrids of Brassica napus (AACC) derived from two parental populations divergent on massive exotic introgression of related species in three *** hybrids presented strong heterosis on seed yield,which was much higher than other investigated *** genomic best linear unbiased prediction models considering the exotic introgression and different marker effects (additive,dominance,and epistatic effects) were constructed to test the prediction ability for different traits of the *** analysis showed that the trait complexity,exotic introgression,genetic relationship between the training set and testing set,training set size,and environments affected the prediction *** models with best prediction ability for different traits ***,relatively high prediction ability (e.g.,0.728 for seed yield) was also observed when the simplest models were used,excluding the effects of the special exotic introgression and epistasis effect by5-fold cross validation,which would simplify the prediction for the trait with complex architecture for hybrids with exotic *** results provide novel insights and strategies for genome-wide prediction of hybrids between genetically distinct parent groups with exotic introgressions.

关键词： Hybrid Genome-wide prediction Exotic introgression Brassica napus Heterosis

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Characterization of seedling proteomes and development of markers to distinguish the Brassica A and C genomes

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第5期37卷 333-340页

作者： Fang Kong Cailin Ge Xiaoping Fang rod J. snowdon Youping Wang College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China Institute for Plant Breeding and Crop Science I Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 Giessen 35392 Germany

The diploid species Brassica rapa （genome AA） and B. oleracea （genome CC） were compared by full-scale proteome analyses of seedling. A total of 28.2% of the proteins was common to both species, indicating the existence of a basal or ubiquitous proteome. However, a number of discriminating proteins （32.0%） and specific proteins （39.8%） of the Brassica A and C genomes, respectively, were identified, which could represent potentially species-specific functions. Based on these A or C genome-specific proteins, a number of PCR-based markers to distinguish B. rapa and B. oleracea species were also developed.

关键词： Brassica rapa Brassica oleracea proteomics molecular marker

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Deletion of a Stay-Green Gene Associates with Adaptive Selection in Brassica napus

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Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1559-1569页

作者： Lunwen Qian Kai Voss-Fels Yixin Cui Habib U. Jan Birgit Samans Christian Obermeier Wei Qian rod J. snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University 400716 Chongqing China

Chlorophyll levels provide important imrormation about plant growth and physiological plasticity in response to changing environments. The stay-green gene NON-YELLOWING 1 （NYE1） is believed to regu-late chlorophyll degradation during senescence, concomitantly affecting the disassembly of the light- harvesting complex and hence indirectly influencing photosynthesis. We identified Brassica napus acces- sions carrying an NYE1 deletion associated with increased chlorophyll content, and with upregulated expression of light-harvesting complex and photosynthetic reaction center （PSI and PSII） genes. Compar- ative analysis of the seed oil content of accessions with related genetic backgrounds revealed that the B. napus NYE1 gene deletion （bnnyel） affected oil accumulation, and linkage disequilibrium signatures suggested that the locus has been subject to artificial selection by breeding in oilseed B. napus forms. Comparative analysis of haplotype diversity groups （haplogroups） between three different ecotypes of the allopolyploid B. napus and its A-subgenome diploid progenitor, Brassica rapa, indicated that introgres- sion of the bnnyel deletion from Asian B. rapa into winter-type B. napus may have simultaneously improved its adaptation to cooler environments experienced by autumn-sown rapeseed.

关键词： rapeseed breeding chlorophyll photosynthesis presence-absence variation PAV

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通过降低种子中粗纤维含量来改良油菜饼粕品质(英文)

通过降低种子中粗纤维含量来改良油菜饼粕品质(英文)

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第十二届国际油菜大会

作者： Benjamin Wittkop rod snowdon Wolfgang Friedt Department of Plant Breeding Research Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Department of Plant Breeding Research Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Department of Plant Breeding Research Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany

油菜饼粕是一种重要的动物饲料原料,也是人类所需植物蛋白的来源之一。对于油菜育种学家来说,在较大程度地提高油菜产量的同时,改良油菜饼粕质量和提高其经济价值也成为日益重要的育种目标。油菜饼粕含40%的蛋白质,因而具有可观的氨基... 详细信息

油菜饼粕是一种重要的动物饲料原料,也是人类所需植物蛋白的来源之一。对于油菜育种学家来说,在较大程度地提高油菜产量的同时,改良油菜饼粕质量和提高其经济价值也成为日益重要的育种目标。油菜饼粕含40%的蛋白质,因而具有可观的氨基酸含量,其中胱氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸含量丰富。然而,由于高水平粗纤维和抗营养因子的存在,致使油菜饼粕（蛋白）的利用受到了较大的限制,特别是不能用于饲喂家禽和猪等单胃动物。通过对种皮较薄的黄籽油菜的育种改良,以减少抗营养的酚类物质复合体（如木质素）途径,来增大油菜饼粕（蛋白）的应用范围,引起了人们的兴趣。纤维和单宁酸的生化合成途径中具有相同的前体物质,由此人们认为黄色种皮油菜籽具有低纤维含量。此外,黄籽油菜的种皮厚度降低将增加单位干重的油脂或蛋白的含量。本研究旨在于对不同黑籽遗传背景的冬油菜种色分离群体测定纤维含量。将种皮中的主要抗营养因子、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,分别提取成为中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）进行测定。由于这些测定方法费时和难以自动化测定,本研究的目的在于开发出高通量,对种质无破坏的近红外反射光谱筛选法,来筛选和分析这些重要抗营养因子复合体的基因型。

关键词： Rapeseed meal quality-seed colour-fibre fractions-antinutritive compounds-near infrared spectroscopy

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应用基因表达的连续分析方法研究甘蓝型油菜的种子发育(英文)

应用基因表达的连续分析方法研究甘蓝型油菜的种子发育(英文)

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第十二届国际油菜大会

作者： Christian Obermeier Bashir Hosseini rod snowdon 贾斯特斯李比希大学植物育种系生物系统研究中心土地利用与营养室贾斯特斯李比希大学植物育种系生物系统研究中心土地利用与营养室贾斯特斯李比希大学植物育种系生物系统研究中心土地利用与营养室

基因表达的连续分析是一种高通量的技术,可测定特定组织的基因表达水平。这项技术基于poly A+RNAs剪切得到的短标签和标签末端间的两两连接组成的串联体。标签序列通过克隆和对串联体进行测序而获得。SAGE广泛地应用于动物基因组学研究... 详细信息

基因表达的连续分析是一种高通量的技术,可测定特定组织的基因表达水平。这项技术基于poly A+RNAs剪切得到的短标签和标签末端间的两两连接组成的串联体。标签序列通过克隆和对串联体进行测序而获得。SAGE广泛地应用于动物基因组学研究,但到目前为止很少用于植物基因组分析。本研究的目的是改进SAGE技术使其能够应用于甘蓝型油菜和其它类似的复杂多倍体全基因组的表达分析。我们特别感兴趣的是通过研究基因的转录覆盖和甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中那些差异表达的基因,期望鉴定出一些有商业价值的种子内含物相关的基因。我们在实验过程中对原始程序进行了一些修饰,得到Robust-Long SAGE,它可产生长度为20-21bp的标签,能有效地用于甘蓝型油菜基因组的基因克隆和转录鉴定。种子发育的限定点在栽培种“Express”中鉴定,因为它的种子脂肪酸代谢方式与其它甘蓝型油菜相比发生了显著改变。总RNA在种子发育阶段分两次提取,以便作为对比,并用于构建文库。在整个过程中PCR扩增产物的数量和浓度以及限制性内切酶的使用都能够有效的保证得到较长的片段。高质量文库的获得是通过预先部分地酶切串联体,以提高质粒载体与高分子量的串联体的连接效率。这个步骤大概减少了环化的和不能克隆的串联体的分子浓度。文库的测序数据分析结果将在以下几个方面进行讨论,包括种子转录本的覆盖程度,特异性和利用公共芸薹属数据库进行基因标签作图的质量,以及芸薹属种子发育过程所涉及的差异表达的基因数量和差异表达的模式。

关键词： Oilseed rape Brassica napus seed development SAGE expression profiling napin antisense RNA

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VERNAUZATION1 Modulates Root System Architecture in Wheat and Barley

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 226-229页

作者： Kai P. Voss-Fels Hannah Robinson Stephen R. Mudge Cecile Richard Saul Newman Benjamin Wittkop Andreas Stahl Wolfgang Friedt Matthias Frisch lulian Gabur Anika Miller-Cooper Bradley C. Campbell Alison Kelly Glen Fox Jack Christopher Mandy Christopher Karine Chenu Jerome Franckowiak Emma S. Mace Andrew K. Borrell Howard Eagles David R. Jordan Jose R. Botella Graeme Hammer lan D. Godwin Ben Trevaskis rod J. snowdon Lee T. Hickey Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Uebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia CSIRO Agriculture Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Department of Biometry and Population Genetics IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Leslie Research FacilRy Toowoomba QLD 4350 Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland roowoomba QLD 4350 Australia Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Hermitage Research Facility Warwick QLD 4370 Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation Hermitage Research Facility The University of Queensland Warwick QLD 4370 Australia These authors contributed equally to this article.

Dear Editor Roots play a key role in plant growth regulation. It is well described that the below-ground plant architecture has a significant impact on plant performance under abiotic constraints and maintains stabili...

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Genome-wide prediction for hybrids between parents withdistinguished difference on exotic introgressions in Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期

作者： Dandan Hu Yusheng Zhao Jinxiong Shen Xiangxiang He Yikai Zhang Yong Jiang rod snowdon Jinling Meng Jochen C.Reif Jun Zou

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